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Encyclopedia > Modulo

The word modulo (Latin, with respect to a modulus of ___) is the Latin ablative of modulus which itself means "a small measure." It was introduced into mathematics in the book Disquisitiones Arithmeticae by Carl Friedrich Gauss in 1801. Ever since however, "modulo" has gained many meanings, some exact and some imprecise. Latin is an ancient [[Indo-European languages|Indo-well as the Roman CEuropean language originally spoken in Latium, the region immediately surrounding Rome. ... In linguistics, the ablative case is a noun case found in several languages, including Latin, Sanskrit and in the Finno_Ugric languages. ... Mathematical meanings Especially in British/European usage, the modulus of a number is its absolute value. ... Euclid, Greek mathematician, 3rd century BC, known today as the father of geometry; shown here in a detail of The School of Athens by Raphael. ... The Disquisitiones Arithmeticae is a textbook of number theory written by German mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss and first published in 1801 when Gauss was 24. ... (30 April 1777 – 23 February 1855) was a German mathematician and scientist of profound genius who contributed significantly to many fields, including number theory, analysis, differential geometry, geodesy, magnetism, astronomy and optics. ...

  • (This usage is from Gauss's book.) Given the integers a, b and n, the expression ab (mod n) (pronounced "a is congruent to b modulo n") means that a and b have the same remainder when divided by n, or equivalently, that a − b is a multiple of n. For more details, see modular arithmetic.
  • Two members of a ring or an algebra are congruent modulo an ideal if the difference between them is in the ideal.
  • Two subsets of an infinite set are equal modulo finite sets precisely if their symmetric difference is finite, that is, you can take a finite piece from the first infinite set, then add a finite piece to it, and get as result the second infinite set.
  • The most general precise definition is simply in terms of an equivalence relation R. We say that a is equivalent or congruent to b modulo R if aRb.
  • In the mathematical community, the word modulo is also used informally, in many imprecise ways. Generally, to say "A is the same as B modulo C" means, more-or-less, "A and B are the same except for differences accounted for or explained by C". See modulo (jargon).

  Results from FactBites:
 
MOTU.com - Modulo (387 words)
At its heart, Modulo is built on two independent oscillators each capable of producing 58 digital waveforms (including the basics such as sine, square, saw, rectangle, etc.).
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Modulo provides the perfect balance of intuitive yet advanced classic subtractive synth programming combined with a flexible yet straightforward modulation matrix.
Modulo IT GRCM - IT Governance, Risk and Compliance Management (404 words)
For over twenty years now, Modulo has been helping organizations to manage IT-related risks by promoting good governance and security best practices.
These days, when governance and compliance issues have come to the forefront of business executives' and state officials' attention, Modulo is poised to assist your organization in achieving maximum results with the available.
Modulo Security receives worldwide "Excellence in Information Security" Award from Microsoft.
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