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The Mogollon (IPA pronunciation: [mogəjon]) is the name applied to one of the four major prehistoric archaeological culture areas of the American Southwest and Northern Mexico. The American Indian culture known as the Mogollon lived in the southwest from approximately AD 150 until sometime between AD 1300 and AD 1400. The name Mogollon comes from the Mogollon Mountains, which were named after a Spanish official, Don Juan Ignacio Flores Mogollón. Not to be confused with the NATO phonetic alphabet, which has also informally been called the “International Phonetic Alphabetâ€. For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words, see IPA chart for English. ...
Prehistory (Greek words προ = before and ιστορία = history) is the period of human history prior to the advent of writing (which marks the beginning of recorded history). ...
Archaeology, archeology, or archæology (from the Greek words αÏχαίος = ancient and λόγος = word/speech/discourse) is the study of human cultures through the recovery, documentation and analysis of material remains and environmental data, including architecture, artefacts, biofacts, human remains, and landscapes. ...
The Southwest region of the United States is drier than the adjoining Midwest in weather; the population is less dense and, with strong Spanish-American and Native American components, more ethnically varied than neighboring areas. ...
Native Americans, the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States, including parts of Alaska. ...
The Mogollon Mountains are a small mountain range east of the San Francisco River in Grant and Catron counties of southwestern New Mexico, between the communities of Reserve and Silver City. ...
Cultural history
Mogollon archaeological record bears some similarities to cultures known as the Hohokam and the Ancient Pueblo (Anasazi) although these similarities might be attributable to trade or other forms of interaction with people living in northern Arizona and New Mexico or southern Arizona. Hohokam is the name applied to one of the four major prehistoric archaeological traditions of the American Southwest. ...
Cliff Palace, Mesa Verde National Park White House Ruins, Canyon de Chelly National Monument Ancient Pueblo People or Ancestral Puebloans are terms preferred by some modern archaeologists for the cultural group of people often known as Anasazi, the ancestors of the modern Pueblo peoples. ...
Mogollon origins remain a matter of speculation. One model holds that the Mogollon emerged from a preceding "Desert Archaic" tradition that links Mogollon ancestry with the first (late Pleistocene) prehistoric human occupations of area (around 9000 BC). In this model, cultural distinctions emerged in the larger region when populations grew great enough to establish villages and even larger communities. An alternative possibility holds that the Mogollon were descendants of early farmers who migrated from farming regions in central Mexico around 3500 BC, and who displaced descendants of the antecedent Desert Archaic peoples.
Mimbres culture Mimbres may, depending on its context, refer to a subregion of the Mogollon culture area (the Mimbres branch) or to an interval of time, the Classic Mimbres phase (A.D. 1000-1150, roughly) within the Mimbres branch.
The Mimbres branch is a subset of the larger Mogollon culture area, centered in the Mimbres Valley and encompassing the upper Gila river and parts of the upper San Francisco river in southwestern New Mexico and southeastern Arizona. Differentiation between the Mimbres branch and other areas of the Mogollon culture area is most apparent during the Three Circle (A.D. 825-1000 roughly) and Classic Mimbres (A.D. 1000-1150) phases, when architectural construction and black and white painted pottery assume locally distinctive forms and styles. Classic Mimbres phase pottery is particularly famous pottery, and Classic Mimbres pottery designs were duplicated on Santa Fe Railroad dinnerware during the early 20th century. Prior to the coming of Europeans, the peoples of both the North and South American continents had a wide variety of pottery traditions. ...
Classic Mimres phase pueblos can be quite large, with some comprised of clusters of compounds or roomblocks, each containing up to 150 rooms, and grouped around an open plaza. Ceremonial structures were more similar to those of the larger Mogollon culture, with semi-subterranean kivas with entry ramps and ceremonial offerings buried under the floor. Smaller square or rectangular kivas with roof openings are also found. The largest Classic Mimbres sites are located near wide areas of well-watered floodplain suitable for maize agriculture, although smaller villages exist in upland areas. Reconstructed kiva at Bandelier National Monument. ...
The pottery produced by the Mimbres subculture, often finely painted bowls, is distinct in style and is decorated by geometric and figurative drawings of animals, people and cultural icons in black paint on a white background. Many of these images suggest familiarity and relationships with cultures in northern and central Mexico. The elaborate decoration indicates that these people enjoyed an elaborate ceremonial life. Classic Mimbres Black-on-white pottery includes geometric decoration and sometimes figures of animals, humans, or other images surrounded by geometric decoration. Birds figure prominently on Mimbres pots, with images such as turkeys feeding on insects or a man trapping birds in a garden. Mimbres bowls are often found associated with burials, typically with a hole punched out of the center as part of burial practices. Some Mimbres bowls have been found covering the face of the interred person. Wear marks on the insides of bowls show they were actually used, not just produced as burial items. Interestingly, most Classic Mimbres sites contain very few pottery vessels or items from other culture areas, suggesting that despite the cultural links shown in Mimbres iconography, trading such items with more distant neighbors was not considered important in this period.
Mimbres pottery is so distinctive that until fairly recently, the end of its production around A.D. 1130 was equated with the "disappearance" of the people who made it. More recent research indicates that substantial depopulation did occur in the Mimbres Valley, but some remnant populations persisted there. Both there and in surrounding areas, people changed their pottery styles to more closely resemble those of neighboring culture areas, and dispersed into other residential sites with different types of architecture.
Geographic location
 A map showing the extent of Mogollon occupation. The Mogollon settled high-altitude desert areas in what is today New Mexico, Sonora, Chihuahua and western Texas. The Mogollon were, initially, foragers who augmented their subsistence efforts by farming. Through the first millennium A.D., however, dependence of farming probably increased. Water control features are common among Mimbres branch sites from the 10th through 12 centuries. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
Capital Santa Fe Largest city Albuquerque Area Ranked 5th - Total 121,665 sq mi (315,194 km²) - Width 342 miles (550 km) - Length 370 miles (595 km) - % water 0. ...
Sonora is a state in northwestern Mexico, bordering the states of Chihuahua to the east, Sinaloa to the south, and Baja California to the northwest. ...
For other uses, see Chihuahua (disambiguation). ...
Official language(s) No Official Language See languages of Texas Capital Austin Largest city Houston Area Ranked 2nd - Total 261,797 sq mi (678,051 km²) - Width 773 miles (1,244 km) - Length 790 miles (1,270 km) - % water 2. ...
The nature and density of Mogollon residential villages changed through time. The earliest Mogollon villages are little more than hamlets comprised of several pit-houses (houses excavated into the ground surface, with stick and thatch roofs supported by a network of posts and beams, and faced on the exterior with earth). Village sizes increase through time, however, and in the 11th century surface pueblos (ground level dwellings made with rock and earth walls, and with roofs supported by post and beam networks) were common. Cliff Dwellings become common during the 13th and 14th centuries.
Archeological record Archaeological sites along attributed to the Mogollon culture are found in the Gila Wilderness, Mimbres River Valley, along the Upper Gila river, Paquime and Hueco Tanks, an area of low mountains between the Franklin Mountains to the west and the Hueco Mountains to the east. Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument in southwestern New Mexico was established as a national monument on 16 November 1907. It contains several archaeological sites attributed to the Mimbres branch. At the headwaters of the Gila, Mimbres populations adjoined another more northern branch of the Mogollon culture. The TJ Ruin, for example, is a Classic Mimbres phase pueblo, however the cliff dwellings are Tularosa phase. The name Hueco Tanks has been also given to an historic site, approximately 32 miles (51.5 km) northeast of El Paso, Texas. The site is culturally and spiritually significant to many American Indians, partially due to the pictographs that can be found throughout the region, many of which are thousands of years old. Gila Wilderness was designated the worlds first wilderness area on 1924-06-03 and covers a total of 558,014 acres (2258 km²).[1] Along with Aldo Leopold Wilderness and Blue Range Wilderness, it is part of New Mexicos Gila National Forest. ...
Casas Grandes (Great Houses), a small village in Mexico, in the state of Chihuahua, situated on the Casas Grandes or San Miguel river, about 35 m. ...
Hueco Tanks is an area of low mountains in Texas, USA. It is located in a high-altitude desert basin between the Franklin Mountains to the west and the Hueco Mountains to the east. ...
Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument in southwestern New Mexico was established as a national monument November 16, 1907. ...
Nickname: Star of the Southwest, The Sun City, and Land of the Sun Location in the state of Texas Coordinates: County El Paso County Government - Mayor John Cook Area - City 250. ...
Native Americans, the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States, including parts of Alaska. ...
Pictogram for public toilets A pictogram or pictograph is a symbol which represents an object or a concept by illustration. ...
Descendants The area originally settled by the Mogollon culture was eventually filled by the unrelated Apache people, who moved in from the north. However, the modern Pueblo people in the Southwest claim descent from the Mogollon and related cultures, although these people generally assert that their descent was from more than one group and location. Archaeologists believe that the Western Pueblo villages of the Hopi and Zuni are very likely related to the Mogollon. It has been suggested that Traditional Apache scout be merged into this article or section. ...
Hopi woman dressing hair of unmarried girl. ...
The Zuni (also spelled Zuñi) or Ashiwi are a Native American tribe, one of the Pueblo peoples, most of whom live in the Pueblo of Zuñi on the Zuni River, a tributary of the Little Colorado River, in western New Mexico. ...
See also The Mogollon Rim is a topographical and geological feature running across Arizona, extending approximately 400 miles (650 km) from northern Yavapai County eastward to the Mogollon Mountains in southwest New Mexico. ...
Oasisamerica was a broad cultural area in pre-Columbian North America. ...
Casas Grandes (Great Houses), a small village in Mexico, in the state of Chihuahua, situated on the Casas Grandes or San Miguel river, about 35 m. ...
The term Patayan is used by archaeologists to describe prehistoric and historic Native American cultures that inhabited parts of modern day Arizona, California and Baja California, including areas near the Colorado River Valley, the nearby uplands, and north to the vicinity of the Grand Canyon, between AD 700-1550. ...
A map showing the extent of three distinct cultures within the American Southwest. ...
References - Brody, J.J., Steven Le Blanc and Catherine J. Scott. Mimbres Pottery: Ancient Art of the American Southwest. Hudson Hills Press, New York, 1983.
- Fagan, Brian M. Ancient North America: The Archaeology of a Continent. Thames and Hudson Ltd., London, 1995. ISBN 0-500-05075-9.
- Fewkes, J. Walter. The Mimbres: Art and Archaeology. Avanyu Publishing, Albuquerque, New Mexico, republished 1993. ISBN 0-936755-10-5.
- Lekson, Stephen H. Archaeology of the Mimbres Region, Southwestern New Mexico. BAR International Series 1466. Archaeopress, Oxford, 2006.
- Nelson, Margaret C. Abandonment, Continuity, and Reorganization: Mimbres During the 12th Century. University of Arizona Press, Tucson, 1999.
- Noble, David Grant. Ancient Ruins of the Southwest. Northland Publishing Company, Flagstaff, Arizona, 1995. ISBN 0-87358-530-5.
- Powell-Marti, Valli S., and Patricia A. Gilman. Mimbres Society. Univeristy of Arizona Press, Tucson, 2006.
- Plog, Stephen. Ancient Peoples of the American Southwest. Thames and Hudson, London, England, 1997. ISBN 0-500-27939-X.
Jesse Walter Fewkes, (1850-1930), was an American anthropologist, archaeologist, writer and naturalist. ...
Stephen Plog is a notable American archaeologist and anthropologist, who specializes in the pre-Columbian cultures of the American Southwest. ...
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