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Mohamed Elamir awad al-Sayed Atta Karadogan
Born	September 1, 1968 Kafr El Sheikh, Egypt
Died	September 11, 2001, (aged 33) New York City, United States

Mohamed Atta (محمد عطا السيد transliteration: Muhammad `Ata as-Sayyid) (September 1, 1968 – September 11, 2001) was a terrorist who participated in the hijacking of American Airlines Flight 11, the first plane to crash into the World Trade Center during the September 11, 2001 attacks. Atta is suspected of using numerous aliases during his lifetime, including Mehan Atta, Mohammed Atta, Mohammad El Amir, Mohamed El Sayed, Muhammad Muhammad Al Amir Awag Al Sayyid Atta, and Muhammad Muhammad Al-Amir Awad Al Sayad, although the will that he wrote in 1996 gives his name as "Mohamed son of Mohamed Elamir awad Elsayed." Image File history File links Broom_icon. ... Image File history File links Mohamed_Atta. ... is the 244th day of the year (245th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Egypt. ... Kafr El Sheikh (Arabic: ‎) is the capital of Kafr El Sheikh Governorate, Egypt. ... is the 254th day of the year (255th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... Due to the fact that the Arabic language has a number of phonemes that have no equivalent in English or other European languages, a number of different transliteration methods have been invented to represent certain Arabic characters, due to various conflicting goals. ... is the 244th day of the year (245th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 254th day of the year (255th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... Flight 11 redirects here. ... “WTC” redirects here. ... A sequential look at United Flight 175 crashing into the south tower of the World Trade Center The September 11, 2001 attacks (often referred to as 9/11—pronounced nine eleven or nine one one) consisted of a series of coordinated terrorist[1] suicide attacks upon the United States, predominantly...

Early life

Mohamed Atta in a University photo

Atta was born on September 1, 1968 in Kafr el Sheikh, a city in the Nile Delta in Egypt,^[1] and also carried a Saudi passport. He grew up in a strict family in Giza, a suburb of Cairo, Egypt.^[1] Atta's father wished his children to be all well-educated. From childhood, Atta spent most of his time staying home and studying. He performed well in his studies and graduated with a degree in architecture from Cairo University. He was apparently not particularly religious during this period. Image File history File links Atta-Uni. ... Image File history File links Atta-Uni. ... is the 244th day of the year (245th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Gizeh is also a popular brand in Germany of cigarette rolling papers; see Mascotte (rolling papers). ... For other uses, see Cairo (disambiguation). ... This article is about building architecture. ... Cairo University, the biggest in Africa Cairo University (formerly Fouad the First University) is an institute of higher education located in Giza, Egypt. ...

In 1992, Atta moved to Germany, where he was registered as a student of urban planning at the Technical University of Hamburg-Harburg in Hamburg, and remained there until graduating in 1999.^[2] There are other reports that Atta attended Valencia School of Medicine in Spain during this period, though these may be a case of mistaken identity.^[3] Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg is a technical university in Harburg, a suburb of Hamburg, Germany. ... This article is about the city in Germany. ...

Carl Duisberg Gesellschaft, a "German international further education organization", sponsored two Middle-East trips by Atta in 1994 and 1995, and employed him as a "tutor" and "seminar participant" in 1996 and 1997. The organization is/was the German front for a joint US-German government program, the "Congress-Bundestag" program. The US end of the program is/was CDS (Carl Duisberg Society) International, run out of the United Nations Plaza in New York. It is/was backed by such figures as former Secretary of State Henry Kissinger, David Rockefeller, former President Bill Clinton and his former First Lady Hillary Clinton.^[4] Look up Congress in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Type Lower house President of the Bundestag Dr. Norbert Lammert, CDU since October 18, 2005 Members 614 Political groups (as of September 18, 2005 elections) Christian Democratic Union/Christian Social Union of Bavaria Bloc (226), Social Democratic Party of Germany (222), Free Democratic Party (61), The Left Party. ... Henry Alfred Kissinger (born Heinz Alfred Kissinger on May 27, 1923) is a German-born American diplomat, and 1973 Nobel Peace Prize laureate. ... William Jefferson Bill Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III[1] on August 19, 1946) was the 42nd President of the United States, serving from 1993 to 2001. ... Hillary Clinton Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton (born October 26, 1947), was First Lady of the United States from 1993 to 2001, as the wife of President Bill Clinton. ...

In Hamburg, Atta worked on a thesis exploring the history of Aleppo's urban landscapes and was invited to Aleppo by his professor Dittmar Machule for a three-day archeological visit.^[5] It explored the general themes of the conflict between Arab civilization and modernity. Atta criticized how the modern skyscrapers and development projects in Aleppo were disrupting the fabric of that city by blocking community streets and altering the skyline. There were reports that he worked as a car salesman while studying.^[6] Aleppo (or Halab Arabic: , ) is a city in northern Syria, capital of the Aleppo Governorate. ... Aleppo (or Halab Arabic: , ) is a city in northern Syria, capital of the Aleppo Governorate. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... For other uses, see Skyline (disambiguation). ...

In Germany, Atta was registered as a citizen of the United Arab Emirates. His German friends describe him as an intelligent man with religious beliefs who grew angry over the Western policy toward the Middle East, including the Oslo Accords and the Gulf War. MSNBC in its special "The Making of the Death Pilots" interviewed German friend Ralph Bodenstein who traveled, worked and talked a lot with Mohamed Atta. Bodenstein said, "He was most imbued [sic] actually about Israeli politics in the region and about U.S. protection of these Israeli politics in the region. And he was to a degree personally suffering from that." Yitzhak Rabin, Bill Clinton, and Yasser Arafat during the Oslo Accords on September 13, 1993. ... For other uses, see Iraq war (disambiguation). ... MSNBC, a combination of MSN and NBC, is a 24-hour cable news channel in the United States and Canada, and a news website. ...

The 9/11 Commission Report states that "In his interactions with other students [in Germany], Atta voiced virulently anti-Semitic and anti-American opinions, ranging from condemnations of what he described as a global Jewish movement centered in New York City that supposedly controlled the financial world and the media, to polemics against governments of the Arab world. To him, Saddam Hussein was an American stooge set up to give Washington an excuse to intervene in the Middle East," (p.161). The cover of the final 9/11 report 9/11 Commission Report, formally titled Final Report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States, is the official report of the events leading up to the September 11, 2001 attacks. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Anti-American sentiment is a hostility towards or disapproval of the government, culture, history, and/or people of the United States of America. ... For other uses, see Jew (disambiguation). ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... Languages Arabic and other minority languages Religions Islam, Christianity, Druzism and Judaism An Arab (Arabic: , arabi) is a member of a complexly defined ethnic group who identifies as such on the basis of one or more of either genealogical, political, or linguistic grounds. ... Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti (28 April 1937 – 30 December 2006) was the fifth President of Iraq and Chairman of the Iraqi Revolutionary Command Council from 1979 until his overthrow by US forces in 2003. ... A map showing countries commonly considered to be part of the Middle East The Middle East is a region comprising the lands around the southern and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Sea, a territory that extends from the eastern Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf. ...

While in Germany, Atta became more and more religious, especially after a pilgrimage to Mecca in 1995. A German terrorist of Syrian origin, Mohammed Haydar Zammar, claims he met Atta at this time and recruited him into al-Qaeda. Atta started attending an Islamic prayer group at the university, and is thought to have been recruited for fundamentalist causes there. Other students remember him making strident anti-American and anti-Semitic statements. That year he also made an unconditional loan of $25,000 to help Muharrem Acar start up a Turkish bakery. This article is about the city in Saudi Arabia. ... Mohammed Haydar Zammar recruited Muslims for al-Qaida membership, reportedly including many of the 9/11 hijackers. ... Al-Qaeda (Arabic: القاعدة, the foundation or the base) is the name given to a worldwide network of militant Islamist organizations under the leadership of Osama bin Laden. ... Anti-American sentiment is a hostility towards or disapproval of the government, culture, history, and/or people of the United States of America. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... A loan is a type of debt. ...

In a visit home to Egypt in 1998, his former friends noticed that he had become much more of a religious fundamentalist than he had been before.

Al-Qaeda involvement

Prosecution trial exhibits from the trial of Zacarias Moussaoui

According to the FBI, on November 1, 1998, Atta moved into an apartment in Germany with the alleged terrorists Said Bahaji and Ramzi Binalshibh. The Hamburg cell was born at this apartment.^[7] They met three or four times a week to discuss their anti-American feelings and to plot possible attacks. Many al-Qaeda members lived in this apartment at various times, including hijacker Marwan al-Shehhi, Zakariya Essabar, hijacker Waleed al-Shehri, and others. In all, 29 men listed the apartment as their home address while Atta's name was on the lease. The 9/11 mastermind Khalid Sheikh Mohammed visited the apartment repeatedly. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2230x3035, 1456 KB) Summary United States v. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2230x3035, 1456 KB) Summary United States v. ... This article or section needs copy editing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone and/or spelling. ... is the 305th day of the year (306th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar). ... Said Bahaji is an at-large al-Qaida member, wanted for his role in the September 11 attacks. ... Wikisource has original text related to this article: CSRT Summary of Evidence memo for Ramzi Binalshibh Ramzi Binalshibh (Arabic: رمزي بن الشيبة; also transliterated as Ramzi bin al-Shibh, Ramzi bin al-Shaibah, and several other ways; born May 1, 1972[2]), is a citizen of Yemen and according to the United States... The Hamburg cell was, according to U.S. and German intelligence agencies, a group of radical Islamists that included students who eventually came to be key operatives in the 9/11 attacks. ... Marwan Yousef al-Shehhi (Arabic: مروان الشحي, also transliterated Alshehhi[1]) was named by the FBI as the suicide pilot aboard United Airlines flight 175 which crashed into the second World Trade Center tower on September 11, 2001. ... Zakariyah Essabar is a known member of al-Qaida Zakariyah Essabar (Arabic: زكريا الصبار) is, according to the governments of the United States, Germany, and other countries, a member of al-Qaida and an associate of many of the organizers of... Waleed M. al-Shehri (Arabic: الشهري, also transliterated Alshehri) was named by the FBI as a hijacker of American Airlines Flight 11 from Boston to Los Angeles that crashed into the World Trade Center as part of the September 11, 2001 attacks. ... Khalid Sheikh Mohammed: Prosecution Exhibit from the trial of Zacarias Moussaoui Wikisource has original text related to this article: CSRT Summary of Evidence memo for Khalid Sheikh Mohammed Khalid Sheikh Mohammed (Arabic: خالد شيخ محمد; also transliterated as Khalid Shaikh Mohammed, inter alia, and additionally known by as many as twenty-seven aliases...

In late 1999, Atta, al-Shehhi, Jarrah, Bahaji, and Binalshibh decided to travel to Chechnya to fight against the Russians, but were convinced by Khalid al-Masri and Mohamedou Ould Slahi at the last minute to change their plans. They instead traveled to Afghanistan to meet with Osama bin Laden and train for terrorist attacks. The information above is related to intense surveillance of the Marienstrasse apartment and telephone surveillance by the CIA and the German Verfassungsschutz. The Chechen Republic (IPA: ; Russian: , Chechenskaya Respublika; Chechen: , Noxçiyn Respublika), or, informally, Chechnya (; Russian: ; Chechen: , Noxçiyçö), sometimes referred to as Ichkeria, Chechnia, Chechenia or Noxçiyn, is a federal subject of Russia. ... Khalid al-Masri (Arabic: خالد المصري, sometimes transliterated Almasri) is a member of al-Qaida who was instrumental in persuading some of the organizers of the September 11, 2001 attacks to go to Afghanistan, and to therefore meet with Osama bin Laden... Mohamedou Ould Slahi (Arabic: محمد ولد صلاحي, transliterated Muhammad walad Salahi, also used the alias أبو مصعب, transliterated Abu Musab) (c. ... The CIA Seal The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is an American intelligence agency, responsible for obtaining and analyzing information about foreign governments, corporations, and individuals, and reporting such information to the various branches of the U.S. Government. ... Verfassungsschutz (Constitution Protection) is the short name for any of Germanys federal and state-based secret services for the interior. ...

On November 29, 1999, Mohamed Atta boarded Turkish Airlines Flight TK1662 from Hamburg to Istanbul, where he changed to flight TK1056 to Karachi, Pakistan.^[8] Atta took at least a couple of days to reach his final destination, an al-Qaeda training camp in Tarnak Farms, near Kandahar, Afghanistan. is the 333rd day of the year (334th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... Turkish Airlines (Turkish Türk Hava Yolları) (THY) is the national airline of Turkey based in Istanbul. ... This article is about the city in Germany. ... Istanbul (Turkish: , Greek: , historically Byzantium and later Constantinople; see other names) is Turkeys most populous city, and its cultural and financial center. ... Mausoleum of Muhammed Ali Jinnah, known locally as Quaid-e-Azam ka Mazaar or Mazaar-e-Quaid Karachi (کراچي) is the largest city of Pakistan and the capital of the province of Sindh. ... Tarnak Farms refers to a former Al Qaeda training camp near Kandahar, Afghanistan. ... This article is about the city in Afghanistan. ...

German investigators said that they had evidence that Mohamed Atta trained at al-Qaeda camps in Afghanistan from late 1999 to early 2000. The timing of the Afghanistan training was outlined on August 23, 2002 by a senior investigator. The investigator, Klaus Ulrich Kersten, director of Germany's federal anticrime agency, the Bundeskriminalamt, provided the first official confirmation that Atta and two other pilots had been in Afghanistan and the first dates of the training. Kersten said in an interview at the agency's headquarters in Wiesbaden, Germany, that Atta was in Afghanistan from late 1999 until early 2000. This has recently (as of October 2006) been confirmed by the finding of a videotape showing Atta in Afghanistan reading his will on January 18, 2000.^[9] is the 235th day of the year (236th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... The Bundeskriminalamt, or BKA (in English, Federal Criminal Office, or Federal Criminal Bureau), is a federal police agency in both Germany and Austria. ... Wiesbaden is a city in central Germany. ... is the 18th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full 2000 Gregorian calendar). ...

On his return journey, Atta left Karachi on February 24, 2000 by flight TK1057 to Istanbul where he changed to flight TK1661 to Hamburg.^[10]   (Urdu: , Sindhi: ) is the largest city in Pakistan and is the provincial capital of Sindh province. ... is the 55th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full 2000 Gregorian calendar). ... Istanbul (Turkish: , Greek: , historically Byzantium and later Constantinople; see other names) is Turkeys most populous city, and its cultural and financial center. ... This article is about the city in Germany. ...

In addition, Atta was trained in passport alteration. Immediately after returning to Germany, Atta, al-Shehhi, and Jarrah reported their passports stolen, possibly to erase travel visas to Afghanistan.

During a visit to the Philippines, they stayed at a popular resort hotel, dined at a restaurant that specializes in Middle Eastern cuisine and visited at least one of the local flight schools.^[11]

Atta and the other hijackers began to work on appearing more mainstream, shaving their beards and avoiding known radicals. Starting in 2000, the CIA placed Atta under surveillance in Germany. He was trailed by CIA agents, and was observed buying large quantities of chemicals.^[12][13][14] “CIA” redirects here. ...

In late spring 2000, before coming to the United States, Atta first went to Prague, Czech Republic via plane but was turned away because he did not have a valid visa. He went back to Germany on the first flight, obtained a visa in Bonn and then returned to Prague by bus. He stayed just one night in Prague that time, and left for the United States the next day. Prague (Praha in Czech) is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic. ... Bonn is the 19th largest city in Germany, located about 20 kilometres south of Cologne on the river Rhine in the Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia. ...

Once he entered the United States on June 3, 2000, through Newark, New Jersey, the CIA says its surveillance of Atta ended. It is unclear whether the FBI or some other intelligence agency monitored Atta's activities in the United States. is the 154th day of the year (155th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full 2000 Gregorian calendar). ... Nickname: Map of Newark in Essex County County Essex Founded/Incorporated 1666/1836 Government  - Mayor Cory Booker, term of office 2006–2010 Area [1]  - City 67. ... F.B.I. and FBI redirect here. ...

In the United States

While in the United States, Atta was reported as owning a red 1989 Pontiac.^[15]

1990s

Newsweek reported that "U.S. military sources have given the FBI information that suggests five of the alleged hijackers of the planes used in Tuesday's terror attacks received training at secure U.S. military installations in the 1990s." Knight Ridder's news account was more specific which said Mohamed Atta had attended International Officers School at Maxwell Air Force Base in Montgomery, Ala. In addition, Abdulaziz Alomari had attended Aerospace Medical School at Brooks Air Force base in Texas, they reported, and Saeed Alghamdi had been to the Defense Language Institute in Monterrey, California. "Officials stressed that the name matches may not necessarily mean the students were the hijackers because of discrepancies in ages in other personal data. Some of the FBI suspects had names similar to those used by foreign alumni of U.S. military courses," said the Air Force in a statement. "However, discrepancies in their biographical data, such as birth dates 20 years off, indicate we are probably not talking about the same people." The birth date of the Mohamed Atta who attended International Officers School at Maxwell Air Force Base has not been released and many have pointed to the failure of the Air Force to produce a separate birth date as proof of a match.

2000

In March 2000, while still in Germany, Atta contacted 31 different U.S. flight schools to discuss training to fly planes.

Atta traveled to Prague, stayed overnight, and then entered the U.S. on June 3. Atta and other hijackers who had arrived earlier opened bank accounts and continued to check on flight schools. Nickname: Motto: Praga Caput Rei publicae Location within the Czech Republic Coordinates: , Country Czech Republic Region Capital City of Prague Founded 9th century Government  - Mayor Pavel Bém Area  - City 496 km²  (191. ... is the 154th day of the year (155th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

In July, Atta and Marwan al-Shehhi enrolled at Huffman Aviation in Venice, Florida. Atta claimed to be of royal Saudi descent and presented al-Shehhi as his bodyguard. Marwan Yousef al-Shehhi (Arabic: مروان الشحي, also transliterated Alshehhi[1]) was named by the FBI as the suicide pilot aboard United Airlines flight 175 which crashed into the second World Trade Center tower on September 11, 2001. ... Dekkers poses with the INS records Huffman Aviation is a flight-training school owned by Wally Hilliard and the Dutch Rudi Dekkers, in Venice, Florida. ... Venice is a city in Sarasota County, Florida, United States. ...

Both earned their instrument certificates from the FAA in November. On November 5th, Atta purchased flight deck videos for Boeing 747-200 and Boeing 757-200 models from Sporty's Pilot Shop in Batavia, Ohio. “FAA” redirects here. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The Boeing 747, commonly nicknamed the Jumbo Jet, is a long-haul, widebody commercial airliner manufactured by Boeing. ... The Boeing 757 is an American short to medium range commercial passenger aircraft manufactured by Boeing Commercial Airplanes. ... Batavia is a village in Clermont County, Ohio, United States. ...

On December 11th, Atta purchased additional flight deck videos for Airbus A320 and Boeing 767-300ER models from the same store in Ohio. On December 21st, both Atta and Marwan were granted their pilot licenses. On the 26th or 27th, Atta and Marwan abandoned a Piper Cherokee that had stalled on the runway of Miami International Airport. On the 29th, Atta and Marwan went to the Opa-Locka Airport and practiced on a Boeing 727 simulator. The Airbus A320 family of short-to-medium range commercial passenger aircraft are manufactured by Airbus S.A.S.. Family members include the A318, A319, A320, and A321, as well as the ACJ business jet. ... Air Canada Boeing 767-200 British Airways Boeing 767-300 The Boeing 767 is a commercial passenger airplane manufactured by Boeing Commercial Airplanes. ... Piper PA-28 Cherokee 180E Cherokee is the common name for the Pipers PA-28 family of aircraft models, which received its type certificate from the FAA in 1960 and is still under production by Piper Aircraft. ... Destinations with direct service from Miami Miami International Airport (IATA: MIA, ICAO: KMIA, FAA LID: MIA) is a public airport located eight miles (13 km) northwest of the central business district of Miami, in unincorporated Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States. ... Opa-Locka Airport (IATA: OPF, ICAO: KOPF) is a general aviation airport located in Opa-Locka, Florida and 12 miles northwest of Miami, Florida. ... The Boeing 727 is a mid-size, narrow-body, three-engine commercial jet airliner. ...

2001

Atta's driver's license

Atta's cellphone was recorded phoning the Moroccan embassy in Washington on January 2, just before al-Shehhi flew to the country. Atta flew to Spain on January 4, 2001 to coordinate with Binalshibh and returned to the U.S. on January 10, 2001. Image File history File links AttasFLDriversLic. ... Image File history File links AttasFLDriversLic. ... is the 2nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 4th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 10th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ...

While in the United States he traveled to Lawrenceville, Georgia to visit his brother , where he and al-Shehhi attended a Gold's Health Club. During that time Atta flew out of Briscoe Field in Lawrenceville with a pilot, and Atta and either the pilot or al-Shehhi flew around the Atlanta area. They lived in the area for several months. On April 3, Atta and al-Shehhi rented a postal box in Virginia Beach, Virginia. The Historic Lawrenceville Courthouse Lawrenceville is the county seat of Gwinnett County, Georgia, in the United States. ... is the 93rd day of the year (94th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Location in the Commonwealth o Virginia. ...

On April 11, Atta and al-Shehhi rented an apartment in Coral Springs, Florida, and assisted with the arrival of the muscle hijackers. On April 16 Atta was given a citation for not having a valid driver's license, and began steps to get one. is the 101st day of the year (102nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Coordinates: Country United States State Florida County Broward Government  - Type Commission-Manager  - Mayor Scott J. Brook Area  - City  24. ... is the 106th day of the year (107th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... A citation or bibliographic citation is a reference to a book, article, web page, or other published item with sufficient detail to identify the item uniquely. ...

On May 2, Atta received his driver's license in Lauderdale Lakes, Florida. May 2 is the 122nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (123rd in leap years). ... Location of Lauderdale Lakes in Broward County in State of Florida Lauderdale Lakes is a city in Broward County, Florida, United States. ...

Prague controversy

Further information: Atta in Prague

In the months following the September 11th attacks, officials at the Czech Interior Ministry asserted that Atta made a trip to Prague on 8 April 2001 to meet with an Iraqi intelligence agent named Ahmed Khalil Ibrahim Samir al-Ani. This piece of information was passed on to the FBI as "unevaluated raw intelligence".^[16]. Intelligence officials have concluded that such a meeting did not occur.^{[citation needed]} In the Czech Republic, some intelligence officials say the source of the purported meeting was an Arab informant who approached the Czech intelligence service with his sighting of Atta only after Atta's photograph had appeared in newspapers all over the world. It is possible that the informant mistook another man for Atta, and the consensus of investigators has concluded that Atta never attended a meeting in Prague.^{[citation needed]} Atta in Prague refers to allegations of a meeting between September 11 hijacker Mohamed Atta and Iraqi consulate Ahmad Samir al-Ani in April 2001. ... April 8 is the 98th day of the year (99th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is a federal criminal investigative, intelligence agency, and the primary investigative arm of the United States Department of Justice (DOJ). ...

Summer 2001 summit in Spain

On June 27, Atta flew from Fort Lauderdale to Boston, Massachusetts, where he spent a day, and then continued on to San Francisco for a short time, and from there to Las Vegas. On June 28, Atta arrived at McCarran International Airport in Las Vegas to meet with the three other pilots. He rented a Chevrolet Malibu from an Alamo Rent A Car agency. It is not known where he stayed that night, but on the 29th he registered at the EconoLodge at 1150 South Las Vegas Boulevard. Here he presented an AAA membership for a discount, and paid cash for the $49.50/night room. During his trip to Las Vegas, he is thought to have used a video camera that he had rented from a Select Photo outlet back in Delray Beach, Florida.^[17] is the 178th day of the year (179th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Fort Lauderdale, known as the Venice of America, is a city located in Broward County, Florida. ... “Boston” redirects here. ... This page is a candidate for speedy deletion. ... Vegas redirects here. ... is the 179th day of the year (180th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... FAA diagram of McCarran International Airport “LAS” redirects here. ... It has been suggested that Chevrolet Classic be merged into this article or section. ... Alamo Rent A Car is a car rental agency. ... Las Vegas Boulevard is the current name for a road that has a historic past. ... The AAA logo AAA (read triple-A), also known by its historic name of the American Automobile Association, is a non-profit automobile lobby group and service organization based in Orlando, Florida, United States. ... A video camera is a camera used for electronic motion picture acquisition, initially developed by the television industry but now common in other applications as well. ... The Delray School, built in 1913, now houses the Cornell Museum, part of Old School Square in Delray Beach. ...

Atta left again in July 2001 for Spain to meet with Binalshibh for the last time. On July 7, 2001, Atta flew from Tampa via Miami to Madrid, via Switzerland. is the 188th day of the year (189th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... Tampas skyline For alternate meanings, see Tampa (disambiguation) Tampa is a city located in Hillsborough County on the west coast of Florida. ... This article is about the city in Florida. ... Motto: (Spanish for From Madrid to Heaven) Location Coordinates: , Country Spain Autonomous Community Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid Province Madrid Administrative Divisions 21 Neighborhoods 127 Founded 9th century Government  - Mayor Alberto Ruiz-Gallardón Jimémez (PP) Area  - Land 607 km² (234. ...

On July 8, Atta was recorded withdrawing 1000 Swiss francs from an ATM, and using his credit card to purchase two swiss army knives and some chocolate in an airport shop in Zurich, Switzerland. After the stopover in Zurich, he arrived in Madrid the next morning. is the 189th day of the year (190th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... ISO 4217 Code CHF User(s) Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Campione dItalia Inflation 1. ... “Cash machine” redirects here. ... A Swiss army knife with its implements in various stages of extension A Swiss Army knife (SAK), (German: , French: ) is a multi-function pocket knife or multitool. ... For other uses, see Chocolate (disambiguation). ... General view showing Grossmünster church. ...

On July 9 Atta disembarked Iberia Airlines Flight 656 at Madrid Airport. is the 190th day of the year (191st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Iberia Líneas Aéreas de España, S.A., (IBEX-35:IBLA) (Iberia Airlines of Spain in English), usually shortened to Iberia, is the largest airline of Spain, based in Madrid. ... Airport Interior Passengers ready to board Madrid Barajas International Airport (IATA: MAD, ICAO: LEMD), located in Madrid (40° 28′ 20″ N, 3° 33′ 39″ W), is Spains most important international and domestic getaway center. ...

He spent up to five hours at the airport, then checked into a hotel in Barajas, a town near the airport. Atta was accompanied by a 41-year-old man who registered under the name Iqbal Afzal Admat and showed an Irish passport. Hotel records indicate they made lengthy phone calls to Hamburg, Germany and Manchester, England. ... This article is about the City of Manchester in England. ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ...

On the morning of July 9, 2001, Mohamed Atta then rented a silver Hyundai and drove east out of Madrid toward the Mediterranean beach area of Tarragona, a ribbon of resorts crowded with vacationers. is the 190th day of the year (191st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... South Korean business tycoon Chung Ju-yung, founder and honorary chairman of Hyundai Group, 1998 Hyundai refers to a group of companies founded by Chung Ju-yung in South Korea, and related organizations. ... Tarragona (IPA: in Catalan) is a city located in the south of Catalonia, northeastern Spain, by the Mediterranean Sea. ...

Atta was headed to a secret meeting to complete the planning, according to U.S. officials and a Spanish police investigation of the lead hijacker's movements. Spanish officials have said Atta drove 1,190 miles during his 12 days in Spain. He drove halfway across the country and checked into Hotel Sant Jordi in Tarragona, five miles north of Salou on the Mediterranean coast. Location of Salou The waterfront of the seaside resort, Salou The Torre Vella defence tower, Salou Salou (Greek Salauris) is a seaside resort and tourist center in Catalonia, about 10 km from Tarragona on the Costa Dorada, Spain. ...

He is thought to have met there with other hijackers Wail and Waleed al-Shehri.^[18] This photograph of Wail al-Shehri was captured by an ATM just days before the 9/11 attack. ... Waleed M. al-Shehri (Arabic: الشهري, also transliterated Alshehri) was named by the FBI as a hijacker of American Airlines Flight 11 from Boston to Los Angeles that crashed into the World Trade Center as part of the September 11, 2001 attacks. ...

As Atta drove 300 miles across the country, his old roommate in Germany, Ramzi Binalshibh, was boarding the weekly charter from the northern German city where he lived, a budget flight from Hamburg to Reus, the small airport that serves this region. This article or section is not written in the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia article. ...

The flight from Hamburg landed at 7 p.m. on July 9, 2001 and three hours later, Binalshibh, accompanied by another man, pulled up in a car outside the Hotel Monica in the coastal town of Cambrils, a coastal resort on the southern outskirts of Salou, a few miles south of the Reus airport. Atta's and Binalshibh's movements in the area were first detailed by the Spanish newspaper El País. is the 190th day of the year (191st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... Cambrils de Mar is a costal town in Tarragona province of Catalonia, Spain. ... El País (Spanish for The Country) is the most widely-circulated daily newspaper in Spain. ...

According to Pere Gomez, the hotel manager, the receptionist on duty declined to rent them a room, despite vacancies, because she didn't like the look of Binalshibh; the other man stayed in the car and the receptionist did not get a clear view of him, the hotel manager said. The two drove off to the nearby Hotel Tropicana, which was full but whose receptionist offered to call other hotels to find the pair a room. She located a double room -- back at the Hotel Monica. The two men returned and this time the receptionist gave them the room, explaining that there had been a cancellation. Binalshibh registered for the two men, Gomez said. They spent the night and checked out the next morning, July 10. is the 191st day of the year (192nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

The identity of Binalshibh's companion remains unknown to investigators, but his description matches that of Said Bahaji, a then 26-year-old German citizen of Moroccan origin, who is also wanted on an international arrest warrant issued by Germany. But a U.S. official, confirming what the hotel manager said in an interview, noted that investigators had no clear description of Binalshibh's companion, and it could also have been Atta. Atta had left Madrid in his rental car and driven cross country early the morning of July 9, but he did not check himself into any hotel in the Salou area until half a week later, July 13, 2001. Said Bahaji is an at-large al-Qaida member, wanted for his role in the September 11 attacks. ... is the 190th day of the year (191st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 194th day of the year (195th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ...

During the next six days, there is hardly any trace of either Atta or Binalshibh, only Atta's midweek visit to a travel agency in Tarragona on July 13, 2001 to book a flight back to Miami for July 19, 2001. is the 194th day of the year (195th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 200th day of the year (201st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ...

The absence of other hotel stays, signed receipts or credit card stubs has led investigators to believe that the men may have met in a safe house provided by other al-Qaeda operatives in Spain. Several clues have been found to link their stay in Spain to Syrian-born Imad Yarkas, who prosecutors say was al-Qaeda's point man in Spain. On September 27, 2005 Imad Yarkas recieved a 27-year sentence for conspiring with the 9/11 terrorist plotters. ...

After Binalshibh returned to Germany on July 16, 2001 Atta had three more days in Spain. He spent a night in Salou at the beachside Casablanca Playa hotel and the next day, because that hotel was fully booked, moved around the corner to the Hostel Montsant. is the 197th day of the year (198th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ...

During the Spain meetings, Atta and Binalshibh had coordinated the details of the attacks, but did not reach a firm agreement on all the targets or the date. They did decide that the World Trade Center would be hit, and they ruled out a strike on a nuclear plant. They also discussed the personal difficulties Atta was having with fellow hijacker Ziad Jarrah. Binalshibh was worried that Jarrah might even abandon the plan. The 9/11 Commission Report speculates that the now convicted terrorist conspirator Zacarias Moussaoui was being trained as a possible replacement for Jarrah. Ziad Samir Jarrah (Arabic: زياد سمير جراح) He is believed to have taken over as the pilot of the aircraft and made an unsuccessful attempt to crash the plane into the U.S. Capitol. ... The cover of the final 9/11 report 9/11 Commission Report, formally titled Final Report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States, is the official report of the events leading up to the September 11, 2001 attacks. ... This article or section needs copy editing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone and/or spelling. ...

August 2001 final plans in U.S.

On August 4, Atta is believed to have been at Orlando International Airport waiting to pick up suspected "20th Hijacker" Mohamed al-Kahtani from Dubai, who ended up being held by immigration as "suspicious." This person (assuming it was Atta) used a payphone at the airport to phone a number "linked to al-Qaeda" after Kahtani was denied entry.[6]. On August 23, Atta's driver license was revoked in absentia after he failed to show up in traffic court to answer the earlier citation for driving without a license.[7] On the same day, Israeli Mossad reportedly gave his name to the CIA as part of a list of 19 names they said were planning an attack in the near future. Only four of the names are known for certain - Atta, al-Shehhi, al-Mihdar and al-Hazmi.[8][9] On August 30 he was recorded purchasing a utility knife from a Wal-Mart store near the hotel where he stayed prior to 9/11. is the 216th day of the year (217th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... “KMCO” redirects here. ... Mohamed Mani Ahmad al-Kahtani (Arabic: sometimes transliterated Muhammed Al Kahtani or other ways) is a member of the terrorist group al-Qaida. ... Coordinates: , Emirate Government  - Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Area [1]  - Metro 4,114 km² (1,588. ... is the 235th day of the year (236th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For in absentia medical care, see Health care delivery. ... Traffic court is a term that refers to a municipalitys specialized judicial process for handling traffic violations. ... The CIA Seal The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is an American intelligence agency, responsible for obtaining and analyzing information about foreign governments, corporations, and individuals, and reporting such information to the various branches of the U.S. Government. ... is the 242nd day of the year (243rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

U.S. investigators say that Atta sent a package via FedEx to one Mustafa Ahmed in the United Arab Emirates on September 4, and it was received four days later. On the 8th, Atta was also recorded sending Ahmed two wire payments, first for $2,860, and then for $5000. Over the next two days, Waleed al-Shehri and Marwan al-Shehhi would also both wire Ahmed several thousand dollars. Mustafa Ahmed's identity is not known for sure, but the most persistent allegation is that it is Ahmed Omar Saeed Sheikh, currently a prisoner in Pakistan, and accused by Indian intelligence of having links to Mahmoud Ahmad, the head of Pakistan's ISI. [10] FedEx (NYSE: FDX), whose full corporate name is FedEx Corporation, is a cargo airline, printing, and courier company offering overnight courier, ground, heavy freight, document copying and logistics services. ... Mustafa Muhammad Ahmad, is the presumed alias of a terrorist operative who is believed to have provided funds to Mohammed Atta, the suspected hijack ringleader in the September 11, 2001 attacks. ... is the 247th day of the year (248th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... A wire transfer is a method of transferring of funds from one entity to another. ... Waleed M. al-Shehri (Arabic: الشهري, also transliterated Alshehri) was named by the FBI as a hijacker of American Airlines Flight 11 from Boston to Los Angeles that crashed into the World Trade Center as part of the September 11, 2001 attacks. ... Marwan Yousef al-Shehhi (Arabic: مروان الشحي, also transliterated Alshehhi[1]) was named by the FBI as the suicide pilot aboard United Airlines flight 175 which crashed into the second World Trade Center tower on September 11, 2001. ... Mustafa Muhammad Ahmad, is the presumed alias of a terrorist operative who is believed to have provided funds to Mohammed Atta, the suspected hijack ringleader in the September 11, 2001 attacks. ... Ahmed Omar Saeed Sheikh (Arabic: احمد عمر سعید شیخ) (sometimes known as Omar Sheikh, Sheikh Omar[1], Sheik Syed[2], or by the alias Mustafa Muhammad Ahmad[3]) (b. ... This article is about the Indian intelligence agency. ... Lt. ... Inter Services Intelligence or ISI refers to the Pakistani intelligence agency. ...

It is during this time Atta was seen frequenting Sun Cruz casino boats as well as being spotted with Sun Cruz co-owner Jack Abramoff according to reports made by several former Sun Cruz employees.

Atta traveled twice to Las Vegas on "surveillance flights" rehearsing how the 9/11 attacks would be carried out. Other hijackers traveled to Las Vegas at different times in the summer of 2001. Some reportedly drank alcohol, gambled, and paid strippers to perform lap dances for them. [11] Vegas redirects here. ... For the book or movie Striptease see Striptease (book) and Striptease (movie) A striptease is a performance, usually a dance, in which the performer gradually removes their clothing for the purposes of sexually arousing the audience, usually performed in nightclubs. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

Staff at Shuckum's Oyster Bar later claim that they recognized both Atta and al-Shehhi, as two of the men who had been at the restaurant on either September 7 or 8th. While there are varying stories about Atta's activities, all sources indicate that al-Shehhi drank rum and coke while talking to the others. A restaurant in Panama City Beach, Florida, Shuckums Oyster Bar & Seafood Grill was founded in 1967. ... is the 250th day of the year (251st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other meanings of Cuba Libre see Cuba libre (disambiguation) Cuba Libre The Cuba Libre (IPA /kuβ̞aliβ̞ɾe/ in Spanish, /kjuːbʌ liːbɹeɪ/ in English) is a cocktail made of Cola, lime and rum. ...

The attacks

Abdulaziz al-Omari (center) and Atta withdrawing money from an ATM

On September 10, Atta picked up al-Omari from the Milner Hotel in Boston, Massachusetts, and the two drove their rented Nissan to a Comfort Inn in Portland, Maine, where they arrived at 5:43 p.m. and spent the night in room 232 only to catch a flight back to Boston the following morning. Possibly this was done by the two men to clear airport security under less scrutiny in Maine than they would have faced at Logan Airport in Boston. It was initially reported that Adnan and Ameer Bukhari were the two hijackers who had rented and driven the car. The FBI also states that Atta made a credit-card purchase in Manhattan, New York on the 10th[12][13] An ATM security camera photo of Mohammed Atta (rear) and Abdulaziz al-Omari (front) made 9/10/2001. ... An ATM security camera photo of Mohammed Atta (rear) and Abdulaziz al-Omari (front) made 9/10/2001. ... Abdulaziz al-Omari (Arabic:عبدالعزيزالعمري, also transliterated Abdul Aziz Alomari) was named by the FBI as one of the hijackers of the first plane which was crashed into the World Trade Center in the September 11, 2001 attacks. ... is the 253rd day of the year (254th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... “Boston” redirects here. ... FBI released photo in this press release A 2001 Nissan Altima, 1n4dl01d81c212547 is the VIN of a blue rental car belonging to Alamo Rent A Car, that was found in the Portland International Jetport parking lot, following the September 11, 2001 attacks. ... A Comfort Inn and Suites in Houston, Texas Choice Hotels International (NYSE: CHH) is a hospitality holding corporation which owns several hotel brands and is based in Silver Spring in Montgomery County, Maryland. ... Nickname: Motto: Resurgam (Latin for I will rise again) Country United States State Maine County Cumberland Settled 1632 Incorporated 1786 Government  - Mayor Nicholas M. Mavodones, Jr Area  - City  52. ... Official language(s) None (English and French de facto) Capital Augusta Largest city Portland Area  Ranked 39th  - Total 33,414 sq mi (86,542 km²)  - Width 210 miles (338 km)  - Length 320 miles (515 km)  - % water 13. ... A Saudi flight engineer, Adnan Zakaria Bukhari was initially reported by CNN to be one of the hijackers aboard American Airlines Flight 11 as part of the September 11, 2001 attacks - his name was even said to have been on the flight manifest. ... A Saudi, Ameer Bukhari was initially reported by CNN to be one of the hijackers aboard American Airlines Flight 11 as part of the September 11, 2001 attacks, and was mistakenly referenced as being the brother of Adnan Bukhari - another man accused of being one of the hijackers. ... For other uses, see Manhattan (disambiguation). ...

Atta (blue shirt) and al-Omari in the Portland, Maine airport on the morning of 9/11

The two spent their last night pursuing ordinary activities: making two ATM withdrawals, and a 20-minute stop at Wal-Mart. FBI reports specified that "two middle-eastern men" were seen in the parking lot of a Pizza Hut, but despite alluding to Atta and Marwan, does not explicitly say it was them. Muhammed Atta (blue shirt) boarding a Colgan Air flight from Portland International Jetport in Portland, Maine, to Boston on the morning of 9/11/2001. ... Muhammed Atta (blue shirt) boarding a Colgan Air flight from Portland International Jetport in Portland, Maine, to Boston on the morning of 9/11/2001. ... Nickname: Motto: Resurgam (Latin for I will rise again) Country United States State Maine County Cumberland Settled 1632 Incorporated 1786 Government  - Mayor Nicholas M. Mavodones, Jr Area  - City  52. ... Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. ... Pizza Hut Inc. ...

On the morning of September 11, they drove to the Portland International Jetport, and took the 6:00 a.m. Colgan Air (U.S. Airways Express) BE-1900C flight to Logan International Airport in Boston. The two sat in the rearmost seats, next to one another. In Portland, Mohamed Atta was selected by CAPPS,^[19] which required his checked bags to undergo extra screening for explosives and involved no extra screening at the passenger security checkpoint.^[20] is the 254th day of the year (255th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... PWM logo Portland International Jetport (IATA: PWM, ICAO: KPWM) is a public airport located 2 miles (3 km) west of Portland, in Cumberland County, Maine, United States. ... Colgan Air is an American regional airline. ... US Airways Express is a brand name used by several airlines which provide feederliner service for US Airways from smaller markets in the United States, Canada, and the Bahamas to its major stations at Charlotte Douglas International Airport, Philadelphia International Airport, Pittsburgh International Airport, New York Citys LaGuardia Airport... For the Logan airport in Billings, Montana, see Billings Logan International Airport. ... “Boston” redirects here. ... The Computer Assisted Passenger Prescreening System (often abbreviated CAPPS) is a counter-terrorism system in place in the United States air travel industry. ...

The connection between the two flights at Logan Airport was within Terminal B, but the two gates were not connected within security. One must cross a parking garage before going through security once again. There are two separate concourses in Terminal B, the south concourse is mainly used by US Airways and the north one is mostly used by American Airlines. It was overlooked that there would still be security in Boston because of this distinct detail of the terminal's arrangement. FAA diagram of Logan Airport Edward Lawrence Logan International Airport, in the East Boston neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts, is one of the 20 busiest airports in the U.S., with 22 million passengers a year using its 43 airlines. ... American Airlines, Inc. ...

At the American Airlines concourse, the pair boarded American Airlines Flight 11, where Atta was checked in under the abbreviation "Moham Atta", and was seated in 8D.^{[citation needed]} At 6:45 a.m., while at the Boston airport, Atta took a call from Marwan al-Shehhi, another hijacker. This call was apparently to confirm that the attacks were ready to begin. Marwan Yousef al-Shehhi (Arabic: مروان الشحي, also transliterated Alshehhi[1]) was named by the FBI as the suicide pilot aboard United Airlines flight 175 which crashed into the second World Trade Center tower on September 11, 2001. ...

At 7:59 a.m., the plane departed from Boston, carrying 81 passengers. The plane's transponder was turned off at 8:28 a.m..[14] At 8:24:38 a.m., a voice believed to be Atta's was heard by air traffic controllers, saying: "We have some planes. Just stay quiet and you will be OK. We are returning to the airport. Nobody move, everything will be OK. If you try to make any moves you'll endanger yourself and the airplane. Just stay quiet..." [15]. An Ontario Highway 407 toll transponder In telecommunication, the term transponder (short-for Transmitter-responder and sometimes abbreviated to XPDR, XPNDR or TPDR) has the following meanings: An automatic device that receives, amplifies, and retransmits a signal on a different frequency (see also broadcast translator). ...

Seconds after American Airlines Flight 11 crashes into the World Trade Center.

Atta is believed to have been the pilot of the plane when it crashed into the north tower of the World Trade Center 23 minutes later at 8:46:40 a.m. All aboard the plane were killed. Image File history File links Seconds_after_first_plane. ... Image File history File links Seconds_after_first_plane. ... Flight 11 redirects here. ... “WTC” redirects here. ...

Because the flight from Portland to Boston had been delayed, his bags did not make it onto Flight 11. When later found by U.S. authorities, they contained airline uniforms, flight manuals, and a four-page document in Arabic, copies of which were also found with the terrorists of the other three planes. It contains a list of instructions, such as "make an oath to die and renew your intentions", "you should feel complete tranquility, because the time between you and your marriage in heaven is very short", and "check your weapon before you leave and long before you leave. You must make your knife sharp and you must not discomfort your animal during the slaughter". Arabic ( or just ) is the largest living member of the Semitic language family in terms of speakers. ...

Family portraits of Atta

Soon after September 11th there were several interviews with Atta's father, [16] Mohammed al-Atta, a Cairo lawyer. He expressed rage at the picture being drawn of his son: Nickname: Egypt: Site of Cairo (top center) Coordinates: , Government  - Governor Dr. Abdul Azim Wazir Area  - City 214 km²  (82. ...

"My son is a hijacker and drinks vodka!" (he) yelled, his face reddening to the roots of his short white hair and his hands waving in the air. "It is like accusing a decent, veiled religious girl of smuggling prostitutes into Egypt. It is nonsense, imagination!"

The father said the only vaguely political remark he heard his son make was that the restoration of a mosque in Cairo's Old City was too lavish, and the money could be better spent on job creation.

Two German classmates, Volker Hauth[17] and Ralph Bodenstein[18], said Atta, who left Egypt in 1993, spoke with increasing bitterness about President Hosni Mubarak and the small coterie of former army officers and of rich Egyptians gathered around him. The classmates said he called the ruling elite "the fat cats" and decried both their close ties to the United States and their suppression of both religious and non-governmental organizations. Year 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar). ... President is a title held by many leaders of organizations, companies, trade unions, universities, and countries. ... Muhammad Hosni Said Mubarak (Arabic: محمد حسنى سيد مبارك Muḥammad ḤusnÄ« Mubārak), commonly known as Hosni Mubarak (Arabic: حسنى مبارÙ