The controversial cartoons of Muhammad, first published in Jyllands-Posten in September 2005. Larger versions of the cartoons are available off-site.

The Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy began after twelve editorial cartoons, most of which depicted the Islamic prophet Muhammad, were published in the Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten on September 30, 2005, which they said they were doing as part of a debate regarding criticism of Islam and self-censorship. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (849x1200, 945 KB) Summary This is a reduced resolution version of a PDF newspaper page for an article on page three of Jyllands-Postens culture section KultureWeekend entitled Muhammeds ansigt from September 30, 2005 which sparked the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (849x1200, 945 KB) Summary This is a reduced resolution version of a PDF newspaper page for an article on page three of Jyllands-Postens culture section KultureWeekend entitled Muhammeds ansigt from September 30, 2005 which sparked the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad... Jyllands-Posten , full name: (help· info) (English: The Morning Newspaper / The Jutland Post), is Denmarks largest-selling daily newspaper. ... William Lyon Mackenzie King is freed from his Conscription promise by Johnny Canuck. ... The Quran identifies a number of men as Prophets of Islam (Arabic: nabee نبي ; pl. ... For other people named Muhammad, see Muhammad (disambiguation). ... Jyllands-Posten , full name: (help· info) (English: The Morning Newspaper / The Jutland Post), is Denmarks largest-selling daily newspaper. ... September 30 is the 273rd day of the year (274th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 92 days remaining. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Criticism of Islam has existed since Islams formative stages, as with many other religions, on philosophical, scientific, ethical, political, and theological grounds. ... Self-censorship is the act of censoring and/or classifying ones own book(s), film(s), or other kind of art to avoid offending others without an authority pressuring them to do so. ...

Danish Muslim organizations held public protests in response and spread knowledge of Jyllands-Posten's publication. As the controversy grew, some or all of the cartoons were reprinted in newspapers in more than fifty other countries, which led to violent protests, particularly in the Muslim world. A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم, Turkish:Müslüman, Persian:مسلمان, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of Islam. ... This is a list of newspapers that have reprinted the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons or printed new cartoons depicting Muhammad in response to the controversy. ... Demonstrators march in the street while protesting the World Bank and International Monetary Fund on April 16, 2005. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

Critics of the cartoons have described them as islamophobic and argue that they are blasphemous, intended to humiliate a marginalized Danish minority, and display an ignorance of the history of western imperialism, from colonialism to the conflicts in the Middle East^[1]. Islamophobia is a neologism that refers to a fear or prejudice against Islam or Muslims as a religious group. ... Look up blasphemy in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The West can refer to : The U.S. West or the American West The Western world, or Western Civilization. ... See also colonialism Imperialism is a policy of extending control or authority over foreign entities as a means of acquisition and/or maintenance of empires. ... See colony and colonisation for examples of colonialism which do not refer to Western colonialism. ... In the last 60 years, there have been a number of conflicts in the Middle East. ...

Supporters of the cartoons claim they illustrate an important issue in an age of Islamic extremist terrorism and their publication exercises the right of free speech. They also claim that similar cartoons about other religions are frequently printed, arguing that the followers of Islam were not targeted in a discriminatory way^[2]. This article or section contains information that has not been verified and thus might not be reliable. ... Freedom of speech is the right to freely say what one pleases, as well as the related right to hear what others have stated. ... Islam (Arabic: ; ) is a monotheistic religion based on Abrahamic theology. ... This article is about discrimination in the social science sense. ...

Danish Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen described the controversy as Denmark's worst international crisis since World War II.^[3] This is a list over the heads of government in Denmark, from the establishment of a constitutional monarchy in 1849 until present. ... Anders Fogh Rasmussen , also: (born January 26, 1953) is the current Prime Minister of Denmark. ... Combatants Allies: Poland, British Commonwealth, France/Free France, Soviet Union, United States, China, and others Axis Powers: Germany, Italy, Japan, and others Casualties Military dead: 17 million Civilian dead: 33 million Total dead: 50 million Military dead: 8 million Civilian dead: 4 million Total dead: 12 million World War II...

Overview

Kåre Bluitgen wrote a children's book and wanted illustrations of Muhammad included in it.

Flemming Rose, the cultural editor of the conservative daily newspaper Jyllands-Posten, contacted 40 cartoonists and asked them to draw the prophet as they saw him. This was meant to highlight the difficulty experienced by Danish writer Kåre Bluitgen in finding artists to illustrate his children's book about the Qur'an and Muhammad. Artists previously approached by Bluitgen were reportedly unwilling to work with him for fear of violent attacks by extremist Muslims. Rose eventually received twelve entries from different cartoonists and published them alongside an article on self-censorship and freedom of speech. Jyllands-Posten , full name: (help· info) (English: The Morning Newspaper / The Jutland Post), is Denmarks largest-selling daily newspaper. ... Islamic Society in Denmark is a Danish organization led by Ahmad Abu Laban, with approximately 15,000 members (2005). ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... KÃ¥re Bluitgen (born May 10th, 1959) is a Danish writer and political commentater. ... Flemming Rose Flemming Rose (born March 11, 1958) is a Danish journalist, author and the current cultural editor at the Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten. ... KÃ¥re Bluitgen (born May 10th, 1959) is a Danish writer and political commentater. ... // Basic characteristics There is some debate as to what constitutes childrens literature. ... The , (Arabic: recitation, also transliterated as Quran, Koran, and Alcoran, Turkish Kuran), is the central text of Islam. ... For other people named Muhammad, see Muhammad (disambiguation). ... Extremism is a term used to describe either ideas or actions thought by critics to be unwarranted or at least beyond what is acceptable in a civilised society. ... A cartoonist at work. ... Self-censorship is the act of censoring and/or classifying ones own book(s), film(s), or other kind of art to avoid offending others without an authority pressuring them to do so. ... A public demonstration Freedom of speech is the concept of being able to speak freely without censorship. ...

The foreign ministries of eleven Islamic countries demanded action from the Danish government, and several Arab countries eventually closed their embassies in Denmark in protest after the government initially refused to intervene or apologize.^[4] A minister for foreign affairs, or foreign minister, is a cabinet minister who helps form the governmental foreign policy of a sovereign nation. ...

A group of Danish Imams lobbied decision-makers in the Middle East. A consumer boycott was organised in Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and other Middle East countries.^[5] Rumours spread via SMS and word-of-mouth.^[6] The foreign ministers of seventeen Islamic countries renewed calls for the Danish government to punish those responsible for the cartoons. The Organization of the Islamic Conference and the Arab League demanded that the United Nations impose international sanctions upon Denmark and EU introduce blasphemy laws.^[7] For weeks, numerous huge demonstations and other protests against the cartoons have taken place worldwide. On February 4, 2006, the Danish and Norwegian embassies in Syria were set ablaze, although no one was hurt. In Beirut, the Danish Embassy was set on fire,^[8] leaving one protester dead.^[9] Altogether, at least 139 people were killed in protests,^[10] mainly in Nigeria, Libya, Pakistan and Afghanistan. Lobbying is the professional practice of public affairs advocacy, with the goal of influencing a governing body by promoting a point of view. ... A boycott is an action undertaken to abstain from using, buying, or dealing with someone or some organisation as an expression of protest or as a means of coercion. ... SMS arrival notification on a Siemens phone Short Message Service (SMS) is a service available on most digital mobile phones (and other mobile devices, e. ... The flag of the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC) The Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC; Arabic: منظمة المؤتمر الإسلامي) (Turkish: İslam Konferansı Örgütü) (French: Organisation de la Conférence Islamique) is an inter-governmental organization with a Permanent Delegation to the United Nations. ... Flag of the League of Arab States The Arab League or League of Arab States (Arabic: جامعة الدول العربية), is an organization of Arab states (compare Arab world). ... United Nations - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... International sanctions are actions taken by countries against others for political reasons, either unilaterally or multilaterally, and consist of three major forms: Diplomatic sanctions - the reduction or removal of diplomatic ties, such as embassies. ... February 4 is the 35th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Central Beirut Beirut (Arabic: ‎ translit: ) is the capital, largest city, and chief seaport of Lebanon. ... Seal on the building of German Embassies. ...

Several death threats and reward offers for killing those responsible for the cartoons have been made,^[11] resulting in the cartoonists going into hiding. This article may not be written in the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia entry. ...

Four ministers have resigned amidst the controversy, among them Roberto Calderoli and Laila Freivalds.^[12] Roberto Calderoli is an Italian politician, currently the Reforms Minister, member of the Lega Nord. ... Laila Freivalds Photo: Magnus Fröderberg/norden. ...

Descriptions of the drawings

Main article: Descriptions of the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons

Some of the cartoons can be difficult to understand for those without knowledge of certain Danish language metaphors or awareness of individuals of note to the Danish public. Furthermore, there are cartoon captions written in Danish. Detailed descriptions of the cartoons and translations of the captions as well as explanations concerning Danish cultural references are provided here. Below are descriptions of the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad drawings that were the center of the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy. ...

Timeline

Wikinews has news relating to this article:

• Eleven die in Libya over Muhammad cartoon T-shirt
• Israeli group announces anti-semitic cartoons contest
• Protest held against Muhammad caricatures in Paris
• French satirical weekly reprints caricatures
• 700,000 march in Beirut; Hezbollah leader lambasts Bush and Rice
• Jyllands-Posten reconsiders printing holocaust denial cartoons
• Hamshari newspaper plans cartoon response
• Danish mission in Beirut set ablaze
• Danish and Austrian embassies in Tehran attacked
• New Zealand newspapers publish "Mohammad Cartoons"
• Danish and Norwegian embassies set on fire
• Manipulation alleged in the "Mohammad Cartoons" affair
• Darfur declares Swedish Foreign Minister unwelcome

Main article: Timeline of the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy

Image File history File links Wikinews-logo. ... Wikinews is a free-content news source and a project of the Wikimedia Foundation. ... This is the timeline of the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy. ...

Debate about self-censorship

On September 17, 2005, the Danish newspaper Politiken ran an article under the headline "Dyb angst for kritik af islam"^[13] ("Profound fear of criticism of Islam"). The article discussed the difficulty encountered by the writer Kåre Bluitgen, who was initially unable to find an illustrator who was prepared to work with Bluitgen on his children's book Koranen og profeten Muhammeds liv (English: The Qur'an and the life of the Prophet Muhammad ISBN 87-638-0049-7). Three artists declined Bluitgen's proposal before an artist agreed to assist anonymously. According to Bluitgen: September 17 is the 260th day of the year (261st in leap years). ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Politiken is a Danish daily broadsheet newspaper, published by JP/Politikens Hus, one of Denmarks leading media companies. ... KÃ¥re Bluitgen (born May 10th, 1959) is a Danish writer and political commentater. ... An illustrator is a graphic artist who specializes in enhancing written text by providing a visual representation that corresponds to the content of the associated text. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... The , (Arabic: recitation, also transliterated as Quran, Koran, and Alcoran, Turkish Kuran), is the central text of Islam. ...

One [artist declined], with reference to the murder in Amsterdam of the film director Theo van Gogh, while another [declined, citing the attack on] the lecturer at the Carsten Niebuhr Institute in Copenhagen^[13]. Theo van Gogh Theo van Gogh (July 23, 1957 – November 2, 2004) was a controversial Dutch film director, television producer, publicist and actor. ... Carsten Niebuhr (March 17, 1733 - April 26, 1815) was a German traveller. ...

In October 2004, a lecturer at the Niebuhr institute at the University of Copenhagen was assaulted by five assailants who opposed his reading the Qur'an to non-Muslims during a lecture^[14]. The University of Copenhagen (Danish: Københavns Universitet) is the oldest and largest university and research institution in Copenhagen, Denmark. ... The , (Arabic: recitation, also transliterated as Quran, Koran, and Alcoran, Turkish Kuran), is the central text of Islam. ...

The refusal of the first three artists to participate was seen as evidence of self-censorship and led to much debate in Denmark, with other examples for similar reasons soon emerging. The comedian Frank Hvam declared that he would (hypothetically) dare to urinate on the Bible on television, but not on the Qur'an^[15][16], while the translators of an essay collection critical of Islam also wished to remain anonymous due to concerns about violent reaction. Self-censorship is the act of censoring and/or classifying ones own book(s), film(s), or other kind of art to avoid offending others without an authority pressuring them to do so. ... Frank Hvam (born September 12, 1970 in Viborg) is a Danish stand-up-comedian. ...

Publication of the drawings

On September 30, 2005, the daily newspaper Jyllands-Posten ("The Jutland Post") published an article titled "Muhammeds ansigt"^[17] ("The face of Muhammad"). The article consisted of 12 cartoons (of which only some depicted Muhammad) and an explanatory text, in which Flemming Rose, Jyllands-Posten's culture editor, commented: September 30 is the 273rd day of the year (274th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 92 days remaining. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Jutland Peninsula Jutland (Danish: Jylland; German: Jütland; Frisian Jutlân; Low German Jötlann) is a peninsula in northern Europe that forms the only non-insular part of Denmark and also the northernmost part of Germany, dividing the North Sea from the Baltic Sea. ... Flemming Rose Flemming Rose (born March 11, 1958) is a Danish journalist, author and the current cultural editor at the Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten. ...

The modern, secular society is rejected by some Muslims. They demand a special position, insisting on special consideration of their own religious feelings. It is incompatible with contemporary democracy and freedom of speech, where you must be ready to put up with insults, mockery and ridicule. It is certainly not always attractive and nice to look at, and it does not mean that religious feelings should be made fun of at any price, but that is of minor importance in the present context. [...] we are on our way to a slippery slope where no-one can tell how the self-censorship will end. That is why Morgenavisen Jyllands-Posten has invited members of the Danish editorial cartoonists union to draw Muhammad as they see him. [...] ^[17] Secularity is the state of being free from religious or spiritual qualities. ... Contemporary is an adjective which in its basic form merely means that two individuals, events or movements overlapped in time. ...

After an invitation from Jyllands-Posten to around forty different artists to give their interpretation of Muhammad, twelve caricaturists chose to respond with a drawing each. Many also comment on the surrounding self-censorship debate. Four of these twelve cartoons were illustrated by Jyllands-Posten's own staff, including the "bomb" and "niqaab" cartoons. A caricaturist is an artist who specializes in drawing caricatures. ...

On February 19, Rose explained his intent further In the Washington Post. February 19 is the 50th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ...

The cartoonists treated Islam the same way they treat Christianity, Buddhism, Hinduism and other religions. And by treating Muslims in Denmark as equals they made a point: We are integrating you into the Danish tradition of satire because you are part of our society, not strangers. The cartoons are including, rather than excluding, Muslims.^[16]

In October the Danish daily Politiken polled 31 of the 43 members of the Danish cartoonist association. 23 were willing to draw Muhammad. One had doubts, one refused because of fear for reprisals, 6 cartoonists refused to make the drawings because they respected the Muslim ban on depicting the prophet. 15 of the 31 cartoonists rejected Jyllands-Posten's project.^[18] Politiken is a Danish daily broadsheet newspaper, published by JP/Politikens Hus, one of Denmarks leading media companies. ...

Jyllands-Posten response

In response to protests from Danish Muslim groups Jyllands-Posten published two open letters on its website, both in Danish and Arabic versions^[19]. The second letter, dated 30 January 2006, also has an English version.^[20]: January 30 is the 30th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

In our opinion, the 12 drawings were sober. They were not intended to be offensive, nor were they at variance with Danish law, but they have indisputably offended many Muslims for which we apologize.

On February 26, the cartoonist who had drawn the bomb in turban picture, the most controversial of the twelve, explained: February 26 is the 57th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ...

There are interpretations of it [the drawing] that are incorrect. The general impression among Muslims is that it is about Islam as a whole. It is not. It is about certain fundamentalist aspects, that of course are not shared by everyone. But the fuel for the terrorists’ acts stem from interpretations of Islam. [...] if parts of a religion develop in a totalitarian and aggressive direction, then I think you have to protest. We did so under the other 'isms.^[21]

Meeting with Islamic Ambassadors refused by Danish Prime Minister

Having received petitions from Danish imams, eleven Islamic ambassadors asked for a meeting with Danish Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen in 12 October 2005, in order to discuss what they perceived as an "on-going smearing campaign in Danish public circles and media against Islam and Muslims". The ambassadors mentioned not only the issue of the Muhammad cartoons, but also a recent indictment against Radio Holger^[22] and statements by MP Louise Frevert^[23] and the Minister of Culture Brian Mikkelsen.^[24] It concluded: October 12 is the 285th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (286th in leap years). ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Radio Holger is a Danish right-wing radio station, some would even go as far as calling it a neo-nazi radio station. ... Louise Frevert (born May 31, 1953 in Frederiksberg) is a Danish member of the Danish parlaiment. ... Brian Mikkelsen Brian Arthur Mikkelsen (born January 31, 1966) has been the Danish Culture Minister since 27 November 2001, as member of the Cabinet of Anders Fogh Rasmussen I and II. He is a member of the Conservative Peoples Party, and has been a member of parliament (Folketinget) since...

"We deplore these statements and publications and urge Your Excellency’s government to take all those responsible to task under law of the land in the interest of inter-faith harmony, better integration and Denmark's overall relations with the Muslim world".^[25]

The government answered the ambassadors' request for a meeting with Rasmussen with a letter only: "The freedom of expression has a wide scope and the Danish governments has no means of influencing the press. However, Danish legislation prohibits acts or expressions of blasphemous or discriminatory nature. The offended party may bring such acts or expressions to court, and it is for the courts to decide in individual cases."^[26]

The ambassadors maintained that they had never asked for Jyllands-Posten to be prosecuted; possibly, the non-technical phrase of the letter, "to take NN to task under law", meant something like "to hold NN responsible within the limits of the law".^[27] Rasmussen replied: "Even a non-judicial intervention against Jyllands-Posten would be impossible within our system".^[28]

The Egypt Minister of Foreign Affairs, Aboul Gheit, wrote several letters to the Prime Minister of Denmark and to the secretary general of the UN explaining that they did not want the Prime Minister to prosecute Jyllands-Posten; they only wanted "an official Danish statement underlining the need for and the obligation of respecting all religions and desisting from offending their devotees to prevent an escalation which would have serious and far-reaching consequences".^[29] Subsequently, Egypt played a leading role in diffusing the issue in the Middle East.^[30] The United Nations Secretary-General is the head of the Secretariat, one of the principal divisions of the United Nations. ...

The refusal to meet the ambassadors has been criticized by the opposition, 22 Danish ex-ambassadors,^[31] and ex-Minister of Foreign Affairs, Uffe Ellemann-Jensen. Uffe Ellemann-Jensen (b. ...

Judicial investigation of Jyllands-Posten

On October 27, 2005, a number of Muslim organizations filed a complaint with the Danish police claiming that Jyllands-Posten had committed an offence under section 140 and 266b of the Danish Criminal Code.^[32] October 27 is the 300th day of the year (301st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 65 days remaining. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Danish penalty law (Danish: Straffeloven) is the codification of the central legal text and constitutes the foundation of the Kingdom of Denmarks criminal law. ...

• Section 140^[33] of the Criminal Code, known as the blasphemy law, prohibits disturbing public order by publicly ridiculing or insulting the dogmas of worship of any lawfully existing religious community in Denmark. Only one case has ever resulted in a sentence, a 1938 case involving an anti-Semitic group. The most recent case was in 1971 when a program director of Danmarks Radio was charged, but found not guilty.^[34]

• Section 266b^[35] criminalises insult, threat or degradation of natural persons, by publicly and with malice attacking their race, color of skin, national or ethnical roots, faith or sexual orientation.

On 6 January 2006, the Regional Public Prosecutor in Viborg discontinued the investigation as he found no basis for concluding that the cartoons constituted a criminal offence. His reason is based on his finding that the article concerns a subject of public interest and, further, on Danish case law which extends editorial freedom to journalists when it comes to a subject of public interest. He stated that, in assessing what constitutes an offence, the right to freedom of speech must be taken into consideration. That while the right to freedom of speech must be exercised with the necessary respect for other human rights, including the right to protection against discrimination, insult and degradation, no apparent violation of the law had occurred.^[32] In a new hearing, the Director of Public Prosecutors in Denmark agreed.^[36] DRs logo. ... In jurisprudence, a natural person is a human being perceptible through the senses and subject to physical laws, as opposed to an artificial person, i. ... Malice is a legal term referring to a partys intention to do injury to another party. ... January 6 is the 6th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Viborg, is a town located in central Jutland, Denmark. ...

Danish Imams tour the Middle East

Main article: Akkari-Laban dossier

A group of Danish imams, dissatisfied with the reaction of the Danish Government and Jyllands-Posten created a 43-page document entitled, "Dossier about championing the prophet Muhammad peace be upon him".^[37] The Akkari-Laban dossier is a 43 page document which was created by a group of Danish Muslim clerics from multiple organizations set out to present their case and ask for support in the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy. ... Imam (Arabic: إمام , Persian: امام ) is an Arabic word meaning Leader. The ruler of a country might be called the Imam, for example. ...

The dossier consists of several letters from Muslim organisations explaining their case, citing the Jyllands-Posten cartoons but also the following causes of "pain and torment" for the authors:

1. Pictures from another Danish newspaper, Weekendavisen, which they called "even more offending" (than the original 12 cartoons);
2. Hate-mail pictures and letters that the dossier's authors alleged were sent to Muslims in Denmark, which they claimed were indicative of the rejection of Muslims by the Danish;
3. A televised interview with Dutch member of parliament and Islam critic Hirsi Ali, who had just received the Freedom Prize “for her work to further freedom of speech and the rights of women” from the Danish Liberal Party represented by Anders Fogh Rasmussen.

Appended are multiple clippings from Jyllands-Posten, multiple clippings from Weekendavisen, some clippings from Arabic-language papers, and three additional images. Weekendavisen (literally: The Weekly Newspaper) is a Danish weekly broadsheet newspaper published on Fridays. ... Ayaan Hirsi Ali Ayaan Hirsi Ali ( ), born Ayaan Hirsi Magan 13 November 1969 [1] in Mogadishu, Somalia, is a Dutch feminist and politician, daughter of Hirsi Magan Isse. ... Venstre (in Danish literally: Left) is in electoral size the largest political party in Denmark, ideologically based on free market Liberalism, now a right-of-centre party. ...

Pig-face - This picture of a French pig-squealing contestant, taken from the imams' dossier, was later identified as an old Associated Press picture with no reference to Islam.

The group of imams said that the three additional images were sent anonymously by mail to Muslims who were participating in an online debate on Jyllands-posten.^[38], and were circulated to illustrate the atmosphere of Islamophobia they lived in^[39]. On February 1 BBC World incorrectly reported that one of them had been published in Jyllands-Posten.^[40] This image was later found to be a wire-service photo of a contestant at a French pig-squealing contest. ^[41][42] One of the other two additional images (a photo) portrayed a Muslim being mounted by a dog while praying, and the other (a cartoon) portrayed Muhammad as a demonic pedophile. Image File history File linksMetadata Pig_person. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Pig_person. ... February 1 is the 32nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... BBC World is the British Broadcasting Corporations 24-hour international current affairs TV channel with BBC News, documentaries, lifestyle programmes and interviews, and was launched in January 1995. ...

The group of Imams set out for a tour of the Middle East to present their case to many influential religious and political leaders, and to ask for support.^[43] The dossier contains statements such as:

• We urge you [recipient of the letter or dossier] to - on the behalf of thousands of believing Muslims - to give us the opportunity of having a constructive contact with the press and particularly with the relevant decision makers, not briefly, but with a scientific methodology and a planned and long-term programme seeking to make views approach each other and remove misunderstandings between the two parties involved. Since we do not wish for Muslims to be accused of being backward and narrow, likewise we do not wish for Danes to be accused of ideological arrogance either. When this relationship is back on its track, the result will bring satisfaction, an underpinning of security and the stable relations, and a flourishing Denmark for all that live here.

It also contains misinformation such as:

• The faithful in their religion (Muslims) suffer under a number of circumstances, first and foremost the lack of official recognition of the Islamic faith. This has led to a lot of problems, especially the lack of right to build mosques [...]
• Even though they [the Danes] belong to the Christian faith, the secularizations have overcome them, and if you say that they are all infidels, then you are not wrong.

and statements such as:

• We [Muslims] do not need lessons in democracy, but it is actually us, who through our deeds and speeches educate the whole world in democracy.
• This [Europe's] dictatorial way of using democracy is completely unacceptable.

The inclusion in the dossier of the cartoons from Weekendavisen was perhaps not due as much to willful misinformation as possibly a misunderstanding. They were more likely parodies on the pompousness of Jylland-Posten's cartoons than cartoons of the prophet in their own right,^[44] and consist of reproductions of works such as the Mona Lisa (caption: For centuries, a previously unknown society has known that this is a painting of the Prophet, and guarded this secret. The back page's anonymous artist is doing everything he can to reveal this secret in his contribution. He has since then been forced to go underground, fearing for the wrath of a crazy albino imam), an obvious parody of the Da Vinci Code. Mona Lisa, or La Gioconda (La Joconde), is a 16th-century oil painting on poplar wood by Leonardo da Vinci and is one of the most famous paintings in Western art history. ... The Da Vinci Code book cover The Da Vinci Code is a novel written by American author Dan Brown and published in 2003 by Doubleday Fiction (ISBN 0385504209). ...

At a 6 December 2005 summit of the Organisation of the Islamic Conference, with many heads of state in attendance, the dossier was handed around on the sidelines first,^[45] and eventually an official communiqué was issued, demanding that the United Nations impose international sanctions upon Denmark.^[46] December 6 is the 340th day (341st on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The flag of the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC) The Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC) is an inter-governmental organization with a Permanent Delegation to the United Nations. ... United Nations - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... International sanctions are actions taken by countries against others for political reasons, either unilaterally or multilaterally, and consist of three major forms: Diplomatic sanctions - the reduction or removal of diplomatic ties, such as embassies. ...

Reprinting in other newspapers

El Fagr's headline page - October 17, 2005 - A Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoon, on the headline page of Egyptian newspaper El Fagr.

Further information: List of newspapers that reprinted Jyllands-Posten's Muhammad cartoons

In 2005, the Muhammad cartoons controversy received only minor media attention outside of Denmark. Six of the cartoons were reprinted by the Egyptian newspaper El Fagr on October 17, 2005^[47][48] along with an article strongly denouncing them, but publication did not provoke any reactions nor condemnations from either religious or government authorities. Some or all of the cartoons were reprinted between October 2005 and the end of January 2006 in major European newspapers from the Netherlands, Germany, Scandinavia, Belgium and France. Very soon after, as protests grew, there were further re-publications around the globe, but mostly in continental Europe. Image File history File linksMetadata Page-1-of-El-Fagr. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Page-1-of-El-Fagr. ... October 17 is the 290th (in leap years the 291st) day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... El Fagr is an Egyptian newspaper, based in Cairo. ... This is a list of newspapers that have reprinted the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons or printed new cartoons depicting Muhammad in response to the controversy. ... El Fagr is an Egyptian newspaper, based in Cairo. ... October 17 is the 290th (in leap years the 291st) day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... World map showing Europe Europe is one of the seven continents of Earth which, in this case, is more a cultural and political distinction than a physiographic one, leading to various perspectives about Europes borders. ... Scandinavia is a region in Northern Europe named after the Scandinavian Peninsula. ...

Notable by their absence were re-publications from major newspapers in the USA^[49] and the United Kingdom,^[50] where editorials covered the story, but generally took a stance against re-publication of the Muhammad cartoons.

Several newspapers were closed and editors fired or arrested for their decision or intention to re-publish the cartoons. This is a list of newspapers that have reprinted the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons or printed new cartoons depicting Muhammad in response to the controversy. ...

Danish Imams under investigation

The French/Algerian journalist Mohammed Sifaoui ^[51] secretly filmed^[52][53] Ahmed Akkari, spokesman for the group of Danish Imams that toured the Middle East, in conversation with Sheikh Raed Hlayhel (head of the delegation), threatening to have MP Naser Khader bombed. Ahmad Abu Laban was also filmed, talking about a man who wants "to wreak absolute havoc" and "wants to join the fray and turn it into a Martyr operation right now"^[54]. Akkari initially denied the remarks, then explained he was only joking.^[55] Both men were investigated, but no charges were brought. A Danish imam who became famous for his involvement [1] in the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy. ... Naser Khader Naser Khader (born July 1, 1963 in Damascus, Syria) is a member of the Parliament of Denmark for Radikale Venstre. ... Ahmad Abu Laban Ahmad Abu Laban (Arabic: أحمد أبو لبن) (born 1946, Jaffa, Palestine) is the leader of the organisation called the Islamic Society in Denmark. ... A suicide attack is an attack in which the attacker or attackers intend and expect to die (see suicide). ... A joke is a short story or short series of words spoken or communicated with the intent of being laughed at or found humorous by the listener or reader. ...

Opinions and issues

// Opinions in Denmark A poll on January 29, from Epinion for Danmarks Radio, the national broadcasting company of Denmark, showed that of 579 Danes asked, 79% believe that the Prime Minister of Denmark should not apologize to the Muslims, with 48% citing that would be political interference with the freedom...

Danish journalistic tradition

Freedom of speech was obtained in a new constitution^[56] in 1849, and defended vigorously ever since. It was suspended for the duration the German occupation of Denmark in World War II. Freedom of expression is also protected by the European Convention on Human Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. A public demonstration Freedom of speech is the concept of being able to speak freely without censorship. ... Headquarters of the Schalburgkorps, a Danish SS unit, after 1943. ... Combatants Allies: Poland, British Commonwealth, France/Free France, Soviet Union, United States, China, and others Axis Powers: Germany, Italy, Japan, and others Casualties Military dead: 17 million Civilian dead: 33 million Total dead: 50 million Military dead: 8 million Civilian dead: 4 million Total dead: 12 million World War II... The Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, also known as the European Convention on Human Rights, was adopted under the auspices of the Council of Europe in 1950 to protect human rights and fundamental freedoms. ... The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights is a United Nations treaty based on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, created in 1966 and entered into force on 23 March 1976. ...

Newspapers are privately owned and independent from the government. Danish freedom of expression is quite far-reaching, even by Western standards, drawing official German protests about printing neo-nazi propaganda, and from Russia for "solidarity with terrorists"^[57] The organization Reporters Without Borders ranks Denmark at the top of its Worldwide Press Freedom Index for 2005.^[58] The terms Neo-Nazism and Neo-Fascism refer to any social or political movement to revive Nazism or Fascism, respectively, and postdates the Second World War. ... Reporters Without Borders, or RWB (French: Reporters sans frontières, Spanish: Reporteros Sin Fronteras, or RSF) is an international non-governmental organisation doing research on and advocating for freedom of the press. ...

Religion is often portrayed in ways that other societies consider illegal blasphemy.^[59][60][61] While Jyllands-Posten has published satirical cartoons depicting Christian figures ^[62], it did, in 2003, reject unsolicited surreal cartoons depicting Jesus,^[63] opening them to accusations of a double standard.^[64] Jyllands-Posten has also refused to publish Holocaust denial cartoons offered by an Iranian newspaper.^[65] Jyllands-Posten , full name: (help· info) (English: The Morning Newspaper / The Jutland Post), is Denmarks largest-selling daily newspaper. ... The World According To Ronald Reagan - a Finnish satirical poster from 1984 Satire is a literary technique of writing or art which exposes the follies of its subject (for example, individuals, organizations, or states) to ridicule, often as an intended means of provoking or preventing change. ... Surreal humour is a form of humour based on bizarre juxtapositions, absurd situations, and nonsense logic. ... The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ... Jyllands-Posten , full name: (help· info) (English: The Morning Newspaper / The Jutland Post), is Denmarks largest-selling daily newspaper. ... Richard Harwoods Did Six Million Really Die? Holocaust denial is the claim that the mainstream historical version of the Holocaust is either highly exaggerated or completely falsified. ...

Aniconistic Muslim traditions

Muhammad rededicating the Kaaba Black Stone. In Jami Al-Tawarikh "The Universal History" by Rashid Al-Din, at the University of Edinburgh library; c. 1315.

Main articles: Aniconism and Depictions of Muhammad

The Qur'an condemns idolatry, but has no direct prohibitions of pictorial art. These are found in hadiths: "Ibn ‘Umar reported Allah’s Messenger (pbuh) having said: Those who paint pictures would be punished on the Day of Resurrection and it would be said to them: Breathe soul into what you have created."^{[66][67][68][69]} Image File history File linksMetadata Muhammad_2. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Muhammad_2. ... Masjid al Haram The Kaaba (Arabic: ‎ translit: Persian: ‎) also known as al-Ka‘abatu’l-Musharrafat (Arabic: ‎), al-Baytu l-‘AtÄ«q (Arabic: ‎), or al-Baytu’l-HÌ£arām (Arabic: ‎ The Sacred House), is a building located inside the mosque known as al-Masjidu’l-HÌ£arām in... The Black Stone The Black Stone (called الحجر الأسود al-Hajar-ul-Aswad in Arabic) is an Islamic holy relic. ... Rashid al-Din Tabib also Rashid ad-Din Fadhlullah Hamadani (1247 - 1318), was a Persian Doctor and writer and historian. ... The University of Edinburgh, founded in 1583, is a renowned centre for teaching and research in Edinburgh, Scotland. ... Look up Circa on Wiktionary, the free dictionary The Latin word circa, literally meaning about, is often used to describe various dates (often birth and death dates) that are uncertain. ... Aniconism is the absence of representations, in a restricted sense that of God and living beings, and more generally of any type of artificial production of substitutes. ... Depictions of Muhammad usually refer to drawings of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and can be a contentious matter. ... The , (Arabic: recitation, also transliterated as Quran, Koran, and Alcoran, Turkish Kuran), is the central text of Islam. ... The neutrality of this article is disputed. ... Hadith (Arabic: hadÄ«th, Arabic pl. ... Abdullah ibn Umar(Arabic: عبدالله بن عمر بن الخطاب) (ca. ... Peace be upon him (Arabic: صلى الله عليه وسلم;ï·º; salla Allahu alayhi wa sallam, also transliterated as sallalahu aleyhi wasallam) is a phrase that Muslims are required to say after mentioning the name of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, Jesus Christ, Abraham and all the other prophets cited in the Holy Quran. ... It has been suggested that Resurrection of the dead be merged into this article or section. ... The soul, according to many religious and philosophical traditions, is a self aware ethereal substance particular to a unique living being. ...

Views regarding pictorial representations within Muslim communities have varied. Shi'a Islam has been generally tolerant of pictorial representations of human figures, including Muhammad.^[70] Contemporary majority^[71] Sunni Islam generally forbids any pictorial representation of Muhammad^[72], but has had periods allowing depictions of Muhammad's face covered with a veil or as a featureless void emanating light. Shia Islam, also Shi`ite Islam or Shi`ism (Arabic: ‎ translit: Persian: ‎ ) is the second largest denomination of the religion of Islam. ... Sunni Muslims are the largest denomination of Islam. ...

A few contemporary interpretations of Islam, such as some adherents of Wahhabism and Salafism, are aniconistic and condemn pictorial representations of any kind. The Taliban, while in power in Afghanistan, banned television, photographs and images in newspapers and destroyed paintings including frescoes in the vicinity of the Buddhas of Bamiyan.^[73] Wahhabism (Arabic: الوهابية, Wahabism, Wahabbism) is a Sunni fundamentalist Islamic movement, named after Muhammad ibn Abd al Wahhab (1703–1792). ... A Salafi (Arabic سلفي lit. ... Aniconism is the absence of representations, in a restricted sense that of God and living beings, and more generally of any type of artificial production of substitutes. ... Flag flown by the Taliban. ... Fresco by Dionisius representing Saint Nicholas. ... One of the Buddhas of Bamiyan before complete destruction, Afghanistan The Buddhas of Bamiyan were two monumental statues of standing Buddhas carved into the side of a cliff in the Bamiyan valley of central Afghanistan, situated 230 km (143 miles) northwest of Kabul at an altitude of 2500 meters (8...

Associating Islam with terrorism

Many Muslims have explained their anti-cartoon stance as against insulting pictures and not so much as against pictures in general. According to the BBC: The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is the largest broadcasting corporation in the world. ...

It is the satirical intent of the cartoonists and the association of the Prophet with terrorism, that is so offensive to the vast majority of Muslims.^[74]

Why is the insult so deeply felt by some Muslims? Of course, there is the prohibition on images of Muhammad. But one cartoon, showing the Prophet wearing a turban shaped as a bomb with a burning fuse, extends the caricature of Muslims as terrorists to Muhammad. In this image, Muslims see a depiction of Islam, its prophet and Muslims in general as terrorists. This will certainly play into a widespread perception among Muslims across the world that many in the West harbour a hostility towards - or fear of - Islam and Muslims.^[75]

Prohibition to insult Muhammad

In Muslim societies, for a Muslim to insult the prophet Muhammad is one of the most serious crimes anyone could commit. Some interpretations of the Shariah, in particular the relatively fringe Salafi group, follow that any insult to Muhammad warrants death.^[76] Sharia (Arabic شريعة also Sharia, Shariah or Syariah) is traditional Islamic law. ... A Salafi (Arabic سلفي referring to early Muslim), from the Arabic word Salaf سلف (literally meaning predecessors or early generations), is an adherent of a contemporary movement in Sunni Islam that is sometimes called Salafism and sometimes identified with Wahhabism. ...

Islamism and xenophobia

Main articles: Muslims in Western Europe and Multiculturalism

Radical and fundamentalist Islam is now seen to be a problem in Europe,^[77][78] and disillusionment with multiculturalism is widespread in Denmark.^[79] Estimates of the largest Muslim populations in Western Europe as a percentage of total country population: 10. ... Multiculturalism is a public policy approach for managing cultural diversity in a multiethnic society, officially stressing mutual respect and tolerance for cultural differences within a countrys borders. ... Multiculturalism is a public policy approach for managing cultural diversity in a multiethnic society, officially stressing mutual respect and tolerance for cultural differences within a countrys borders. ...

This is further fuelled by Mullah Krekar stating, that "the number of Muslims expanding like mosquitoes"^[80] which is mirrored by some leaders in the Muslim world^[81].

The UNCHR Special Rapporteur, on the other hand, saw xenophobia and racism in Europe as the root of the crisis.^[82] Denmark has been singled out in the regard^[83][84][85] The United Nations Commission on Human Rights, a commission supervised by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, is composed of representatives from 53 member states, and meets each year in regular session in March/April for six weeks in Geneva. ... Look up xenophobia in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... An African-American man drinks out of the colored only water cooler at a racially segregated street car terminal in the United States in 1939. ...

Alleged campaigns by the West and alleged Zionist conspiracy

Some commentators see the publications of the cartoons and the predictable riots that took place in response, as part of a coordinated effort to show Muslims and Islam in a bad light, thus influencing public opinion in the West to support further military intervention in the Middle East.^[86][87]

Among others^[88], Iran's supreme leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei blamed a "Zionist conspiracy" for the row over the cartoons.^[89] The Palestinian envoy to Washington said the Likud party concocted distribution of Muhammad caricatures worldwide in a bid to create a clash between the West and the Muslim world.^[90] The criminalization of denial of the Holocaust in parts of Europe received renewed^[91] interest, raising concerns over freedom of speech being asserted selectively.^[92][93] Hamshahri, a newspaper published by the municipality of Tehran, ran a Holocaust cartoon contest to see if Western newspapers would print them.^[94] Ayatollah Ali Khamenei Âyatollâh (Persian: آیت‌الله سید علی حسینی خامنه‌ای) born July 15, 1939, is the current Supreme Leader of Iran and was the president of Iran from 1981 to 1989. ... This proposed logo for the US Information Awareness Office was dropped due to fears that its Masonic symbolism would provoke conspiracy theories. ... The term Palestinian has other usages, for which see definitions of Palestinian. ... Likud (Hebrew: ליכוד, literally means consolidation) is a right-wing Conservative political party in Israel. ... Richard Harwoods Did Six Million Really Die? Holocaust denial is the claim that the mainstream historical version of the Holocaust is either highly exaggerated or completely falsified. ... Hamshahri (Persian: همشهری) is an Iranian Persian-language newspaper published by the Municipality of Tehran, and founded by Gholamhossein Karbaschi. ... A municipality or general-purpose district (compare with: special-purpose district) is an administrative local area generally composed of a clearly defined territory and commonly referring to a city, town, or village government. ... Map of Iran and surrounding lands, showing location of Tehran View from Jamaran looking southwest toward Elahiyeh, Jordan, and Shemiran districts of Tehran. ...

Alleged campaigns by Islamists or Middle Eastern regimes

Other commentators, see the influence and interests of Islamists jockeying for influence^[95] both in Europe^[96] and the Islamic Ummah^[97], who tried (unsuccessfully) to widen the split between the USA and Europe, and simultaneously bridge the split between the Sunnis and the Shia.^[98] Islamism is a political ideology derived from the conservative religious views of Muslim fundamentalism. ... Umma (Arabic: ) is an Arabic word meaning community or nation. ... Sunni Islam (Arabic سنّة) is the largest denomination of Islam. ... Shiʻa Islam (Arabic شيعى follower; English has traditionally used Shiite) makes up the second largest sect of believers in Islam, constituting about 30%–35% of all Muslim. ...

Regimes in the Middle East have been accused of instrumentalizing and adding to the crisis to demonstrate their Islamic credentials, distracting from their failures by setting up an external enemy,^{[99] [100] [101]}, and "(using) the cartoons [...] as a way of showing that the expansion of freedom and democracy in their countries would lead inevitably to the denigration of Islam."^[102] Mahmoud Ahmadinejad announced a Holocaust Conference, supported^[103] by the OIC, to uncover what he called the "myth" used to justify the creation of Israel.^[104] Ahmadinejad started voicing doubts about the veracity of the holocaust at the same^[105] OIC conference in Mecca that served to spread the Akkari-Laban dossier to leaders of the Muslim world. ^[106] , sometimes also transcribed into English as Mahmud, Mahmood, Ahmadinezhad, Ahmadi-Nejad, Ahmadi Nejad (Persian: ; born October 28, 1956), is the sixth president of the Islamic Republic of Iran. ... OIC may stand for: Organization of the Islamic Conference Office of Independent Council Office of Internal Communications Office of the Information Commissioner In Internet slang Oh, I see - also popular, in same usage, as comedic element from a scene in Disneys animated movie version of Tarzan. ... OIC may stand for: Organization of the Islamic Conference Office of Independent Council Office of Internal Communications Office of the Information Commissioner In Internet slang Oh, I see - also popular, in same usage, as comedic element from a scene in Disneys animated movie version of Tarzan. ... The Akkari-Laban dossier is a 43 page document which was created by a group of Danish Muslim clerics from multiple organizations set out to present their case and ask for support in the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy. ...

Political correctness

Critics of political correctness see the cartoon crisis as a sign that attempts to codify concepts like respect, tolerance and offense judicially, have backfired on their creators, "leaving them without a leg to stand on"^[107] and in retreat again: Political correctness is the alteration of language to redress real or alleged injustices and discrimination or to avoid offense. ... Respect is an attitude of acknowledging the feelings and interests of another party in a relationship, and of treating as consequential for the self the helping or harming of the other. ... The cross of the war memorial and a menorah for Hanukkah coexist in Oxford. ... In law, an offense is a violation of the penal law. ...

The issue will almost certainly lead to a revisiting of the lamentable laws against "hate speech" in Europe, and with any luck to a debate on whether these laws are more likely to destroy public harmony than encourage it. Muslim activists are finding out why getting into a negative-publicity fight is as inadvisable as wrestling with a pig: You get dirty and the pig enjoys it.^[108]

International reactions

Main article: International reactions to the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy

What started with the problem of a Danish author trying to find an illustrator for his book, became an international crisis. Many governments and international organizations have issued statements. The publication of satirical cartoons of the Islamic prophet Muhammad in the Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten on September 30, 2005 has led to violence, arrests, interstate tensions, and debate about the scope of free speech and the place of Muslims in the West. ...

Economic and human costs

Map shows a colored matrix of republication (blue) and violence (red)

Main article: Economic and human costs of the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy

Riots left more than 130 people dead and caused massive property damage. Boycotts and other economic measures have led to job losses and missed business opportunities on a huge scale. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1357x628, 43 KB)Image based on data prior to February 20, 2006. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1357x628, 43 KB)Image based on data prior to February 20, 2006. ... // Human costs Andrea Santoro, an Italian Catholic priest, was killed on February 5, 2006 in Trabzon, Turkey. ...

Comparable references

Main article: Freedom of speech versus blasphemy

Numerous comparisons have been offered in public discourse comparing earlier controversies over propriety of speech and art with the controversy that surrounded the Jyllands-Posten cartoons. Some examples include: Freedom of speech versus blasphemy represents the tension which exists between political freedom, particularly freedom of speech, and certain examples of art, literature, speech or other acts which some consider to be sacrilegious or blasphemous. ...

• The Satanic Verses (novel, 1988, 2006, ^[109] Global)
• The Life of Jesus (book, 2005, Greece)
• Jerry Springer - The Opera (musical, 2005, Britain)
• The Last Supper (billboard based on Leonardo da Vinci painting, 2005, Italy, France) ^[110]
• Submission (short film, 2004, Netherlands)
• Snow White and The Madness of Truth (installation, 2004, Sweden)
• Bloody Mary (TV, 2000s, United States, New Zealand, and Australia)
• Ecce Homo (exhibition, 2000, Europe)
• Sensation (exhibition, 1999, London and New York)
• Corpus Christi (play, 1998, United States)
• Great Lawgivers (frieze, 1997, Washington D.C.)
• Tatiana Soskin (drawing, 1997, Israel)
• Taslima Nasrin (newspaper, 1994, Bangladesh)
• Piss Christ (photo, 1989, United States)
• The Last Temptation of Christ (film, 1988, United States and Europe)
• Life of Brian (film, 1979, United States and Europe)
• Mohammad, Messenger of God (film, 1977, United States, Libya, UK and Lebanon)
• Anti-Semitic Cartoons^[111]

The Satanic Verses cover The Satanic Verses is Salman Rushdies fourth novel, first published in 1988 and inspired in part by the life of Muhammad. ... Gerhard Haderer (born 1951, Leonding, Austria) is an Austrian cartoonist and caricturist. ... David Soul stars as Jerry Springer. ... Submission is a 10-minute film directed by Theo van Gogh and written by Ayaan Hirsi Ali, a Liberal party member of the Lower House of the Netherlands Parliament. ... Snow White and The Madness of Truth (Swedish: Snövit och sanningens vansinne) was an item of installation art by Swedish (but Israeli-born) composer/musician Dror Feiler and his Swedish wife, artist Gunilla Sköld-Feiler. ... Bloody Mary is episode 914 of the Comedy Central series South Park. ... Ecce Homo photo depicting the Last Supper Ecce Homo was a controversial exhibition of 12 photographs taken by the Swedish photographer Elisabeth Ohlson Wallin. ... Sensation was a notorious exhibition of Young British Artists which took place in 1997 (18 September-28 December) at the Royal Academy of Art in London and later toured to Berlin and New York. ... Corpus Christi is a passion play by Terrence McNally dramatizing the story of Christ and the Apostles. ... The Supreme Court building is the seat of the Supreme Court of the United States. ... A immgrant from Russia,She is a person of the jewish faith,While in israel in the town of hebron,she was arrested and put in a mental illiness center for a drawing ... Taslima Nasrin Taslima Nasrin (Bangla: তসলিমা নাসরিন), also known as Taslima Nasreen, (born 25 August 1962 in Mymensingh, Bangladesh) is a Bengali Bangladeshi physician, writer, feminist human rights activist and secular humanist. ... Piss Christ Piss Christ is a controversial photograph by American photographer Andres Serrano. ... The Last Temptation of Christ, also published as The Last Temptation, is a novel written by Nikos Kazantzakis, first published in 1951. ... Life Of Brian is a 1979 film by Monty Python which deals with the life of Brian Cohen (played by Graham Chapman), a young man born the same night as, and right down the street from, Jesus. ... Mohammad, Messenger of God (retitled The Message for U.S. release) (1976) is a film directed by Mustafa Akkad, chronicling the life and times of the founder of Islam, Muhammad. ... Graffiti on a Jewish gravestone in Aldershot, England in January 2005 The term new anti-Semitism refers to the perceived contemporary international resurgence of anti-Jewish incidents and attacks on Jewish symbols, as well as the acceptance of anti-Semitic beliefs and their expression in public discourse. ...

See also

• Censorship by Religion
• Clash of Civilizations
• Dialogue Among Civilizations
• Controversial newspaper caricatures
• Freedom of the press
• Freedom of speech and freedom of the press in Denmark
• Freedom of speech versus blasphemy
• Hamshahri
• Islam in Denmark
• Separation of church and state
• Islamist Demonstration outside Danish Embassy in London
• Internet censorship in Pakistan
• Rakyat Merdeka dingo cartoon controversy

To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Cover of The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order The Clash of Civilizations is a controversial theory in international relations popularized by Samuel P. Huntington. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... There are several incidents involving controversial caricatures in the press media. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Freedom of speech. ... In Denmark the freedom of speech and freedom of the press are ensured by § 77 of the constitution[1]: The phrase under responsibility to the courts provides the main concept of the freedom: the constitution grants you the freedom to say whatever you please, but does not protect you from... Freedom of speech versus blasphemy represents the tension which exists between political freedom, particularly freedom of speech, and certain examples of art, literature, speech or other acts which some consider to be sacrilegious or blasphemous. ... Hamshahri (Persian: همشهری) is an Iranian Persian-language newspaper published by the Municipality of Tehran, and founded by Gholamhossein Karbaschi. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... The separation of church and state is a political doctrine which states that the institutions of the state or national government should be kept separate from those of religious institutions. ... An Islamist demonstration was held outside the Danish Embassy in London, England in response to the publication of editorial cartoons depicting the Islamic prophet Muhammad that were published in the Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten on 30 September 2005. ... // History and Law The Government of Pakistan some years back established the Pakistan Internet Exchange, or PIE, as a means to monitor all incoming and outgoing Internet traffic from Pakistan. ... Original cartoon The Rakyat Merdeka Dingo cartoon controversy began after a front page editorial cartoon depicting the Australian Prime Minister John Howard and Australian Foreign Minister Alexander Downer as dingoes were published in the Indonesian newspaper Rakyat Merdeka on 27 March 2006 to protest the acceptance by Australia of refugees...

External links

Primary sources

• The letter to the Prime Minister from the Muslim ambassadors PDF
• The response to the letters from the ambassadors PDF
• First open letter in Arabic to the Muslims of Saudi Arabia from Jyllands-Posten PDF
• Second open letter to the Muslims of Saudi Arabia from Jyllands-Posten
  • In Arabic PDF
  • In English
• Photocopies of the Imams' dossier
• The Danish Foreign ministry, rebutting rumours that were spread via SMS and word-of-mouth
• The Danish Director of Public Prosecutions: Decision on possible criminal proceedings in the case of Jyllands-Posten's article PDF

Islamic views

• Imran Anwar - Let's Make New Cartoons Of The Prophet
• Amr khaled - A message to the World
• Danish cartoons and sacred imagery
• Drawings Against Drawings
• A Danish Trojan Horse: Law and the Muhammad Cartoons, JURIST
• Tolerance on Trial: Why We Reprinted the Danish Cartoons (op-ed by the publisher of the English-language Yemen Observer newspaper), JURIST
• Support Your Prophet A declaration condemning the attack by reporters from Denmark and Norway against the Prophet, sallallaahu ‘alayhi wa sallam.

Press reviews

• BBC, Q&A Depicting the Prophet Muhammad
• The Guardian special reports: cartoon protests
• World press review by BBC Monitoring
• BBC Viewpoints

Video

• London demonstration in front of the Danish embassy 3 Feb 2006
• Protesters Burn European Embassies, Consulates, Churches in Damascus and Beirut February 4-5 2006
• Interview with American Muslim Hamza Yusuf on Danish news show Deadline
• BBC HARDtalk: Ahmad Abu Laban and Fleming Rose, 8 February 2006
• JFK Jr. Forum cartoons controversy discussion at Harvard University by Shahab Ahmed, Jocelyne Cesari, Father J. Bryan Hehir, Dr. Joseph S. Nye Jr. (RealPlayer stream)

Images

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Muhammad

• The 12 cartoons in full size at Newspaper Index
• The page of Jylland-Posten that contains Muhammad cartoons
• Picture series - Burning of the Danish embassy in Syria
• More editorial cartoons, including some depicting Muhammed, mainly in response to the protests of the original drawings
• Caricatures of Danish Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen, published by the Danish newspaper Information

Online petitions

• It is Enough Now Letter for reconciliation in Arabic, Danish and English
• Forsoning nu! Danish petition for reconciliation
• A letter from Another Denmark Another Danish petition for reconciliation
• An online protest against cartoons of Prophet Muhammad A site that condemns the Jyllands Posten cartoons and invites others to protest by submitting their e-mail addresses. As of April 8, 2006 more than 145,000 individuals have entered their addresses.

Other sources

• Cartoon Body Count: Death by Drawing An independent website tallying the total casualty count as a result of the controversy (based on verified news sources).
• Cartoons riots Google Maps mashup A mashup displaying places where protests, riots and fatalities occurred during the Mohamed cartoons row
• The Mohammed-Cartoon Controversy, Israel, and the Jews: A Case Study by Manfred Gerstenfeld of the Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs

Image File history File links Noia_64_mimetypes_pdf. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Image File history File links Noia_64_mimetypes_pdf. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Image File history File links Noia_64_mimetypes_pdf. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Image File history File links Noia_64_mimetypes_pdf. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Image File history File links Noia_64_mimetypes_pdf. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... A jurist is a professional who studies, develops, applies or otherwise deals with the law. ... A jurist is a professional who studies, develops, applies or otherwise deals with the law. ... Harvard University campus (old map) Harvard University (incorporated as The President and Fellows of Harvard College) is a private university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. ... Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... The Wikimedia Commons (also called Commons or Wikicommons) is a repository of free content images, sound and other multimedia files. ... Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs was founded in 1976 by Professor Daniel J. Elazar, as an independent, non-profit institute for policy research and education serving Israel and the Jewish people. ...

References