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Molars are the rearmost and most complicated kind of tooth in most mammals. In many mammals they grind food; hence the Latin name mola, "millstone". Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (600x613, 83 KB) The lower wisdom tooth, just structed from me. ...
Wisdom teeth are third molars that usually appear between the ages of 18 and 20 (although they may appear when older, or fail to appear at all). ...
Image File history File links Gray997. ...
For other uses, see Latins and Latin (disambiguation). ...
For other uses, see Artery (disambiguation). ...
The Posterior Superior Alveolar Artery (alveolar or posterior dental artery) is given off from the internal maxillary, frequently in conjunction with the infraorbital just as the trunk of the vessel is passing into the pterygopalatine fossa. ...
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Teeth redirects here. ...
Subclasses & Infraclasses Subclass †Allotheria* Subclass Prototheria Subclass Theria Infraclass †Trituberculata Infraclass Metatheria Infraclass Eutheria For the folk-rock band see The Mammals. ...
The interior of a functional water mill The basic anatomy of a millstone. ...
Human molars
Adult humans have twelve molars, in four groups of three at the back of the mouth. The third (rearmost) molar in each group is called a wisdom tooth. It is the last tooth to appear, breaking through the surface of the gum at about the age of twenty, although this varies from individual to individual. Ethnicity can also have an impact on the age at which this occurs, with statistical variations between groups. Wisdom teeth are the third molars that usually appear between the ages of 16 and 24. ...
The types of molars in the human mouth are:
The maxillary first molar is the tooth located laterally (away from the midline of the face) from both the maxillary second premolars of the mouth but mesial (toward the midline of the face) from both maxillary second molars. ...
The maxillary second molar is the tooth located laterally (away from the midline of the face) from both the maxillary first molars of the mouth but mesial (toward the midline of the face) from both maxillary third molars. ...
The maxillary third molar is the tooth located laterally (away from the midline of the face) from both the maxillary second molars of the mouth with no tooth posterior to it in permanent teeth. ...
The mandibular first molar is the tooth located distally (away from the midline of the face) from both the mandibular second premolars of the mouth but mesial (toward the midline of the face) from both mandibular second molars. ...
The mandibular second molar is the tooth located distally (away from the midline of the face) from both the mandibular first molars of the mouth but mesial (toward the midline of the face) from both mandibular third molars. ...
The mandibular third molar is the tooth located distally (away from the midline of the face) from both the mandibular second molars of the mouth with no tooth posterior to it in permanent teeth. ...
Molars among species Molars differ considerably from one species to another, so there are many terms describing them: - Tribosphenic: This kind is found in insectivores and young platypuses (adults have no teeth). Upper molars look like three-pointed mountain ranges; lowers look like two peaks and a third off to the side.
- Quadrate: This kind is found in humans and various other species. Four cusps are arranged in a rectangle; there may be a fifth.
- Bunodont: The cusps, instead of being sharp peaks, are rounded hills. The entire tooth is covered in enamel, and is most common among omnivores such as the pig, the bear and humans.
- Hypsodont: There is a lot of enamel and dentine above the gumline and the top of the pulp. This kind of molar is found in mammals that wear their teeth a lot, such as the horse.
- Zalambdodont: The tooth has two ridges that meet at an angle, forming the letter lambda.
- Dilambdodont: Like zalambdodont, but there are two lambdas on one tooth.
- Lophodont: The tooth has a few ridges perpendicular to the jaw.
- Selenodont: The tooth has a crescent-shaped ridge or ridges.
- Loxodont: The tooth has several parallel oblique ridges on its surface. The elephant Loxodonta is named for this feature.
Any organism with a diet that consists chiefly of insects and similar small creatures is an insectivore. ...
For other uses, see Platypus (disambiguation). ...
This article is about modern humans. ...
The word enamel can mean more than one thing: Tooth enamel Vitreous enamel Enamel (markup language) Enameled wire This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...
For other uses, see Pig (disambiguation). ...
For other uses, see Bear (disambiguation). ...
Human beings are defined variously in biological, spiritual, and cultural terms, or in combinations thereof. ...
Binomial name Equus caballus Linnaeus, 1758 The horse (Equus caballus, sometimes seen as a subspecies of the Wild Horse, Equus ferus caballus) is a large odd-toed ungulate mammal, one of ten modern species of the genus Equus. ...
Genera and Species Loxodonta Loxodonta cyclotis Loxodonta africana Elephas Elephas maximus Elephas antiquus †Elephas beyeri †Elephas celebensis †Elephas cypriotes †Elephas ekorensis †Elephas falconeri †Elephas iolensis †Elephas planifrons †Elephas platycephalus †Elephas recki †Stegodon †Mammuthus †Elephantidae (the elephants) is a family of pachyderm, and the only remaining family in the order Proboscidea...
Tribosphenic molar The molar design that is considered one of the most important characteristics of mammals is a three-cusped shape called a tribosphenic molar. This design of molar has two important features: the trigonid, or shearing end, and the talonid, or crushing heel. In modern mammals that have tribosphenic molars the trigonid is towards the front and the talonid towards the rear.
The tribosphenic design appears in all groups of mammals. Some paleontologists believe that it developed independently in monotremes, rather than being inherited from an ancestor that they share with marsupials and placentals; but this idea has critics and the debate is still going on.[1] Subclasses & Infraclasses Subclass †Allotheria* Subclass Prototheria Subclass Theria Infraclass †Trituberculata Infraclass Metatheria Infraclass Eutheria For the folk-rock band see The Mammals. ...
Families †Kollikodontidae Ornithorhynchidae Tachyglossidae †Steropodontidae Monotremes (from the Greek monos single + trema hole, referring to the cloaca) are mammals that lay eggs (Prototheria) instead of giving birth to live young like marsupials (Metatheria) and placental mammals (Eutheria). ...
This article is about mammals. ...
Orders Afrosoricida Macroscelidea Tubulidentata Hyracoidea Proboscidea Sirenia Xenarthra Dermoptera: Scandentia Primates Rodentia Lagomorpha Insectivora Chiroptera Pholidota Carnivora Perissodactyla Artiodactyla Cetacea Placentalia and Eutheria are terms used to describe major groupings within the animal class of Mammalia. ...
Also some Jurassic mammals, such as Shuotherium and Pseudotribos, have "reversed tribosphenic" molars in which the talonid is towards the front. This variant is regarded as an example of convergent evolution[2] The Jurassic Period is a major unit of the geologic timescale that extends from about 199. ...
In evolutionary biology, convergent evolution is the process whereby organisms not closely related, independently evolve similar traits as a result of having to adapt to similar environments or ecological niches. ...
Additional images Molar 47 (left), molar 46 and premolar 45(right) Download high resolution version (1682x1174, 136 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...
| Mouth (oral cavity) Image File history File links Illu_mouth. ...
| Left maxilla. Outer surface. File links The following pages link to this file: Maxilla Wikipedia:Grays Anatomy images with missing articles 4 Categories: Public domain images ...
| Base of skull. Inferior surface. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (718x1169, 147 KB) Source Originally from en. ...
| The permanent teeth, viewed from the right. Image File history File links Gray1003. ...
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See also Incisors (from Latin incidere, to cut) are the first kind of tooth in heterodont mammals. ...
In mammalian oral anatomy, the canine teeth, also called cuspids, dogteeth, fangs, or (in the case of those of the upper jaw) eye teeth, are relatively long, pointed teeth. ...
The premolar teeth or bicuspids are transitional teeth located between the canine and molar teeth. ...
References - ^ Stokstad, E. (January 2001). "Tooth Theory Revises History of Mammals". Science 291: 26. doi:10.1126/science.10.1126/SCIENCE.291.5501.26. PMID 11191993.
- ^ Luo, Zhe-Xi (November 2007). "Convergent dental adaptations in pseudo-tribosphenic and tribosphenic mammals". Nature 450 (450): 93–97. doi:10.1038/nature06221.
A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ...
A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ...
External links For pictures of various molars see The Diversity of Cheek Teeth. List of bones of the human skeleton Human anatomy is primarily the scientific study of the morphology of the adult human body. ...
An MRI scan of the head. ...
For other uses, see Head (disambiguation). ...
The face is the front part of the head and includes the hair, forehead, eyebrow, eyes, nose, ears, cheeks, mouth, lips, philtrum, teeth, skin, and chin. ...
The occipital bone [Fig. ...
In human anatomy, the forehead or brow is the bony part of the head above the eyes. ...
For other uses, see Eye (disambiguation). ...
In anatomy, the orbit is the cavity or socket of the skull in which the eye and its appendages are situated. ...
The Trochlea of superior oblique is a pully structure in the eye through which the superior oblique muscle passes. ...
For other uses, see Ear (disambiguation). ...
The temple is the side of the head behind the eyes Temple indicates the side of the head behind the eyes. ...
This article is about the anatomical feature. ...
This article is about the part of the face. ...
The scalp is the anatomical area bordered by the face anteriorly and the neck to the sides and posteriorly. ...
The visible part of the human nose is the protruding part of the face that bears the nostrils. ...
A nostril is one of the two channels of the nose, from the point where they bifurcate to the external opening. ...
The nasal septum separates the left and right airways in the nose, dividing the two nostrils. ...
The cartilage of the septum (or septal cartilage, or quadrangular cartilage) is somewhat quadrilateral in form, thicker at its margins than at its center, and completes the separation between the nasal cavities in front. ...
The greater alar cartilage (lower lateral cartilage) is a thin, flexible plate, situated immediately below the preceding, and bent upon itself in such a manner as to form the medial wall and lateral wall of the naris of its own side. ...
The part which forms the lateral wall is curved to correspond with the ala of the nose; it is oval and flattened, narrow behind, where it is connected with the frontal process of the maxilla by a tough fibrous membrane, in which are found three or four small cartilaginous plates...
The lateral cartilage (upper lateral cartilage) is situated below the inferior margin of the nasal bone, and is flattened, and triangular in shape. ...
The accessory nasal cartilages are small cartilages of the nose connecting the greater alar cartilage and lateral nasal cartilage. ...
In the septum close to the nasopalatine recess a minute orifice may be discerned; it leads backward into a blind pouch, the rudimentary vomeronasal organ of Jacobson, which is supported by a strip of cartilage, the vomeronasal cartilage (or Jacobsons cartilage). ...
Beneath the epithelium, and extending through the thickness of the mucous membrane, is a layer of tubular, often branched, glands, the olfactory glands (glands of Bowman), identical in structure with serous glands. ...
The nasal cavity (or nasal fossa) is a large air-filled space above and behind the nose in the middle of the face. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Inferior nasal conchae. ...
Above the superior concha is a narrow recess, the sphenoethmoidal recess, into which the sphenoidal sinus opens. ...
On the lateral wall of the middle meatus is a curved fissure, the hiatus semilunaris, limited below by the edge of the uncinate process of the ethmoid and above by an elevation named the bulla ethmoidalis; the middle ethmoidal cells are contained within this bulla and open on or near...
ṇ The inferior meatus, the largest of the three meatuses of the nose, is the space between the inferior concha and the floor of the nasal cavity. ...
The vomeronasal organ (VNO) or Jacobsons organ is an auxiliary olfactory sense organ in some tetrapods. ...
Paranasal sinuses are air-filled spaces, communicating with the nasal cavity, within the bones of the skull and face. ...
The nasopharynx (nasal part of the pharynx) lies behind the nose and above the level of the soft palate: it differs from the oral and laryngeal parts of the pharynx in that its cavity always remains patent (open). ...
The pharynx (plural: pharynges) is the part of the neck and throat situated immediately posterior to the mouth and nasal cavity, and cranial, or superior, to the esophagus, larynx, and trachea. ...
Choana (plural: Choanae) latinization from the Greek choanē meaning funnel is the posterior nasal aperture. ...
The base of the cartilaginous portion of the Eustachian tube lies directly under the mucous membrane of the nasal part of the pharynx, where it forms an elevation, the torus tubarius or cushion, behind the pharyngeal orifice of the tube. ...
Adenoids, or pharyngeal tonsils, are folds of lymphatic tissue covered by ciliated epithelium. ...
Behind the ostium of the auditory tube is a deep recess, the pharyngeal recess (fossa of Rosenmüller). ...
Sagittal section of nose mouth, pharynx, and larynx. ...
The palate is the roof of the mouth in humans and vertebrate animals. ...
The hard palate is a thin horizontal bony plate of the skull, otherwise known as the palatine process of the maxilla, located in the roof of the mouth. ...
The soft palate, or velum, is the soft tissue comprising the back of the roof of the mouth. ...
The palatine raphe (or median raphe) is a raphe running across the palate, from the palatine uvula to the incisive papilla. ...
The incisive papilla is a projection on the palate near the incisors. ...
For other uses, see Tongue (disambiguation). ...
Taste buds are small structures on the upper surface of the tongue, soft palate, and epiglottis that provide information about the taste of food being eaten. ...
The dorsum of the tongue is convex and marked by a median sulcus, which divides it into symmetrical halves. ...
The dorsum of the tongue is convex and marked by a median sulcus, which divides it into symmetrical halves; this sulcus ends behind, about 2. ...
The dorsum of the tongue is convex and marked by a median sulcus, which divides it into symmetrical halves; this sulcus ends behind, about 2. ...
The lingual tonsils are rounded masses of lymphatic tissue that cover the posterior region of the tongue. ...
On either side lateral to the frenulum is a slight fold of the mucous membrane, the plica fimbriata, the free edge of which occasionally exhibits a series of fringe-like processes. ...
The anterior tongue (or oral part) is the portion of the tongue in front of the terminal sulcus. ...
The Posterior tongue, or pharyngeal part, is the part of the tongue behind the terminal sulcus. ...
The Glossoepiglottic folds are the anterior or lingual surface of the epiglottis is curved forward, and covered on its upper, free part by mucous membrane which is reflected on to the sides and root of the tongue, forming a median and two lateral glossoepiglottic folds; the lateral folds are partly...
Teeth redirects here. ...
Permanent teeth are the second set of teeth formed in humans. ...
Incisors (from Latin incidere, to cut) are the first kind of tooth in heterodont mammals. ...
In mammalian oral anatomy, the canine teeth, also called cuspids, dogteeth, fangs, or (in the case of those of the upper jaw) eye teeth, are relatively long, pointed teeth. ...
The premolar teeth or bicuspids are transitional teeth located between the canine and molar teeth. ...
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The pharynx is the part of the digestive system of many animals immediately behind the mouth and in front of the esophagus. ...
The pharynx (plural: pharynges) is the part of the neck and throat situated immediately posterior to the mouth and nasal cavity, and cranial, or superior, to the esophagus, larynx, and trachea. ...
The fauces (a Latin plural word for throat; the singular faux is rarely found), in anatomy, is the hinder part of the mouth, which leads into the pharynx. ...
The palatoglossal arch (glossopalatine arch, anterior pillar of fauces) on either side runs downward, lateralward, and forward to the side of the base of the tongue, and is formed by the projection of the Glossopalatinus with its covering mucous membrane. ...
The palatopharyngeal arch (pharyngopalatine arch, posterior pillar of fauces) is larger and projects farther toward the middle line than the anterior; it runs downward, lateralward, and backward to the side of the pharynx, and is formed by the projection of the Pharyngopalatinus, covered by mucous membrane. ...
Most commonly, the term tonsils refers to the palatine tonsils that can be seen in the back of the throat. ...
Uvula redirects here. ...
The salivary glands produce saliva, which keeps the mouth and other parts of the digestive system moist. ...
For the toad wart, see parotoid gland. ...
The parotid duct is also known as Stensens duct. ...
The submandibular gland is one of the salivary glands, responsible for producing saliva. ...
The submandibular duct (Whartons duct[1], submaxillary duct) is about 5 cm. ...
The sublingual glands are salivary glands in the mouth. ...
The excretory ducts of the sublingual gland are from eight to twenty in number. ...
For other uses, see Lip (disambiguation). ...
Lips (upper and lower) are the red (or pink or brown) and soft edges covering the human mouth. ...
The lips of a female Lips are a visible organ at the mouth of humans and many animals. ...
For the publishing house, see Philtrum Press. ...
The pterygomandibular raphé (pterygomandibular ligament) is a tendinous band of the buccopharyngeal fascia, attached by one extremity to the hamulus of the medial pterygoid plate, and by the other to the posterior end of the mylohyoid line of the mandible. ...
Fascia is specialized connective tissue layer which surrounds muscles, bones, and joints, providing support and protection and giving structure to the body. ...
Parotideomasseteric Fascia (masseteric fascia). ...
The temporal fascia covers the Temporalis muscle. ...
The Galea aponeurotica is connective tissue at the back of the head. ...
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