Molecular magnets are systems where a permanent magnetization and magnetichysteresis can be achieved (although usually at extremely low temperatures) not through a three-dimensional magnetic ordering, but as a purely one-molecule phenomenon.
a high zero-field-splitting (due to high magnetic anisotropy)
The combination of these properties can lead to an energy barrier, so that, at low temperatures, the system can be trapped in one of the high-spin energy wells.
Molecular magnets exhibit an increasing product (magnetic susceptibility times temperature) with decreasing temperature, and can be characterized by a shift both in position and intensity of the a.c. magnetic susceptibility.
Molecular magnets are interesting both from a purely theoretical point of view, for their quantum behavior, and from a practical point of view, as candidates for quantum computingqubits.
All magnets are dipoles: that is, all magnets have a north and a south pole.
The end of a magnet that points toward the Earth's geographic North Pole is labeled as the north pole of the magnet; correspondingly, the end that points south is the south pole of the magnet.
Calculating the attractive or repulsive force between two magnets is, in the general case, an extremely complex operation, as it depends on the shape, magnetization, orientation and separation of the magnets.
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