Molniya("lightning") was a militarycommunications satellite system used by the Soviet Union. The satellites used highly eccentricelliptical orbits of +63.4 degrees inclination and orbital period of about 12 hours (called Molniya orbits), which allowed them to be visible to polar regions for long periods. The use of this kind of orbit was necessitated by the fact that sites near the poles are not able to communicate with satellites in geosynchronous orbits. Since October of 1967 Molniya satellites were used by the Russians for their national Orbita TV network of broadcasting and delivering of TV signal. Jump to: navigation, search U.S. military MILSTAR communications satellite A communications satellite (sometimes abbreviated to comsat) is an artificial satellite stationed in space for the purposes of telecommunications. ... In astrodynamics, under standard assumptions any orbit must be of conic section shape. ... In astrodynamics or celestial mechanics a elliptic orbit is an orbit with the eccentricity greater than 0 and less than 1. ... The orbital period is the time it takes a planet (or another object) to make one full orbit. ... Jump to: navigation, search Molniya orbit is a class of a highly elliptic orbit with inclination of +/-63. ... For other uses of the word pole, see Pole (disambiguation). ... Jump to: navigation, search A geosynchronous orbit is a geocentric orbit that has the same orbital period as the sidereal rotation period of the Earth. ... Jump to: navigation, search 1967 was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Jump to: navigation, search Orbita is a Soviet-Russian system of broadcasting and delivering TV-signal via satellites. ... Jump to: navigation, search A television network is a distribution network for television content whereby a central operation provides programming for many television stations. ...
History of development
The program has been authorized by the government decree in late 1960. After some initial failures in 1964 the first operational satellite Molniya 1-01 was launched on August 23, 1965.
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