Mon State မ္ဝန္‌ပ္ရည္‌နယ္‌ (mwan pranynai)
Capital	Mawlamyine (Moulmien)
Region	South
Area	12,155 km²
Population	2,466,000
Ethnicities	Mon, Bamar, Chin, Kachin, Kayin, Rakhine, Shan, Anglo-Burmese
Religions	Buddhism, Christianity

Mon State's seal is a hintha (mythical duck), which is the symbol of the Mon people.

Mon State is an administrative division of Myanmar. It is sandwiched between Kayin State on the east, the Andaman Sea on the west, Bago Division on the north and Tanintharyi Division on the south.It has a short border with Thailand's Kanchanaburi Province at its south-eastern tip. The land area is 12,155 sq. km. Mon State includes many small islands along its 566 km of coastline. Image File history File links Monstateflag. ... Mawlamyine (Burmese: ; formerly Moulmein) is the capital and largest city in Mon State, Myanmar. ... Mon may refer to: Monday, the day of the week between Sunday and Tuesday mon (monster) in anime, a sort of monster character Môn or Anglesey, an island in Wales Mon State, a subdivision of Myanmar Mon people, a Southeast Asian ethnicity Mon language Mon, India, a town in... The Bamar (Burmese: ဗမာ; IPA: ), sometimes called Burman, are the dominant ethnic group of Myanmar, constituting approximately 68% (30,000,000) of the population. ... Chin may refer to: In the human anatomy, the chin is the lowermost part of the face. ... Kachin is a state of Burma. ... Kayin can refer to: Kayin State, an administrative division of Burma alternative spelling for Cain A character in the Battle Arena Toshinden series This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same title. ... The Union of Myanmar, also known as Burma, is a country in Southeast Asia. ... The Shan (Burmese: ) are an ethnic group of Southeast Asia. ... The Anglo-Burmese, also known as the Anglo-Burmans, are a community of Eurasians of Burmese and European descent, and emerged as a distinct community through mixed relations (sometimes permanent, sometimes temporary) between the British and other European settlers, and the local Burmese ethnic groups from 1826 until 1948 when... Buddhism is a religion and philosophy focusing on the teachings of the Buddha Śākyamuni (Pāli:Sakyamuni), born Siddhārtha (Pāli: Siddhattha) of the Gautama (Pāli: Gotama) gotra, who probably lived in the 5th century BCE. Buddhism spread throughout the ancient Indian sub-continent in the five centuries... Christianity is a monotheistic religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth, known by Christians as Jesus Christ, as recounted in the New Testament. ... Image File history File links File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Mon. ... Image File history File links Seal_monstate. ... Image File history File links Seal_monstate. ... The Kayin State is an administrative division of Myanmar and also known as Karen state. ... The Andaman Sea is a body of water to the southeast of the Bay of Bengal, south of Myanmar and west of Thailand; it is part of the Indian Ocean. ... Bago Division is an administrative divisionof Myanmar, located in the southern portion of the country. ... Tanintharyi, better known by the old name Tenasserim, is a division of Myanmar, covering the long narrow southern part of the country on the Kra Isthmus. ... Kanchanaburi (Thai กาญจนบุรี) is the largest of the central provinces (changwat) of Thailand. ...

Its capital is Mawlamyine, formerly Moulmein. Mawlamyine (formerly Moulmein) is the capital and largest city in Mon State, Myanmar. ... Mawlamyine (formerly Moulmein) is the capital and largest city in Mon State, Myanmar. ...

Demographics

Although there are no modern figures on the population of Mon State, it is estimated that the population is around 8,466,000. The majority are Mon. However, there is a large number of ethnic Bamar, as well as members of the Kayin,and Pa-O ethnic groups. Many are isolated and many do not understand or speak Burmese. The majority of people are Buddhist. Mon may refer to: Monday, the day of the week between Sunday and Tuesday mon (monster) in anime, a sort of monster character Môn or Anglesey, an island in Wales Mon State, a subdivision of Myanmar Mon people, a Southeast Asian ethnicity Mon language Mon, India, a town in... The Bamar (Burmese: ဗမာ; IPA: ), sometimes called Burman, are the dominant ethnic group of Myanmar, constituting approximately 68% (30,000,000) of the population. ... Kayin can refer to: Kayin State, an administrative division of Burma alternative spelling for Cain A character in the Battle Arena Toshinden series This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same title. ... A replica of an ancient statue found among the ruins of a temple at Sarnath Buddhism is a philosophy based on the teachings of the Buddha, Siddhārtha Gautama, a prince of the Shakyas, whose lifetime is traditionally given as 566 to 486 BCE. It had subsequently been accepted by...

Economy

Mon State has a cultivated area of nearly 4.5 million acres (18,000 km²), mostly under rice. The major secondary crop is rubber. Orchards and rubber many kind of plantations are found in the mountainous areas. Coastal fishing and production of dried fish, fish sauce and agar-agar are important enterprises. Forests cover around half of the land, and timber production is one of the major contributors to the economy. Minerals include salt, antimony, and granite. Industry includes paper, sugar, rubber tires. Species Oryza glaberrima Oryza sativa Rice refers to two species (Oryza sativa and Oryza glaberrima) of grass, native to tropical and subtropical southeastern Asia and to Africa, which together provide more than one fifth of the calories consumed by humans. ... Rubber is an elastic hydrocarbon polymer which occurs as a milky emulsion (known as latex) in the sap of several varieties of plants though can be produced synthetically. ... Agar is a galactose polymer obtained from the cell walls of some species of red algae or seaweeds (Sphaerococcus Euchema and Gelidium species), chiefly from eastern Asia. ... A magnified crystal of a salt (halite/sodium chloride) In chemistry, a salt is any ionic compound composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions, so that the product is neutral and without a net charge. ... General Name, Symbol, Number antimony, Sb, 51 Chemical series metalloids Group, Period, Block 15, 5, p Appearance silvery lustrous grey Atomic mass 121. ... Quarrying granite for the Mormon Temple, Utah Territory. ... Piece of paper Paper is a thin, flat material produced by the compression of fibers (or fibres). ... Magnified view of refined sugar crystals. ... Firestone tire A tire (US spelling) or tyre (UK spelling) is a roughly toroidal piece of (usually) rubber placed on a wheel to cushion it. ...

Natural resources such as forest products, and onshore and offshore mineral resources, are exploited only by top Myanmar military leaders and foreign companies. At the present time one of the biggest foreign investments into Myanmar is for the exploitation of natural gas reserves in Mon State. Natural gas, commonly referred to as gas, is a gaseous fossil fuel consisting primarily of methane. ...

Sites of interest

• Kyaiktiyo Pagoda (or) kyaik-isi-yo pagoda - A famous religious site with a steeple built on a rock covered with gold leaf, precariously balanced on the site of a cliff. Legend says that Buddha's hair was placed inside the pagoda, and its power keeps the rock from falling.
• Thaton - the former capital of an ancient Mon kingdom, much earlier than Bagan.
• Thanbyuzayat War Memorial - connected with the Bridge on the River Kwai.

A side view of Kyaiktiyo Pagoda Kyaiktiyo Pagoda (Burmese: ) is a famous Buddhist pilgrimage site in Mon State, Myanmar. ... Thaton is a town in Mon State, in southern Myanmar on the Tenasserim plains. ... Temples in Pagan. ... Typical river houses with thatched roofs on the River Kwai The River Kwai, more correctly Khwae Noi (Thai แควน้อย, English small tributary), is a river in western Thailand, near the border with Myanmar. ...

History

The Mon were one of the earliest ethnic groups to occupy Burma, moving into the area possibly as early as 1500 BC. The first recorded Mon kingdom, Suwarnabhumi, was centered on Thaton in 300 BC. The Mon converted to Theravada Buddhism around 200 BC. The Mon prospered until around 1000 AD when they came under pressure from new ethnic groups arriving from the north. Successive waves of Burmese and Thai groups slowly eroded the Mon kingdoms, and the last independent Mon kingdom fell to the Burmese in 1757. Thaton is a town in Mon State, in southern Myanmar on the Tenasserim plains. ... Theravada (Pali; Sanskrit: Sthaviravada) is one of the eighteen (or twenty) Nikāya schools that formed early in the history of Buddhism. ...

Lower Burma, including what is now Mon State, was conquered by Great Britain in 1824 after the Second Anglo-Burmese War. The Mon assisted the British in the war, in return for promises of their own leadership after the defeat of Burma. Hundreds of thousands of Mons who had migrated into Siam returned to their homeland when it came under British rule. However, British promises to restore the Mon Kingdom were never fulfilled. During colonial times, Moulmein had a substantial Anglo-Burmese population; an area of the city was known as 'Little England' due to the large Anglo-Burmese community, however nowadays this has dwindled to all but a handful of families as most have left for the UK or Australia. Burma is divided into 7 states and 7 divisions: Categories: Myanmar | Subdivisions of Myanmar | States of Myanmar | Divisions of Myanmar ... The Second Anglo-Burmese War took place in 1852. ... For the country formerly called Siam see Thailand SIAM is an acronym for Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics. ... The Anglo-Burmese, also known as the Anglo-Burmans, are a community of Eurasians of Burmese and European descent, and emerged as a distinct community through mixed relations (sometimes permanent, sometimes temporary) between the British and other European settlers, and the local Burmese ethnic groups from 1826 until 1948 when... The Anglo-Burmese, also known as the Anglo-Burmans, are a community of Eurasians of Burmese and European descent, and emerged as a distinct community through mixed relations (sometimes permanent, sometimes temporary) between the British and other European settlers, and the local Burmese ethnic groups from 1826 until 1948 when...

In 1947, the Mon sought self-determination from the yet unformed Union of Burma; however Burmese Prime Minister U Nu refused, saying that no separate national rights for the Mon should be contemplated. The Burmese army moved into areas claimed by the Mon nationalists and imposed rule by force which resulted in a civil war. Mon separatists formed the Mon Peoples Front, which was later superseded by the New Mon State Party (NMSP) in 1962. Since 1949, the eastern hills of the state (as well as portions of Thaninthaya Division) have been under control of the NMSP, and its military arm, the Mon National Liberation Front (MNLF). In addition to fighting the central government, the MNLF has also fought the Karen over control of lucrative border crossings into Thailand. Self-determination is a principle in international law that a people ought to be able to determine their own governmental forms and structure free from outside influence. ... Prime Minister U Nu U Nu (otherwise known as Thakin Nu; May 25, 1907 - February 14, 1995) was a Burmese nationalist and political figure. ... Karen can refer to the Karen people of south-east Asia. ...

In 1974, partially to assuage Mon separatist demands, the theoretically autonomous Mon State, was created out of portions of Thaninthayi Division, Bago Division, and Ayeyarwady Division. Resistance continued until 1995, when NMSP and SLORC agreed a cease-fire and in 1996, the Mon Unity League was founded. SLORC troops continued to operate in defiance of the agreement. The human rights situation in Mon State has not improved. International organizations have repeatedly accused the Myanmar government for massive human rights violations in Mon State, including forced labor, arbitrary detention, population transfer, property confiscation, rape, etc. Political separatism is a movement to obtain sovereignty and split a territory or group of people (usually a people with a distinctive national consciousness) from one another (or one nation from another; a colony from the metropolis). ... Tanintharyi, better known by the old name Tenasserim, is a division of Myanmar, covering the long narrow southern part of the country on the Kra Isthmus. ... Bago Division is an administrative divisionof Myanmar, located in the southern portion of the country. ... Ayeyarwady Division is a division of Myanmar, occupying the delta region of the Ayeyarwady or Irrawaddy River. ... SLORC, or the State Law and Order Restoration Council, has provided military government in Myanmar since 1989. ... Human rights are rights which some hold to be inalienable and belonging to all humans. ... When a government violates national or international law related to the protection of human rights, this is termed a human rights violation. ... Population transfer is a term referring to a policy by which a state, or international authority, forces the movement of a large group of people out of a region, most frequently on the basis of their ethnicity or religion. ...

Subdivisions of Myanmar (formerly Burma)
Divisions:	Ayeyarwady | Bago | Magway | Mandalay | Sagaing | Tanintharyi | Yangon
States:	Chin | Kachin | Kayah | Kayin | Mon | Rakhine | Shan