NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Monarchy in the Canadian provinces

Each of the provinces within Canada uses a Westminster System of constitutional monarchy for its government, under Queen Elizabeth II as the reigning Queen of Canada since February 6, 1952. Due to Canada's federal nature, eleven legally distinct Crowns effectively exist in the country, with the Monarch being represented separately in each province, as well as at the federal level. Lieutenant-Governor of British Columbia, Iona Campagnolo. ... Canada is a constitutional monarchy with Queen Elizabeth II as the reigning monarch since February 6, 1952. ... Arms of Her Majesty in Right of Saskatchewan, assigned by royal warrant of King Edward VII in 1906. ... Canada is a constitutional monarchy with Queen Elizabeth II as the reigning monarch since February 6, 1952. ... The Queens representative in Ontario, His Honour The Honourable James K. Bartleman. ... The Arms of Her Majesty in Right of Quebec (1939-present) Canada is a constitutional monarchy with Queen Elizabeth II as the reigning monarch since February 6, 1952. ... Canada is a constitutional monarchy with Queen Elizabeth II as the reigning monarch since February 6, 1952. ... The Arms of Her Majesty in Right of Nova Scotia, granted by King Charles I in 1635. ... Canada is a constitutional monarchy with Queen Elizabeth II as the reigning monarch since February 6, 1952. ... The Arms of Her Majesty in Right of Newfoundland and Labrador, granted by King Charles I in 1637. ... A Lieutenant Governor or Lieutenant-Governor is a government official who is the subordinate or deputy of a Governor or Governor-General. ... Categories: Lieutenant Governors of British Columbia | Lists of office-holders ... This is a list of the lieutenant-governors of Alberta, Canada, since its establishment in 1905. ... This is a list of the lieutenant-governors of Saskatchewan, Canada, since its establishment in 1905. ... This is a historical list of the lieutenant governors of Manitoba, a province of Canada. ... This is a list of Lieutenant Governors of the Canadian province of Ontario. ... This is a list of Lieutenant Governors of the Canadian province of Quebec. ... Lieutenant-Governors of New Brunswick prior to Confederation Lieutenant-Governors of New Brunswick post-Confederation Categories: Lieutenant Governors of New Brunswick | Lists of office-holders ... British Governors of Nova Scotia from 1710 to Confederation Lieutenant-Governors of Nova Scotia post-Confederation Categories: Nova Scotia | Lieutenant Governors of Nova Scotia ... This is a list of viceroys for Prince Edward Island (which was known as until 1799). ... This is a list of viceroys for the colony, dominion and province of Newfoundland and Labrador. ... Map of Canada As shown by the map to the left, the North American nation of Canada is a federation which consists of ten provinces that, together with three territories, make up the worlds second largest country in total area. ... The Houses of Parliament in London The Westminster system is a democratic parliamentary system of government modeled after that of the United Kingdom system, as used in the Palace of Westminster, the location of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. ... This does not cite its references or sources. ... Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor; born 21 April 1926) is Queen of sixteen sovereign states, holding each crown and title equally. ... A queen regnant is a female monarch who possesses all the monarchal powers that a king would have without regard to gender. ... The Arms of Her Majesty in Right of Canada, proclaimed by King George V, November 21, 1921. ... February 6 is the 37th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1952 (MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ...

Constitutional monarchy in the provinces

Across the country the Canadian Crown is unitary; Eugene Forsey wrote in Crown and Cabinet: "The first thing to get clear is that the provinces are not themselves 'monarchies.' They are part of a constitutional monarchy, Canada. The Queen is Queen of Canada, not Queen of Ontario, Queen of Quebec, Queen of British Columbia, etc. She is, of course, Queen in all these provinces. But she is 'Queen of Canada,' and it is as such that she is Queen in each of the provinces." Albertas first Legislature, Edmonton, 1906 The government of Alberta is carried out by a provincial government resembling that of the other Canadian provinces. ... Canada is a constitutional monarchy and a Commonwealth Realm with Queen Elizabeth II as its reigning monarch and head of state. ... This is a list of the lieutenant-governors of Alberta, Canada, since its establishment in 1905. ... Norman Lim Kwong, CM, AOE, a. ... Categories: Canada-related stubs | Alberta premiers ... Ralph Phillip Klein MLA (born November 1, 1942), leader of the Alberta Progressive Conservatives, is the current premier of the Canadian province of Alberta. ... Motto: Fortis et liber (Latin: Strong and free) Official languages English (see below) Flower Wild rose Tree Lodgepole Pine Bird Great Horned Owl Capital Edmonton Largest city Calgary Lieutenant-Governor Norman Kwong Premier Ed Stelmach (PC) Parliamentary representation - House seats - Senate seats 28 6 Area Total - Land - Water (% of total... May 23 is the 143rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (144th in leap years). ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Arms of Her Majesty in Right of Canada, proclaimed by King George V, November 21, 1921. ... Hon. ... Map of Canada As shown by the map to the left, the North American nation of Canada is a federation which consists of ten provinces that, together with three territories, make up the worlds second largest country in total area. ...

Under this system the headship of state is not a part of either the federal or provincial jurisdictions; through the Governors General and Lieutenant, the Queen reigns impartially over the country as a whole; meaning the sovereignty of the provinces is passed on not by the Governor General or the Canadian Parliament, but through the Crown itself. This means that the Crown is "divided" into eleven legal jurisdictions; into eleven "crowns" - one federal and ten provincial, as demonstrated in the fact that the same Queen takes on two different legal personas when a provincial government files a lawsuit against the federal government (See: Legal role). Jacques Monet stated in his book The Canadian Crown: "The adaptation of the Crown to a federal system was a unique and daring experiment. But it works. The sovereignty of the same Crown is exercised by different representatives in different jurisdictions. Thus, diversity has been reconciled to unity." Or, as David Smith notes in his book The Invisible Crown that the provinces became a "constitutional amalgam ... called compound monarchy." This means the status of the provincial Vice-regals is crucial to provincial co-sovereignty and federalism.^[1] Queen Elizabeth II, is the Head of State of 16 countries including: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, Jamaica, New Zealand and the Bahamas, as well as crown colonies and overseas territories of the United Kingdom. ... Sovereignty is the exclusive right to exercise supreme political (e. ... The Parliament of Canada (French: Parlement du Canada) is Canadas legislative branch, seated at Parliament Hill in Ottawa, Ontario. ... It has been suggested that civil trial be merged into this article or section. ... The Arms of Her Majesty in Right of Canada, proclaimed by King George V, November 21, 1921. ...

Because the Canadian Monarch does not reside in any of the provinces, a Lieutenant Governor serves as the Queen's representative in the province, carrying out all the Monarch's constitutional and ceremonial duties of state on her behalf. The Governor General appoints the Lieutenant Governors on the advice of the Prime Mininster, and in consultation with the relevant provincial premier. In Canada, the lieutenant-governor (often without a hyphen[1], pronounced ), in French lieutenant-gouverneur/lieutenant-gouverneure (always with a hyphen), is the Canadian Monarchs, or Crown, representative in a province, much as the Governor General is her representative at the national level. ... The Governor General of Canada (French: Gouverneure gÃ©nÃ©rale du Canada or Gouverneur gÃ©nÃ©ral du Canada) is the representative of the Canadian Monarch. ... The Prime Minister of Canada (French: Premier ministre du Canada), is the head of the Government of Canada. ...

In the past, the provincial crowns were seen by the Dominion Government in Ottawa and the Foreign Affairs office in London to be subordinate to the federal crown, and it was even expected that Royal Assent would be given to provincial legislation in the name of the Governor General instead of the Queen. However, the latter rule was never followed in Ontario and Quebec, with the other provinces soon following suit. In 1892 the legitimacy of the Lieutenant Governors as direct representatives of the Sovereign in the provinces was set down by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, which stated: "the Lieutenant Governor ... is as much a representative of Her Majesty, for all purposes of Provincial Government as the Governor General himself is, for all purposes of Dominion Government."^[2] Today, though they continue to be appointed by the Governor General, the Lieutenant Governors are now considered to be direct representatives of the Sovereign. This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council is one of the highest courts in the United Kingdom. ...

The Commissioners of Canada's territories of Nunavut, Yukon, and Northwest Territories are appointed by the Governor-in-Council, at the recommendation of the federal Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development. But as the territories are not sovereign entities, the commissioners are not representatives of the Sovereign. They receive instruction from the said Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development. Image File history File links CanadaLtGovernorswithMichaelleJean. ... Image File history File links CanadaLtGovernorswithMichaelleJean. ... The Governor General of Canada (French: Gouverneure gÃ©nÃ©rale du Canada or Gouverneur gÃ©nÃ©ral du Canada) is the representative of the Canadian Monarch. ... Rideau Hall is the official residence of the Governor General of Canada, and is the place of residence of the Monarch of Canada when visiting Ottawa. ... September 28 is the 271st day of the year (272nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Commissioner is a designation that may be used for a variety of official positions, especially referring to a high-ranking public (administrative or police) official, or an analogous official in the private sector (e. ... Motto: Nunavut Sannginivut (Inuktitut: Nunavut our strength or Our land our strength) Official languages Inuktitut, Inuinnaqtun, English, French Flower Purple Saxifrage Tree Bird Rock Ptarmigan Capital Iqaluit Largest city Iqaluit Commissioner Ann Meekitjuk Hanson Premier Paul Okalik (Independent) Parliamentary representation - House seats - Senate seats 1 (Nancy Karetak-Lindell) 1 (Willie... This article is about Yukon Territory in Canada. ... Motto: none Official languages Chipewyan, Cree, English, French, Gwichâ€™in, Inuinnaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, South Slavey, TÃ¥Ã®chÃ´ [1] Flower Mountain avens Tree Tamarack Bird Gyr Falcon Capital Yellowknife Largest city Yellowknife Commissioner Tony Whitford Premier Joe Handley (Consensus government (no party affiliations)) Parliamentary representation - House seats - Senate seats... In the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the Queen-in-Council is the legal designation of the executive branch of government. ... In the Cabinet of Canada, The Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development really heads two different departments. ...

Any constitutional amendment that affects the Crown in the provinces requires the unanimous consent of the provincial legislatures, along with the federal parliament, rather than the two-thirds majority necessary for most other amendments. In Canada, the lieutenant-governor (often without a hyphen, pronounced ), in French lieutenant-gouverneur (always with a hyphen), is the Queens, or Crown, representative in a province, much as the Governor General is her representative at the national level. ... The Parliament of Canada (French: Parlement du Canada) is Canadas legislative branch, seated at Parliament Hill in Ottawa, Ontario. ...

Duties

As in the other Commonwealth Realms, the Monarch's role, and thereby the Vice-regal's role, is almost entirely symbolic and cultural, acting as a symbol of the legal authority under which all governments operate, and the powers that are constitutionally hers are exercised wholly upon the advice of the elected government. Lise Thibault (b. ... This is a list of Lieutenant Governors of the Canadian province of Quebec. ... The Commonwealth Realms, shown in pink A Commonwealth Realm is any one of the 16 sovereign states of the Commonwealth of Nations that separately recognise Queen Elizabeth II as their monarch. ...

The lieutenant governors hold considerable constitutional and reserve powers. However, it has been correctly said that since the death, in 1714, of Queen Anne, the last monarch to head the British cabinet (when almost all of Canada was still French colonial territory), that the monarch "reigns" but does not "rule". In Canada, this has been true since the Treaty of Paris (1763) ended the reign of Canada's last absolute monarch, King Louis XV of France. Thus, today the reserve powers are almost always exercised wholly upon the advice of the elected government. These include granting or withholding Royal Assent from legislation; Royal Assent and proclamation being required for all acts of the legislature, granted or withheld with the provincial Seal. The vice-regal may reserve a bill for the Governor General's pleasure, that is to say, allow the Governor General (who may in turn defer to the Monarch) to make a personal decision on the bill. The Monarch has the power to disallow a bill (within a time limit specified by the constitution). In exceptional circumstances, however, the Monarch or vice-regal has acted against such advice based upon his or her reserve powers. One interesting constitutional question is the role of the Lieutenant-Governor of Quebec in the hypothetical case of the Quebec National Assembly voting to unilaterally secede. Some have argued that in this situation, the lieutenant-governor not only could refuse Royal Assent, but would be duty bound to do so. The lieutenant-governor also carries out such duties as reading the Speech from the Throne, swearing in premiers and Cabinet ministers, and opening legislative sessions. A reserve power is a power that may be exercised by the head of state of a country in certain exceptional circumstances. ... Anne (6 February 1665 â€“ 1 August 1714) became Queen of England and Ireland and Queen of Scots on 8 March 1702. ... The Treaty of Paris, often called the Peace of Paris or the Treaty of 1763, was signed on February 10, 1763, by the kingdoms of Great Britain, France and Spain, with Portugal in agreement. ... Louis XV of France (February 15, 1710 â€“ May 10, 1774), the Beloved (French: le Bien-AimÃ©), was King of France from 1715 until his death. ... // The granting of Royal Assent is the formal method by which a constitutional monarch completes the legislative process of lawmaking by formally assenting to an Act of Parliament. ... // The granting of Royal Assent is the formal method by which a constitutional monarch completes the legislative process of lawmaking by formally assenting to an Act of Parliament. ... A reserve power is a power that may be exercised by the head of state of a country in certain exceptional circumstances. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The Quebec Parliament Building at night The National Assembly is the legislative body of the Canadian province of Quebec. ... The Quebec sovereignty movement is a political movement aimed at attaining independent statehood (sovereignty) for the Canadian province of Quebec. ... // The granting of Royal Assent is the formal method by which a constitutional monarch completes the legislative process of lawmaking by formally assenting to an Act of Parliament. ... Queen Elizabeth II reads Canadas Speech from the Throne in 1977 The Speech from the Throne (or Throne Speech) is an event in certain monarchies in which the monarch (or a representative) reads a prepared speech to a complete session of parliament, outlining the governments agenda for the... A cabinet is a body of high-ranking members of government, typically representing the executive branch. ...

The lieutenant governor also bestows relevant provincial honours upon the province's citizens (save for the Lieutenant-Governor of Quebec), and attends numerous official and "working" (for charity, military, etc.) functions either within the province or abroad. The Queen, other members of the Canadian Royal Family, and/or the Lieutenant Governor also attend various functions throughout the province and abroad, either as the host or a guest of honour. In 2004, the Canadian vice-regal office holders participated in over 4100 engagements in total.^[3] The Queen of Canada, Queen Elizabeth II The Canadian honours system has developed as a unique entity since the centennial of Canadian Confederation in 1967 when the first distinctly Canadian honour, the Order of Canada was created. ... The Arms of Her Majesty in Right of Canada, proclaimed by King George V, November 21, 1921. ...

Legal role

All laws in the provinces are enacted with the vice-regal's signature; there is some debate over whether the monarch is constitutionally allowed to perform this task. The granting of a signature to a bill is known as Royal Assent; it and proclamation are required for all acts of the provincial legislature, usually granted or withheld by the Lieutenant Governor, with the pertinent Great Seal. A Lieutenant Governor may defer bills to the Governor General, who may in turn defer to the Monarch who has the power to disallow a bill (within a time limit specified by the constitution). As all laws are the Queen's laws, all bills begin with the phrase "Therefore, Her Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of [name], enacts as follows..."^[4] Image of Great Seal of Ontario File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image of Great Seal of Ontario File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... // The granting of Royal Assent is the formal method by which a constitutional monarch completes the legislative process of lawmaking by formally assenting to an Act of Parliament. ...

In each province the legal personality of the State is referred to as "Her Majesty the Queen in Right of [name]." For example, a case in which the province of Ontario sues the federal government would formally be called Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Ontario v. Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. The Monarch as an individual takes no more role in such an affair than in any other business of government. A state is a set of institutions that possess the authority to make the rules that govern the people in one or more societies, having internal and external sovereignty over a definite territory. ...

Throughout the Commonwealth Realms The Crown is an abstract concept which represents the legal authority for the existence of any government. ...

Representation of the state

At one time the monarchy was considered a purely British institution, when most Canadians still continued to be both legally, and by personal view, British subjects. However, paralleling the changes in constitutional law, and the evolution of Canadian nationalism, the cultural role of the Monarchy in Canada altered. Today, the Sovereign is regarded as the personification of the state, and is the "personal symbol of allegiance, unity and authority for all Canadians." ^[5]

Finance

Funding for the provincial crowns is split between the federal and provincial governments. Citizens of the provinces do not pay any monies to the Queen, either for personal income or to support the Royal residences outside of Canada. Only when the Queen is in the province does any provincial government support her in the performance of her duties. This rule applies equally to other members of the Royal Family. When in the province, the Monarch's expenses are split between the federal and provincial governments, where the province may pay for accomodation and transport, and Ottawa may pay for security.

As the lieutenant-governor is a federal appointee, his or her salary is paid by the federal government, as well as some of the other associated costs of the office. Unlike the Governor General, the salaries of lieutenant-governors are fully taxed. The other monies put forward by the federal government go towards the exercise of their duties, in two parts: "In Capital City Expenses" and "Out of Capital City Expenses." Retired lieutenant-governors receive a superannuation, paid through the Department of Canadian Heritage, though these funds are actually garnished off of the vice-regal salaries during the occupant's time in office. The Department of Canadian Heritage, also referred to as Heritage Canada or simply Department of Heritage, is the department of the government of Canada with responsibility for policies regarding the arts, culture, media, communications networks, and sports and multiculturalism. ...

There is no uniform way in which each province funds its lieutenant-governor, and the amounts vary, depending on the facilities available to the lieutenant-governor, how they are used, which departments support them, and how the expenditures are listed in provincial estimates.^[6]

Symbols

Though most royal symbols visible in the provinces are representative of the national crown (ie. the Royal Standard or stamps), each province does have its own coat of arms which are the arms of the Queen in right of each province. The Queens Personal Canadian Flag, sometimes called the Royal Standard of Canada, is the personal standard, that is to say official flag, of Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada. ... 49 cent Canadian stamp featuring Her Majesty the Queen 50 cent Canadian stamp featuring Her Majesty the Queen At Rideau Hall, on December 19, 2003, Governor General Adrienne Clarkson, along with Canada Post President and CEO AndrÃ© Ouellet and Canadian pop music artist Bryan Adams, unveiled a 49 cent domestic... A modern coat of arms is derived from the medi val practice of painting designs onto the shield and outer clothing of knights to enable them to be identified in battle, and later in tournaments. ...

While God Save the Queen is the national royal anthem, the Vice-Regal Salutes includes the first six bars of God Save the Queen, which then modulate into the first four and last four bars of O Canada. The Vice-Regal Salutes are played only for the lieutenant governors, or Governor General, as they represent Canada's monarch. God Save the King/Queen is a patriotic hymn, and the national anthem of the United Kingdom. ... In the Commonwealth Realms, a Vice Regal Salute is a short piece of music played in front of a governor-general, governor or lieutenant governor as a form of salute to him/her during certain formal ceremonies. ...

Each lieutenant governor also has a personal flag, consisting of a blue field bearing the relevant provincial coat of arms surrounded by ten gold maple leafs, symbolizing each of the ten provinces. Map of Canada As shown by the map to the left, the North American nation of Canada is a federation which consists of ten provinces that, together with three territories, make up the worlds second largest country in total area. ...

Honours

In 1999, Queen Elizabeth II approved the design of a Vice-Regal Badge of Service. The distinctive badge features a diamond-like shape framing a red circle with a maple leaf. The lieutenant-governor's badge is gold in appearance and the badge of one's spouse is silver. On January 1, 2000, all living current and former lieutenant-governors and their spouses were presented with this badge.^[7] Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor; born 21 April 1926) is Queen of sixteen sovereign states, holding each crown and title equally. ... January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. ... This article is about the year 2000. ...

The Lieutenant Governor's Award is also presented by Heritage Canada to an individual or group who has achieved an outstanding result in heritage conservation in the province in which the Heritage Canada Foundation's annual conference is held. The Heritage Canada Foundation (also known as Heritage Canada; in French, La fondation HÃ©ritage Canada also known as HÃ©ritage Canada) is a registered charity with the mandate to encourage the protection and promotion of the built, natural, historic and scenic heritage of Canada. ...

Other

For official residences, additional symbols, and other more specific information on the Crown in each of the provinces, see the relevant articles: Monarchy in British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland and Labrador. Canada is a constitutional monarchy with Queen Elizabeth II as the reigning monarch since February 6, 1952. ... Lieutenant-Governor of British Columbia, Iona Campagnolo. ... Arms of Her Majesty in Right of Saskatchewan, assigned by royal warrant of King Edward VII in 1906. ... Canada is a constitutional monarchy with Queen Elizabeth II as the reigning monarch since February 6, 1952. ... The Queens representative in Ontario, His Honour The Honourable James K. Bartleman. ... The Arms of Her Majesty in Right of Quebec (1939-present) Canada is a constitutional monarchy with Queen Elizabeth II as the reigning monarch since February 6, 1952. ... Canada is a constitutional monarchy with Queen Elizabeth II as the reigning monarch since February 6, 1952. ... Canada is a constitutional monarchy with Queen Elizabeth II as the reigning monarch since February 6, 1952. ... The Arms of Her Majesty in Right of Nova Scotia, granted by King Charles I in 1635. ... The Arms of Her Majesty in Right of Newfoundland and Labrador, granted by King Charles I in 1637. ... This article is about Yukon Territory in Canada. ... Motto: none Official languages Chipewyan, Cree, English, French, Gwichâ€™in, Inuinnaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, South Slavey, TÃ¥Ã®chÃ´ [1] Flower Mountain avens Tree Tamarack Bird Gyr Falcon Capital Yellowknife Largest city Yellowknife Commissioner Tony Whitford Premier Joe Handley (Consensus government (no party affiliations)) Parliamentary representation - House seats - Senate seats... Motto: Nunavut Sannginivut (Inuktitut: Nunavut our strength or Our land our strength) Official languages Inuktitut, Inuinnaqtun, English, French Flower Purple Saxifrage Tree Bird Rock Ptarmigan Capital Iqaluit Largest city Iqaluit Commissioner Ann Meekitjuk Hanson Premier Paul Okalik (Independent) Parliamentary representation - House seats - Senate seats 1 (Nancy Karetak-Lindell) 1 (Willie... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (852x698, 139 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Geography of Canada Same-sex marriage in Canada Egale Canada Same-sex marriage in Yukon Same-sex marriage... Lieutenant-Governor of British Columbia, Iona Campagnolo. ... Canada is a constitutional monarchy with Queen Elizabeth II as the reigning monarch since February 6, 1952. ... Arms of Her Majesty in Right of Saskatchewan, assigned by royal warrant of King Edward VII in 1906. ... Canada is a constitutional monarchy with Queen Elizabeth II as the reigning monarch since February 6, 1952. ... The Queens representative in Ontario, His Honour The Honourable James K. Bartleman. ... The Arms of Her Majesty in Right of Quebec (1939-present) Canada is a constitutional monarchy with Queen Elizabeth II as the reigning monarch since February 6, 1952. ... Canada is a constitutional monarchy with Queen Elizabeth II as the reigning monarch since February 6, 1952. ... The Arms of Her Majesty in Right of Nova Scotia, granted by King Charles I in 1635. ... Canada is a constitutional monarchy with Queen Elizabeth II as the reigning monarch since February 6, 1952. ... The Arms of Her Majesty in Right of Newfoundland and Labrador, granted by King Charles I in 1637. ...

See also

This is a table of the current lieutenant-governors of Canadas ten provinces and the commissioners of its three territories. ...

Footnotes

Categories: Monarchy in Canada | Government of Canada Image File history File links Flag_of_Canada. ... This is a list of Canada-related topics. ... Canada is a country of 32 million inhabitants that occupies the northern portion of the North American continent, and is the worlds second largest country in area. ... Flag Capital Quebec Language(s) French Religion Roman Catholicism Government Monarchy King See List of French monarchs Governor See list of Governors Legislature Sovereign Council of New France Historical era Ancien RÃ©gime in France - Royal Control 1655 - Articles of Capitulation of Quebec 1759 - Articles of Capitulation of Montreal 1760... // Main article: Province of Quebec (1763-1791) In North America, Seven Years War officially ended with the signing of the Treaty of Paris on February 10, 1763. ... // Confederation Main article: Canadian Confederation Fathers of Confederation meet in Quebec City In the 1860s, in the wake of the American Civil War, the British were concerned with possible American reprisals against Canada for Britains tacit support of the Confederacy. ... A Canadian WWI recruiting poster // World War I Main article: Military History of Canada during WWI On June 28, 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary was assassinated, setting off a chain of events leading to World War I. By August 4, Britain had declared war on Germany and, as... The Post-war world The Second World War brought many changes to Canada; the government was necessarily more centralized during the war, and it remained so afterwards. ... // Main article: Great Flag Debate Diefenbaker was succeeded by Pearson in 1963, at a time of increasing political unrest in much of the Western world. ... // The New constitution Main article: Patriation In 1982 Britain passed the Canada Act, repatriating the Constitution of Canada. ... // Chretien years and the 1995 referendum Jean ChrÃ©tien became prime minister in the 1993 election, pledging to repeal the GST, which proved to be unfeasible due to the economic circumstances at the time. ... This is a brief timeline of the history of Canada. ... Canadian soldiers advancing behind a tank at the Battle of Vimy Ridge, one of Canadas greatest military victories. ... Canadian historians until the 1960s tended to focus on economic history, including labour history. ... The constitutional history of Canada begins with the 1763 Treaty of Paris, in which France ceded most of New France to Great Britain. ... Canada is a constitutional monarchy and a Commonwealth Realm (see Monarchy in Canada) with a federal system of parliamentary government, and strong democratic traditions. ... The Arms of Her Majesty in Right of Canada, proclaimed by King George V, November 21, 1921. ... The Governor General of Canada (French: Gouverneure gÃ©nÃ©rale du Canada or Gouverneur gÃ©nÃ©ral du Canada) is the representative of the Canadian Monarch. ... The Parliament of Canada (French: Parlement du Canada) is Canadas legislative branch, seated at Parliament Hill in Ottawa, Ontario. ... The Senate of Canada (French: Le SÃ©nat du Canada) is a component of the Parliament of Canada, along with the Sovereign (represented by the Governor General) and the House of Commons. ... The House of Commons (French: Chambre des communes) is a component of the Parliament of Canada, along with the Sovereign (represented by the Governor General) and the Senate. ... The Prime Minister of Canada (French: Premier ministre du Canada), is the head of the Government of Canada. ... The Parliament of Canada (French: Parlement du Canada) has two chambers. ... The Court system of Canada is made up of many courts differing in levels of legal superiority and separated by jurisdiction. ... The Supreme Court of Canada (French: Cour suprÃªme du Canada) is the highest court of Canada and is the final court of appeal in the Canadian justice system. ... The Coast Mountains are the westernmost range of the Pacific Cordillera, running along the south western shore of the North American continent, extending south from the Alaska Panhandle and covering most of coastal British Columbia. ... Ringrose Peak, Lake OHara, British Columbia, Canada The Canadian Rockies comprise the Canadian segment of the North American Rocky Mountains range. ... Map of the Canadian Prairie provinces, which include boreal forests, taiga, and mountains as well as the prairies (proper). ... Western Canada is a geographic region of Canada, also known as simply the West, generally considered to be west of the province of Ontario. ... Northern Canada, defined politically Northern Canada is the vast northernmost region of Canada variously defined by geography and politics. ... Canadian Shield The Canadian Shieldâ€” also called the Precambrian Shield, Laurentian Shield, Bouclier Canadien (French), or Laurentian Plateauâ€” is a large shield covered by a thin layer of soil that forms the nucleus of the North American craton. ... The Great Lakes from space The Great Lakes are a group of five large lakes in North America on or near the Canada-United States border. ... Central Canada, defined politically. ... The Saint Lawrence River (French fleuve Saint-Laurent) is a large west-to-east flowing river in the middle latitudes of North America, connecting the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean. ... A rainy day in the Great Smoky Mountains, Western North Carolina The Appalachian Mountains (French: les Appalaches) are a vast system of North American mountains, partly in Canada, but mostly in the United States, forming a zone, from 100 to 300 miles wide, running from the island of Newfoundland some... The four Canadian Atlantic provinces. ... The Maritime provinces. ... This is a list of incorporated cities of Canada in alphabetical order by province. ... This is a list of the extreme communities in Canada. ... The Canadian National Parks system is run by Parks Canada, which also runs Canadas National Historic Sites. ... // Canadian provinces and territories are normally grouped into the following regions (generally from west to east): Northern Canada (The North) Yukon Northwest Territories Nunavut Western Canada British Columbia Prairies Alberta Saskatchewan Manitoba Eastern Canada Central Canada Ontario Quebec Atlantic Canada Maritimes New Brunswick Prince Edward Island Nova Scotia Newfoundland and... The list of rivers in Canada is organized by drainage basin (new format) and province (old format to be removed). ... The flora of Canada is quite diverse, due to the wide range of ecoregions and environmental conditions present in Canada. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Banking in Canada is one of the most efficient and safest banking systems in the world. ... The Bank of Canada Building in Ottawa The Bank of Canada is Canadas central bank. ... ISO 4217 Code CAD User(s) Canada Inflation 2. ... This is a list of companies from Canada. ... Canadas health care system is a publicly funded health care system, with most services provided by private entities. ... Demographics of Canada, Data of FAO, year 2005 ; Number of inhabitants in thousands. ... The table below is a list of the 100 largest cities (or municipalities) in Canada. ... The Canada 2001 Census was a detailed enumeration of the Canadian population. ... yet to come ... // Canadian culture is a product of Canadas history and geography. ... The Gothic Revival Parliament Buildings are some of Canadas best known structures The architecture of Canada is, with the exception of that of the First Nations, closely linked to the techniques and styles developed in Europe and the United States. ... The following is a list of some important Canadian artists and groups of artists: Individuals Ran Andrews, 1956-, painter Robert Bateman, 1930-, painter Emily Carr, 1871-1945, painter Alex Colville, 1920-, painter Ken Danby, 1940-, painter Charles Daudelin, 1920-2001, sculptor and painter Paterson Ewen, 1925-2002, painter Marcelle Ferron... Canadian national holidays (with provincial exceptions): Each province of Canada has its own provincial holiday or holidays. ... Skating on the Rideau Canal in Ottawa. ... Canadian literature may be divided into two parts, based on their separate roots: one stems from the culture and literature from France; the other from Britain. ... Canadian music includes pop and folk genres; the latter includes forms derived from England, France (particularly in Quebec), Ireland, Scotland, and various Inuit and Indian ethnic groups. ... Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... Celtic music is primarily associated with the folk traditions of Ireland, Scotland and Wales, as well as the popular styles derived from folk culture. ... The term classical music in this article refers to the western or European classical music tradition. ... Canadian hip hop developed much more slowly than the rock music scene. ... Canada has been a source of rock and roll music for decades, beginning with rockabilly singer Jack Scott in the 1950s. ... The Flag of Canada Canadian nationalism is a loose term which has been applied to ideologies of several different types which promote specifically Canadian interests over those of other countries, notably the United Kingdom and the United States. ... Cultural protectionism in Canada has, since the mid 20th century, taken the form of conscious, interventionist attempts on the part of various Canadian governments to promote Canadian cultural production and limit the effect of foreign, largely American, culture on the domestic audience. ... The contemporary theatre scene in Canada revolves around companies and summer festivals based at facilities in Canadian cities. ... Coat of Arms of Canada (from 1994) The Royal Coat of Arms of Canada (formally known as The Arms of Her Majesty in Right of Canada) was proclaimed by King George V on November 21, 1921, as the Arms or Ensigns Armorial of the Dominion of Canada. ... This is a list of flags used in Canada. ... The National Flag of Canada, popularly known as the Maple Leaf and lUnifoliÃ© (French for the one-leaved), is a base red flag with a white square in its centre featuring a stylized, 11-pointed, red maple leaf. ... This is a list of the symbols of Canadian provinces and territories. ... There are many symbols reflecting Canadas status as a constitutional monarchy, including those of the Monarch, or the vice-regal representatives. ... This is a list of well-known Canadians. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...

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