The Netherlands

This article is part of the series: Politics and government of the Netherlands Motto: Je Maintiendrai (Dutch: Ik zal handhaven, English: I Shall Uphold) Anthem: Wilhelmus van Nassouwe Capital Amsterdam1 Largest city Amsterdam Official language(s) Dutch2 Government Parliamentary democracy Constitutional monarchy  - Queen Beatrix  - Prime minister Jan Peter Balkenende Independence Eighty Years War   - Declared July 26, 1581   - Recognised January 30, 1648 (by Spain... Image File history File links Coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands. ... The Politics of the Netherlands take place within the framework of a parliamentary representative democracy, a constitutional monarchy and a decentralised unitary state. ...

Kingdom of the Netherlands Charter Constitution Monarchy Queen Beatrix Cabinet (list, present) Prime Minister (list) Jan Peter Balkenende Parliament First Chamber (list) Second Chamber (list) Political parties Politicians Elections (2006) Council of State Supreme Court Provinces Municipalities EU Politics Foreign relations Terminology Political currents: Liberalism Socialism Christian Democracy

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The Netherlands has been an independent monarchy since 16 March 1815, and has been governed by members of the House of Orange-Nassau since. The Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands (in Dutch: Statuut voor het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden; in Papiamentu: Statuut pa e Reino di Hulanda) describes the political relationship between the three different countries that form the Kingdom of the Netherlands: the Netherlands in Europe and the Netherlands Antilles and Aruba... Beatrix, Queen of the Netherlands (born January 31, 1938 as Beatrix Wilhelmina Armgard, Prinses der Nederlanden, Prinses van Oranje-Nassau, Prinses van Lippe-Biesterfeld) has been the queen regnant of the Kingdom of the Netherlands since April 30, 1980. ... The cabinet of the Netherlands or council of ministers plans and implements government policy. ... This is a list of cabinets of the Netherlands Note: first party mentioned provided prime minister. ... The fourth Balkenende cabinet or Balkenende IV is the current Dutch coalition cabinet. ... The prime minister of the Netherlands is the head of the cabinet, and, as such, coordinates the policy of the government. ... 3 November 1877: Jan Kappeyne van de Coppello (liberal) 19 August 1879: Theo graaf van Lynden van Sandenburg (conservative-protestant) 22 April 1883: Jan Heemskerk Abrahamzoon (conservative) 20 April 1888: Aeneas baron Mackay (ARP) 21 August 1891: Gijsbert van Tienhoven (liberal) 8 May 1894: Joan Röell (old liberal) 26... Dr. Jan Peter Balkenende   (born on 7 May 1956), has served as Prime Minister of The Netherlands since 22 July 2002. ... The Estates-General (Staten-Generaal) is the parliament of the Netherlands. ... The Eerste Kamer (literally First Chamber in Dutch) is the Upper House or Senate of the Netherlands parliament, the States-General. ... The Historic composition of the Eerste Kamer gives an overview of the composition of the Higher House of the Dutch parliament. ... The Tweede Kamer (second chamber) is the lower house of the Staten-Generaal, the parliament in the Netherlands. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Template:List of cabinets of the Netherlands. ... This article lists political parties in the Netherlands. ... Elections in the Netherlands gives information on election and election results in the Netherlands. ... Dutch Tweede Kamer seats as of 2006 The 2006 Dutch general elections were held in the Netherlands on Wednesday, November 22, 2006, and followed the call for new elections after the fall of the Second Balkenende cabinet. ... In the Netherlands, the Council of State is a constitutionally established advisory body to the government which consists of members of the royal family and Crown-appointed members generally having political, commercial, diplomatic, or military experience. ... Hoge Raad der Nederlanden is the Supreme Court of the Netherlands, situated in The Hague. ... The modern day Netherlands are divided into twelve provinces (provincies in Dutch), listed below with their capital city: Map of the Netherlands, with provinces and capital cities See also the ranked list of Dutch provinces // Structure A Dutch province represents the administrative layer in between the national government and the... All provinces of the Netherlands are divided into municipalities (gemeenten), together 458 (2006); among these we can distinguish: those comprising one main city, town or village with the same name as the municipality, and possibly some additional villages; for example Utrecht, comprising the city Utrecht and the villages De Meern... The European Union or EU is a supranational and international organization of 27 member states. ... The Netherlands abandoned its traditional policy of neutrality after World War II. The Dutch have since become engaged participants in international affairs. ... There are several terms used in Dutch politics which are not easily translated into English. ... This article gives an overview of liberalism in the Netherlands. ... This article gives an overview of socialism in the Netherlands, including communism and social democracy. ... This article gives an overview of christian democracy in the Netherlands, which is also called confessional politics, including political catholicism and Protestantism. ... Information on politics by country is available for every country, including both de jure and de facto independent states, inhabited dependent territories, as well as areas of special sovereignty. ... “Kingdom” redirects here. ... March 16 is the 75th day of the year (76th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... April 5-12: Mount Tambora explodes, changing climate. ... The House of Orange-Nassau (in Dutch: Huis van Oranje-Nassau), a branch of the German House of Nassau, has played a central role in the political life of the Netherlands - and at times in Europe - since William I of Orange (also known as William the Silent and Father of...

History

The first king of the Netherlands, from 1806 until 1810, was French. Napoleon I installed his brother Louis Bonaparte as king over what was then called the Kingdom of Holland, a puppet state. “King” redirects here. ... 1806 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1810 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... For other uses, see Napoleon (disambiguation). ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Louis I Napoleon Bonaparte, King of Holland, Grand Duke of Berg and Cleves, Count of Saint-Leu (Lodewijk Napoleon in Dutch) (September 2, 1778 – July 25, 1846) was the fifth surviving child and fourth surviving son of Carlo Buonaparte and Letizia Ramolino. ... The Kingdom of Holland 1806 - 1810 (Koninkrijk Holland in Dutch, Royaume dHollande in French) was set up by Napoleon Bonaparte as a puppet kingdom for his third brother, Louis Bonaparte, in order to better control the Netherlands. ... A puppet state is a state whose government, though notionally of the same culture as the governed people - owes its existence (or other major debt) to being installed, supported or controlled by a more powerful entity, typically a foreign power. ...

The present monarchy was originally founded in 1813 when the French were driven away and the then prince of Orange was proclaimed as Sovereign Prince of The United Netherlands (comprising certain northern provinces). The new monarchy was confirmed in 1815 at the Congress of Vienna as part of the re-arrangement of Europe after the fall of Napoleon Bonaparte, and its status as kingdom was also confirmed. The House of Orange-Nassau were given the modern day Netherlands and also Belgium to rule as the United Kingdom of the Netherlands. In addition, the King of the Netherlands became hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg. “Kingdom” redirects here. ... Prince of Orange is a title of nobility, originally associated with the principality of Orange in southern France. ... Model United Nations activities around the world are coordinated by a wide variety of groups and individuals. ... April 5-12: Mount Tambora explodes, changing climate. ... The Congress of Vienna by Jean-Baptiste Isabey, 1819. ... World map showing the location of Europe. ... Bonaparte as general Napoleon Bonaparte ( 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a general of the French Revolution and was the ruler of France as First Consul (Premier Consul) of the French Republic from November 11, 1799 to May 18, 1804, then as Emperor of the French (Empereur des... In politics, a country (or in some cases, a group of countries) over which a king or queen reigns, is a kingdom, see: monarchy. ... Governance is that separate process or certain part of management or leadership processes that makes decisions that define expectations, grant power, or verify performance. ... Map of the kingdom United Kingdom of the Netherlands (1815 - 1830) (1839) (Dutch: Verenigd Koninkrijk der Nederlanden, French: Royaume-Uni des Pays-Bas and German: Vereinigte Königreich der Niederlande) were the unofficial names used to refer to a new unified European state created during the Congress of Vienna in... Luxembourg is a constitutional monarchy whose Head of State is the Grand Duke of Luxembourg (or Grand Duchess of Luxembourg in the exceptional but twice occurred event of the sovereign being female). ...

Prior to the Napoleonic wars, the Netherlands had been led by stadtholders from the House of Orange-Nassau, but the state was, formally, a republic. The first king of the constitutional monarchy of the Netherlands, William I, was a direct male line descendant of John the Elder, a younger brother of William of Orange (also known as William the Silent) who, from 1568 on, had led the Dutch in their eighty-year struggle for independence from Spain. His family had a considerable influence on Dutch politics. They came from Dillenburg, Germany, home of the Nassau family. Willem's title 'Prince of Orange' was acquired through his inheritance of the principality of Orange, located south of Valence in France, in 1544. Combatants Austria[1] Portugal Prussia[1] Russia[2] Spain[3] Sweden United Kingdom[4] Ottoman Empire[5] Holy Roman Empire[6] French Empire Holland Kingdom of Italy Kingdom of Naples Duchy of Warsaw Bavaria[7] Saxony[8] Denmark [9] Commanders Archduke Charles Prince Schwarzenberg Karl Mack von Leiberich Gebhard von... A stadtholder (Dutch: stadhouder meaning place holder, a Germanic parallel to Latin locum tenens or French lieutenant), means an official who is appointed by the legal ruling Monarch to represent him in a country, and may have a mandate to govern it in his name, in the latter case roughly... The House of Orange-Nassau (in Dutch: Huis van Oranje-Nassau), a branch of the German House of Nassau, has played a central role in the political life of the Netherlands - and at times in Europe - since William I of Orange (also known as William the Silent and Father of... A state is a political association with effective dominion over a geographic area. ... in particular, for the archaizing senses of republic, as a translation of politeia or res publica Forms of government Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box:      A republic is a form of government maintained by a state or country whose sovereignty is based on popular consent and whose... This does not cite any references or sources. ... King William I of the Netherlands, born William Frederik of Orange-Nassau (The Hague, 24 August 1772 - Berlin, 12 December 1843), was the second King of the Netherlands (the first king was Louis I Napoleon Bonaparte). ... Patrilineality (a. ... The term descendant or descendent has several meanings, some of which are listed below: A living being, like a plant, animal or person, that belongs to a particular lineage. ... Patrilineality (a. ... William I (William the Silent) William I, Prince of Orange, Count of Nassau (April 24, 1533 – July 10, 1584) was the main leader of the Dutch revolt against the Spanish that set off the Eighty Years War and resulted in the formal independence of the United Provinces in 1648. ... Silence is a relative or total lack of sound. ... Events March 23 - Peace of Longjumeau ends the Second War of Religion in France. ... Dillenburg (population ca 25,000) is a city and a castle in the German district of Lahn-Dill, in the federal state of Hessen. ... For other uses, see Nassau (disambiguation). ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Roman theatre at Orange, France Orange (Arenjo in Provençal) is a city in the département of Vaucluse, in the south of France. ... Location within France Champs de Mars and Kiosque Peynet in Valence A World War I memorial in Valence ville Valence is a commune in south-eastern France, the capital of the département of Drôme, situated on the left bank of the Rhône, 65 miles south of Lyon... Events April 11 - Battle of Ceresole - French forces under the Comte dEnghien defeat Imperial forces under the Marques Del Vasto near Turin. ...

Abdication of the throne has become a de facto tradition in Dutch Monarchy. Queen Wilhelmina and Queen Juliana both abdicated in favor of their daughters and William I abdicated in favor of his eldest son. For other uses, see Wilhelmina (disambiguation). ... Juliana Queen of the Netherlands Queen Juliana of the Netherlands (Juliana Emma Louise Wilhelmina van Oranje-Nassau) (April 30, 1909 – March 20, 2004), Princess of Orange-Nassau, Duchess of Mecklenburg, Princess of Lippe-Biesterfeld, was Queen of the Netherlands from her mothers abdication in 1948 to her own abdication... King William I of the Netherlands, born William Frederik of Orange-Nassau (The Hague, 24 August 1772 - Berlin, 12 December 1843), was the second King of the Netherlands (the first king was Louis I Napoleon Bonaparte). ... William II, King of the Netherlands and Grand Duke of Luxembourg (William Frederick George Louis) (December 6, 1792 – March 17, 1849) ruled from October 7, 1840 until his death. ...

The present monarch, Queen Beatrix, has stated she will not abdicate in the near future, to allow Crown Prince Willem-Alexander and his wife Princess Máxima to spend time with their family. Beatrix, Queen of the Netherlands (born January 31, 1938 as Beatrix Wilhelmina Armgard, Prinses der Nederlanden, Prinses van Oranje-Nassau, Prinses van Lippe-Biesterfeld) has been the queen regnant of the Kingdom of the Netherlands since April 30, 1980. ... His Royal Highness Crown Prince Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands, (Willem-Alexander Claus George Ferdinand), Prince of Orange, Prince of the Netherlands, Prince of Orange-Nassau, Jonkheer of Amsberg (born April 27, 1967), is the Crown Prince of the Netherlands and styled HRH the Prince of Orange. ... HRH The Princess of Orange (Máxima Zorreguieta Cerruti) (born May 17, 1971 in Buenos Aires, Argentina) is the wife of Prince Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands, heir to the Dutch throne. ...

Monarchs of the Netherlands (1813-Present)

House of Orange-Nassau

Dutch Royalty House of Nassau (Orange branch) William I Children    William II    Prince Frederick    Princess Paulina    Marianne, Princess Albert of Prussia Grandchildren    Louise, Queen of Sweden and Norway    Prince William    Prince Frederick    Marie, Princess of Wied William II Children    William III    Prince Alexander    Prince Henry    Prince Ernest Casimir    Sophie, Grand Duchess of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach William III Children    William, Prince of Orange    Prince Maurice    Alexander, Prince of Orange    Wilhelmina Wilhelmina Children    Juliana Juliana Children    Beatrix    Princess Irene    Princess Margriet    Princess Christina Beatrix Children    Willem-Alexander, Prince of Orange    Prince Johan-Friso    Prince Constantijn Grandchildren    Princess Catharina-Amalia    Princess Alexia    Princess Ariane    Countess Luana    Countess Zaria    Countess Eloise    Count Claus-Casimir    Countess Leonore

The House of Orange-Nassau (in Dutch: Huis van Oranje-Nassau), a branch of the German House of Nassau, has played a central role in the political life of the Netherlands - and at times in Europe - since William I of Orange (also known as William the Silent and Father of... King William I of the Netherlands, born William Frederik of Orange-Nassau (The Hague, 24 August 1772 - Berlin, 12 December 1843), was the second King of the Netherlands (the first king was Louis I Napoleon Bonaparte). ... Year 1772 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Year 1843 (MDCCCXLIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... December 2 is the 336th day of the year (337th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1813 (MDCCCXIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar). ... March 16 is the 75th day of the year (76th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... April 5-12: Mount Tambora explodes, changing climate. ... October 7 is the 280th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (281st in leap years). ... 1840 is a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... William II, King of the Netherlands and Grand Duke of Luxembourg (William Frederick George Louis) (December 6, 1792 – March 17, 1849) ruled from October 7, 1840 until his death. ... 1792 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1849 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... October 7 is the 280th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (281st in leap years). ... 1840 is a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... is the 76th day of the year (77th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1849 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... William III, King of the Netherlands and Grand Duke of Luxembourg (William Alexander Paul Frederick Louis of Orange-Nassau) (Willem Alexander Paul Frederik Lodewijk van Oranje-Nassau, Koning der Nederlanden en Groothertog van Luxemburg in Dutch) (February 19, 1817 – November 23, 1890) was King of the Netherlands and Grand Duke... 1817 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1890 (MDCCCXC) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar). ... is the 76th day of the year (77th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1849 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... November 23 is the 327th day of the year (328th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 38 days remaining. ... 1890 (MDCCCXC) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar). ... For other uses, see Wilhelmina (disambiguation). ... Year 1880 (MDCCCLXXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar). ... Year 1962 (MCMLXII) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 23 is the 327th day of the year (328th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 38 days remaining. ... 1890 (MDCCCXC) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar). ... August 31 is the 243rd day of the year (244th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1898 (MDCCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... is the 247th day of the year (248th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1948 calendar). ... Juliana Queen of the Netherlands Queen Juliana of the Netherlands (Juliana Emma Louise Wilhelmina van Oranje-Nassau) (April 30, 1909 – March 20, 2004), Princess of Orange-Nassau, Duchess of Mecklenburg, Princess of Lippe-Biesterfeld, was Queen of the Netherlands from her mothers abdication in 1948 to her own abdication... 1909 (MCMIX) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... shelby was here 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 247th day of the year (248th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1948 calendar). ... is the 120th day of the year (121st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar). ... Beatrix, Queen of the Netherlands (born January 31, 1938 as Beatrix Wilhelmina Armgard, Prinses der Nederlanden, Prinses van Oranje-Nassau, Prinses van Lippe-Biesterfeld) has been the queen regnant of the Kingdom of the Netherlands since April 30, 1980. ... Year 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... is the 120th day of the year (121st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar). ... The House of Orange-Nassau (in Dutch: Huis van Oranje-Nassau), a branch of the German House of Nassau, has played a central role in the political life of the Netherlands - and at times in Europe - since William I of Orange (also known as William the Silent and Father of... Image File history File links Coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands. ... King William I of the Netherlands, born William Frederik of Orange-Nassau (The Hague, 24 August 1772 - Berlin, 12 December 1843), was the second King of the Netherlands (the first king was Louis I Napoleon Bonaparte). ... William II, King of the Netherlands and Grand Duke of Luxembourg (William Frederick George Louis) (December 6, 1792 – March 17, 1849) ruled from October 7, 1840 until his death. ... Willem Frederik Karel van Oranje-Nassau (Berlin, February 28, 1797 – Wassenaar, September 8, 1881), was the second son of William I of the Netherlands and his wife Wilhelmine of Prussia. ... Princess Louise in 1859 Louise of the Netherlands, Vilhelmina Fredrika Alexandra Anna Lovisa, or Lovisa in Swedish, (The Hague, August 5, 1828 - March 30, 1871), was Queen of Sweden and Norway from 1859 and wife of Charles XV of Sweden from 1850. ... William II, King of the Netherlands and Grand Duke of Luxembourg (William Frederick George Louis) (December 6, 1792 – March 17, 1849) ruled from October 7, 1840 until his death. ... William III, King of the Netherlands and Grand Duke of Luxembourg (William Alexander Paul Frederick Louis of Orange-Nassau) (Willem Alexander Paul Frederik Lodewijk van Oranje-Nassau, Koning der Nederlanden en Groothertog van Luxemburg in Dutch) (February 19, 1817 – November 23, 1890) was King of the Netherlands and Grand Duke... Prince Henry William Frederick Henry (Hendrik) the Navigator (13 June 1820 – 14 January 1879), Prince of the Netherlands, Prince of Orange-Nassau. ... William III, King of the Netherlands and Grand Duke of Luxembourg (William Alexander Paul Frederick Louis of Orange-Nassau) (Willem Alexander Paul Frederik Lodewijk van Oranje-Nassau, Koning der Nederlanden en Groothertog van Luxemburg in Dutch) (February 19, 1817 – November 23, 1890) was King of the Netherlands and Grand Duke... Willem Nicolaas Alexander Frederik Karel Hendrik van Oranje-Nassau (The Hague, 4 September 1840 – Paris, 11 June 1879) Prince of the Netherlands, Prince of Orange-Nassau, from 17 March 1849 Prince of Orange, and thus Crown Prince of the Netherlands. ... Prince Maurice of the Netherlands (left) with his brother Prince William. ... Prince Alexander of Orange Prince Alexander of Orange (Willem Alexander Karel Hendrik Frederik), (The Hague, 25 August 1851 - The Hague, 21 June 1884), Prince of the Netherlands, Prince of Orange-Nassau, was from 11 June 1879 until his death the heir apparent of his father King William III of the... For other uses, see Wilhelmina (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Wilhelmina (disambiguation). ... Juliana Queen of the Netherlands Queen Juliana of the Netherlands (Juliana Emma Louise Wilhelmina van Oranje-Nassau) (April 30, 1909 – March 20, 2004), Princess of Orange-Nassau, Duchess of Mecklenburg, Princess of Lippe-Biesterfeld, was Queen of the Netherlands from her mothers abdication in 1948 to her own abdication... Juliana Queen of the Netherlands Queen Juliana of the Netherlands (Juliana Emma Louise Wilhelmina van Oranje-Nassau) (April 30, 1909 – March 20, 2004), Princess of Orange-Nassau, Duchess of Mecklenburg, Princess of Lippe-Biesterfeld, was Queen of the Netherlands from her mothers abdication in 1948 to her own abdication... Beatrix, Queen of the Netherlands (born January 31, 1938 as Beatrix Wilhelmina Armgard, Prinses der Nederlanden, Prinses van Oranje-Nassau, Prinses van Lippe-Biesterfeld) has been the queen regnant of the Kingdom of the Netherlands since April 30, 1980. ... Princess Irene Emma Elisabeth of the Netherlands (born August 5, 1939), Princess of Orange-Nassau, Princess of Lippe-Biesterfeld, is the second child of then Princess Juliana of the Netherlands (later Queen Juliana) and Prince Bernhard, a former prince of Lippe-Biesterfeld. ... Her Royal Highness Princess Margriet Francisca of the Netherlands (born January 19, 1943), Princess of Orange-Nassau, Princess of Lippe-Biesterfeld, is the third daughter of Princess Juliana of the Netherlands and Prince Bernhard, the former Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld. ... Princess Christina of the Netherlands (born February 18, 1947), Princess of Oranje-Nassau, Princess of Lippe-Biesterfeld, is the youngest of Queen Juliana’s four daughters. ... Beatrix, Queen of the Netherlands (born January 31, 1938 as Beatrix Wilhelmina Armgard, Prinses der Nederlanden, Prinses van Oranje-Nassau, Prinses van Lippe-Biesterfeld) has been the queen regnant of the Kingdom of the Netherlands since April 30, 1980. ... Prince Willem-Alexander, Prince of Orange, (Willem-Alexander Claus George Ferdinand Prins van Oranje, Prins der Nederlanden, Prins van Oranje-Nassau, Jonkheer van Amsberg, born April 27, 1967) is the eldest son of Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands and is the heir apparent to the Dutch throne, with the style... Prince Johan-Friso His Highness Johan Friso Bernhard Christiaan David, Prince of Orange-Nassau, Count of Orange-Nassau, Jonkheer of Amsberg (born September 25, 1968), is the second son of Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands and Prince Claus von Amsberg. ... His Royal Highness Prince Constantijn of the Netherlands (Constantijn Christof Frederick Aschwin), Prince of Orange-Nassau, Jonkheer of Amsberg, (born October 11, 1969), is the third and youngest son of Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands and Claus von Amsberg. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... HRH Princess Alexia of the Netherlands a few hours after she was born. ... Princess Ariane of the Netherlands, Princess of Orange-Nassau (Ariane Wilhelmina Máxima Ines [1]) (born April 10, 2007), is the third child and daughter of Prince Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands, the Prince of Orange, the heir apparent to the throne of the Netherlands, and his spouse Princess M... Emma Luana Ninette Sophie van Oranje-Nassau van Amsberg (born March 26, 2005), Countess of Orange-Nassau, Jonkvrouwe van Amsberg, is the child of Prince Friso of Orange-Nassau, Jonkheer van Amsberg and Princess Mabel of Orange-Nassau born Wisse Smit. ... Joanna Zaria Nicoline Milou van Oranje-Nassau van Amsberg (born June 18, 2006), Countess of Orange-Nassau, Jonkvrouwe van Amsberg, is the second child of Prince Friso of Orange-Nassau, Jonkheer van Amsberg and Princess Mabel of Orange-Nassau born Wisse Smit. ... Her Excellency Countess Eloise Beatrix Sophie Laurence of Orange-Nassau (born 8 June 2002 in The Hague), Jonkvrouw of Amsberg, is the first child of Prince Constantijn of the Netherlands and Princess Laurentien, née Laurentien Brinkhorst. ... Claus-Casimir Bernhard Marius Max van Oranje-Nassau van Amsberg (born 21 March 2004 at Bronovo Hospital in The Hague), Count of Orange-Nassau, Jonkheer van Amsberg, is the son of Prince Constantijn of the Netherlands, Prince of Orange-Nassau, Jonkheer van Amsberg and Princess Laurentien of the Netherlands, n... De hooggeboren vrouwe (The highborn lady) Leonore Marie Irene Enrica van Oranje-Nassau van Amsberg (born 3 June 2006 in Bronovo hospital in The Hague), Countess of Orange-Nassau, Jonkvrouwe van Amsberg, is the third child of Prince Constantijn of the Netherlands, Prince of Orange-Nassau, Jonkheer van Amsberg and...

Wilhelmina (1890-1948)

Main article: Wilhelmina of the Netherlands

When Wilhelmina came to the throne in 1890 at age 10 (her mother, Queen Emma, second wife of the then deceased William III, acted as regent until Wilhelmina reached the age of 18), Luxembourg, also a former member of the erstwhile German Confederation, was not willing to accept a (female) Grand Duchess under Salic law. Instead a family member, Adolf, former Duke of Nassau, became Grand Duke of Luxembourg, ending the personal union between the Netherlands and Luxembourg. For other uses, see Wilhelmina (disambiguation). ... 1890 (MDCCCXC) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar). ... William III, King of the Netherlands and Grand Duke of Luxembourg (William Alexander Paul Frederick Louis of Orange-Nassau) (Willem Alexander Paul Frederik Lodewijk van Oranje-Nassau, Koning der Nederlanden en Groothertog van Luxemburg in Dutch) (February 19, 1817 – November 23, 1890) was King of the Netherlands and Grand Duke... The German Confederation (German: Deutscher Bund) was the association of Central European states created by the Congress of Vienna in 1815 to organize the surviving states of the Holy Roman Empire, which had been abolished in 1806. ... The King of the Franks, in the midst of the military chiefs who formed his Treuste -- or armed court, dictates the Salic Law (Code of the Barbaric Laws). ... Grand Duke Adolphe of Luxembourg, Adolph Wilhelm August Karl Friedrich of Nassau-Weilburg (July 24, 1817 – November 17, 1905) was the last Duke of Nassau, and the fourth Grand Duke of Luxembourg. ... A personal union is a relationship of two or more entities that are considered separate, sovereign states, which, through established law, share the same person as their respective head of state. ...

The 58-year reign of Queen Wilhelmina was dominated by the two World Wars. She married a German prince, Heinrich von Mecklenburg-Schwerin, who unfortunately was not happy with his unrewarding role of husband-to-the-queen. Wilhelmina's strong personality and unrelenting passion to fulfill her inherited task overpowered many men in position of authority, including ministers, prime-ministers and her own husband. She is mostly remembered for her role during World War II. The initial disappointment of many Dutch people because of her quick withdrawal to London faded (though it was never forgotten and by some was never forgiven) when she proved to be of great moral support to the people and the resistance in her occupied country. Hendrik and Wilhelmina had one daughter, Juliana, who came to the throne in 1948. They lived in The Hague and in Palace 't Loo (Paleis 't Loo) in Apeldoorn. She died in 1962. For her early reign and character, the letters of Queen Victoria give a good perspective. Heinrich, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, (April 19, 1876 - July 3, 1934), Prince of the Netherlands, was the husband of Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... Juliana Queen of the Netherlands Queen Juliana of the Netherlands (Juliana Emma Louise Wilhelmina van Oranje-Nassau) (April 30, 1909 – March 20, 2004), Princess of Orange-Nassau, Duchess of Mecklenburg, Princess of Lippe-Biesterfeld, was Queen of the Netherlands from her mothers abdication in 1948 to her own abdication... 1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1948 calendar). ... Coordinates: Country Netherlands Province South Holland Area (2006)  - Municipality 98. ... Het Loo and its gardens, more ambitious than they were actually executed, in an early 18th century engraving (watercolor added) The former royal residence Het Loo near Apeldoorn, Netherlands, was built starting in 1684 for the Stadtholder Willem, known to English-language readers as William III of Orange and his... Apeldoorn ( (help· info)) is a municipality and a town in the province of Gelderland, about 60 miles east of Amsterdam, in central Netherlands. ... Victoria Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Empress of India Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria) (24 May 1819–22 January 1901) was a Queen of the United Kingdom, reigning from 20 June 1837 until her death. ...

Juliana (1948-1980)

Main article: Juliana of the Netherlands

Juliana reigned from 1948 until 1980, and whereas Wilhelmina reigned like a general, Juliana expressed a more motherly character. One of her first official acts was to sign the treaty of independence of the Dutch colony Indonesia. She became involved in two major crises: the Greet Hofmans affair and the Lockheed scandal, both of which directly threatened the credibility of the throne. She married a German of noble descent, Prince Bernard von Lippe-Biesterfeld. Together they had four daughters, Beatrix, Irene, Margriet and Christina. After their return from Ottawa, Canada in 1945 (where Margriet was born), they lived in the Soestdijk Palace (Paleis Soestdijk) in Soestdijk, about 20 km north-east of Utrecht. She died on March 20, 2004. Her husband Bernhard died on December 1, 2004. Juliana Queen of the Netherlands Queen Juliana of the Netherlands (Juliana Emma Louise Wilhelmina van Oranje-Nassau) (April 30, 1909 – March 20, 2004), Princess of Orange-Nassau, Duchess of Mecklenburg, Princess of Lippe-Biesterfeld, was Queen of the Netherlands from her mothers abdication in 1948 to her own abdication... 1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1948 calendar). ... Year 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar). ... Greet Hofmans (23 June 1894 - 16 November 1968) was a faith healer and hand layer. ... The Lockheed Scandal of 1976 involved political donations paid by the American aircraft manufacturer Lockheed to Japanese politicians in return for aid in selling planes to All Nippon Airways. ... Prince Bernhard as Royal Consort Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands (June 29, 1911 – December 1, 2004) was Prince Consort to the late Queen Juliana of the Netherlands, and father of the current monarch, Queen Beatrix. ... Beatrix, Queen of the Netherlands (born January 31, 1938 as Beatrix Wilhelmina Armgard, Prinses der Nederlanden, Prinses van Oranje-Nassau, Prinses van Lippe-Biesterfeld) has been the queen regnant of the Kingdom of the Netherlands since April 30, 1980. ... Princess Irene Emma Elisabeth of the Netherlands (born August 5, 1939), Princess of Orange-Nassau, Princess of Lippe-Biesterfeld, is the second child of then Princess Juliana of the Netherlands (later Queen Juliana) and Prince Bernhard, a former prince of Lippe-Biesterfeld. ... Her Royal Highness Princess Margriet Francisca of the Netherlands (born January 19, 1943), Princess of Orange-Nassau, Princess of Lippe-Biesterfeld, is the third daughter of Princess Juliana of the Netherlands and Prince Bernhard, the former Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld. ... Princess Christina of the Netherlands (born February 18, 1947), Princess of Oranje-Nassau, Princess of Lippe-Biesterfeld, is the youngest of Queen Juliana’s four daughters. ... Motto: Advance Ottawa/Ottawa en avant Location of the City of Ottawa in the Province of Ontario Coordinates: Country Canada Province Ontario Established 1850 as Town of Bytown Incorporated 1855 as City of Ottawa Amalgamated January 1, 2001 Government  - Mayor Larry OBrien  - City Council Ottawa City Council  - Representatives 8... Year 1945and died 2007 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar). ... Soestdijk Palace, where Queen Juliana and Prince Bernhard lived for over six decades. ... Utrecht ( (help· info)) is a municipality and the capital city of the Dutch province of Utrecht. ... March 20 is the 79th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (80th in leap years). ... shelby was here 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... December 1 is the 335th (in leap years the 336th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... shelby was here 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Beatrix (1980-present)

Main article: Beatrix of the Netherlands

The Dutch royal family today is much larger than it has ever been. Queen Beatrix and her husband, the late Prince Claus, have three sons, Willem-Alexander (married to Princess Máxima), Johan Friso (married to Mabel Wisse-Smit) and Constantijn (married to Princess Laurentien). Her sister Margriet and her spouse Pieter van Vollenhoven have four sons: Maurits, Bernhard, Pieter-Christiaan and Floris. Five of these seven princes as well as Margriet, are all (potentially) legal heirs to the throne, although the first right goes to the Crown Prince, and after him his daughters Catharina-Amalia, Alexia, Ariane, and then his brother Constantijn. Prince Johan-Friso lost his right to the throne because his marriage to Mabel Wisse Smit was not approved by the Staten-Generaal. The two other sisters of Beatrix, Irene and Christina, have lost their rights to the throne because their marriages were not approved by the Staten-Generaal. They both married Roman-Catholics and Irene herself converted to Roman-Catholicism, which at that time (the 1960s) was still politically problematic for an heir to the throne. Beatrix, Queen of the Netherlands (born January 31, 1938 as Beatrix Wilhelmina Armgard, Prinses der Nederlanden, Prinses van Oranje-Nassau, Prinses van Lippe-Biesterfeld) has been the queen regnant of the Kingdom of the Netherlands since April 30, 1980. ... Beatrix, Queen of the Netherlands (born January 31, 1938 as Beatrix Wilhelmina Armgard, Prinses der Nederlanden, Prinses van Oranje-Nassau, Prinses van Lippe-Biesterfeld) has been the queen regnant of the Kingdom of the Netherlands since April 30, 1980. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Prince Willem-Alexander, Prince of Orange, (Willem-Alexander Claus George Ferdinand Prins van Oranje, Prins der Nederlanden, Prins van Oranje-Nassau, Jonkheer van Amsberg, born April 27, 1967) is the eldest son of Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands and is the heir apparent to the Dutch throne, with the style... Princess Máxima of the Netherlands (born Máxima Zorreguieta Cerruti) was born on May 17, 1971 in Buenos Aires, Argentina. ... Prince Friso of Orange-Nassau (Johan Friso Bernhard Christiaan David), Count of Orange-Nassau, Jonkheer van Amsberg, (born September 25, 1968), is the second son of Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands and Prince Claus von Amsberg. ... Princess Mabel of Orange-Nassau (born August 11, 1968 in Pijnacker) is the wife of Prince Johan-Friso of Orange-Nassau, second son of Queen Beatrix and the late Prince Claus of the Netherlands. ... His Royal Highness Prince Constantijn of the Netherlands (Constantijn Christof Frederick Aschwin), Prince of Orange-Nassau, Jonkheer of Amsberg, (born October 11, 1969), is the third and youngest son of Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands and Claus von Amsberg. ... Her Royal Highness Princess Laurentien of the Netherlands, Princess of Orange-Nassau, Mrs. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... HRH Princess Alexia of the Netherlands a few hours after she was born. ... The States-General (Staten-Generaal) is the parliament of the Netherlands. ...

Traditionally, Dutch monarchs have always been members of the Dutch Reformed Church although this was never constitutionally required. This tradition is embedded in the history of the Netherlands. An additional complication which the government wanted to avoid, was that Irene's husband, Carlos de Bourbon Parma, (whom she later divorced) was a Spanish member of a noble family that claimed their alleged rights to the Spanish throne. This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... This article or section is not written in the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia article. ... Carlos Hugo de Borbón Parma (baptized Carlos Hugo Xavier Marie Sixte Louis Robert Jean Georges) is the current head of the Ducal House of Parma. ...

Willem-Alexander

Main article: Willem-Alexander, Prince of Orange

The crown prince is Willem-Alexander, Prince of Orange (born 1967). He studied history at the University of Leiden and became actively involved in water management. His wife is Princess Máxima (née Máxima Zorreguieta Cerruti), an economy major, whose father was a minister of agriculture in the dictatorial regime under General Videla in Argentina. Because of that, their relationship was accompanied by fierce public debate, and only officially sanctioned after quiet diplomacy, resulting in Máxima's father agreeing not to be present on their wedding day (February 2, 2002). Former minister Max van der Stoel and prime minister Wim Kok seem to have played a crucial role in this process. Prince Willem-Alexander, Prince of Orange, (Willem-Alexander Claus George Ferdinand Prins van Oranje, Prins der Nederlanden, Prins van Oranje-Nassau, Jonkheer van Amsberg, born April 27, 1967) is the eldest son of Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands and is the heir apparent to the Dutch throne, with the style... 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar (the link is to a full 1967 calendar). ... Leiden University in the city of Leiden, is the oldest university in the Netherlands. ... LLGHHHHHHHHHK BNMNKBV JKVGKJJH JHVG KJVH KJV KJV JKV JV JV KJFYG KHV KJV gfnnnnnnnnnnhngjkv jh b ... Princess Máxima of the Netherlands (born Máxima Zorreguieta Cerruti) was born on May 17, 1971 in Buenos Aires, Argentina. ... Jorge Rafael Videla Redondo (born August 2, 1925 in Mercedes) is a former Argentine soldier and politician. ... This article or section needs copy editing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone and/or spelling. ... is the 33rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ... Max van der Stoel (born August 3, 1924, Voorschoten) is a Dutch politician. ... Willem Wim Kok ( ) (born September 29, 1938 in Bergambacht) is a Dutch politician. ...

On 7 December 2003 Princess Máxima gave birth to a daughter: Princess Catharina-Amalia. On 26 June 2005 another daughter was born: Princess Alexia. On 10 April 2007, a third daughter was born, Princess Ariane. After Willem-Alexander they are second, third, and fourth in line to the Dutch throne. is the 341st day of the year (342nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... is the 177th day of the year (178th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... HRH Princess Alexia of the Netherlands a few hours after she was born. ... is the 100th day of the year (101st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... Princess Ariane of the Netherlands, Princess of Orange-Nassau (Ariane Wilhelmina Máxima Ines [1]) (born April 10, 2007), is the third child and daughter of Prince Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands, the Prince of Orange, the heir apparent to the throne of the Netherlands, and his spouse Princess M...

See also

• Line of succession to the Dutch Throne

The Netherlands applied Salic law until 1884 when King William IIIs last male heir died and Staten-Generaal adopted agnatic-cognatic primogeniture making Princess Wilhelmina heiress presumptive. ...

External links

• Official Royal Website: lots of information about the monarchy and Royal Family, and virtual palace tours (texts in Dutch and English)