The money base, or the monetary base is a government liability, currency and bank reserves. Reserves are banks holding of deposits in accounts with their national bank (for instance, the Federal Reserve), plus currency that is physically held by banks (vault cash). ...
It's by some means the amount of (internationally-recognisable) reserves securing the money supply at a given moment of time. In retrospect, gold was used to determine the money base. Money supply (monetary aggregates, money stock), a macroeconomic concept, is the quantity of money available within the economy to purchase goods, services, and securities. ...
Since the second half of the eighties the notion of amorphous "reserves" underlying the money base was consistently presented as an axiom-type statement, which, however contradicts the actual incidents underlying the separation of current monetary system from gold. A monetary system secures the proper functioning of money by regulating economic agents, transaction types, and money supply. ...
Many economists fear that money base is increasingly diluted, thus the quantifiable "reserves" in the world monetary system today are in essence amount of (mostly) unsecured debt.
Please refer to economic discussions relating to gold standard and the system of world currencies for further information about money base - dependencies/trends 1922 U.S. gold certificate The gold standard is a monetary system in which the standard economic unit of account is a fixed weight of gold. ...
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Definition
AmosWEB: GLOSS*arama: MONETARY BASE (http://www.amosweb.com/cgi-bin/gls.pl?fcd=dsp&key=monetary+base)
Consumer prices are up nearly 10 percent since the start of the year and the moneybase - the sum of cash in circulation and obligatory reserves of commercial banks held by the Central Bank - is up 5.9 percent to 550 billion rubles ($18.9 billion), according to official figures.
Even though most of the money printing occurred in the second half of 2000, its effects were not felt until the start of the year, with the process appearing to be gathering steam.
Money velocity, which measures the number of transactions serviced by 1 ruble of cash on an annual basis, is up to 6.55 from 6.0 at the end of last year.
In contrast to white collar cases, in which a money laundering count nearly always increased the applicable offense level, the working group found that in drug cases the money laundering offense level was higher than that for the underlying drug trafficking conduct about half the time and was lower the other half.
In many cases, money laundering defendants were initially charged with participating in the underlying criminal conduct but the counts charging the underlying criminal conduct were apparently dropped in connection with a plea bargain.
The base offense levels provided for in proposed subsections (a)(2) and (a)(3) are increased as the amount of the laundered funds increases to ensure that the greater the scope of the money laundering activity, the greater the sentence.
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