Monte Carlo has for decades been visited by royalty as well as commoners and movie stars. James Bond, fictional British spy and hero of the James Bond movie series, frequented the city's glamorous, Edwardiancasino. In 1873Joseph Jaggers became "the man who broke the bank at Monte Carlo" by discovering and capitalizing on a bias in one of the casino's roulette wheels. Technically the bank in this sense is the money held by the croupier: according to an article in The Times in the late 19th century, it was thus possible to break the bank several times.
Many people think that Monte Carlo is the capital of the country Monaco, but Monaco is its own capital : the city and the state boundary overlap each other, and Monte Carlo is only a district of Monaco.
Montecarlo is easily reachable from Florence following the A11 Firenze-Mare until the exit 'Altopascio' and then following the signals.
Prior to 1333, the year when the walled town of Montecarlo and the Rocca was founded, on this hill rose the 'del Cerruglio' fortress, part of the fortifications of the nearby Castle of Vivinaia, now disappeared.
Several documents record the 'del Cerruglio' fortress as being 'a badly aligned gothic building surrounded by mighty walls erected with squared masonry stones and protected by a fortress with keep and towers'.
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