? Monterey Pine Conservation status: Conservation dependent (LR/cd)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae Division: Pinophyta Class: Pinopsida Order: Pinales Family: Pinaceae Genus: Pinus Subgenus: Pinus Species: P. radiata
Binomial name
Pinus radiata D.Don

Pinus radiata (family Pinaceae) is known in English as Monterey Pine in some parts of the world (mainly in the USA, Canada and the British Isles), and Radiata Pine in others (primarily Australia, New Zealand and Chile). It is a species of pine native to coastal California in three very limited areas in Santa Cruz, Monterey and San Luis Obispo Counties, and (as the variety Pinus radiata var. binata) on Guadalupe Island and Cedros Island off the west coast of Baja California, Mexico. It is also extensively cultivated in many other warm temperate parts of the world. The conservation status of a species is an indicator of the likelihood of that species continuing to survive. ... Download high resolution version (1704x2272, 1627 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Scientific classification or biological classification is how biologists group and categorize extinct and living species of organisms (as opposed to folk taxonomy). ... Divisions Land plants (embryophytes) Non-vascular plants (bryophytes) Marchantiophyta - liverworts Anthocerotophyta - hornworts Bryophyta - mosses Vascular plants (tracheophytes) Lycopodiophyta - clubmosses Equisetophyta - horsetails Pteridophyta - true ferns Psilotophyta - whisk ferns Ophioglossophyta - adderstongues Seed plants (spermatophytes) †Pteridospermatophyta - seed ferns Pinophyta - conifers Cycadophyta - cycads Ginkgophyta - ginkgo Gnetophyta - gnetae Magnoliophyta - flowering plants Adiantum pedatum (a fern... Orders & Families Cordaitales† Pinales   Pinaceae- Pine family   Araucariaceae- Araucaria family   Podocarpaceae- Yellow-wood family   Sciadopityaceae- Umbrella-pine family   Cupressaceae- Cypress family   Cephalotaxaceae- Plum-yew family   Taxaceae- Yew family Vojnovskyales† Voltziales† The conifers, division Pinophyta, are one of 13 or 14 division level taxa within the Kingdom Plantae. ... Orders & Families Cordaitales† Pinales   Pinaceae- Pine family   Araucariaceae- Araucaria family   Podocarpaceae- Yellow-wood family   Sciadopityaceae- Umbrella-pine family   Cupressaceae- Cypress family   Cephalotaxaceae- Plum-yew family   Taxaceae- Yew family Vojnovskyales† Voltziales† The conifers, division Pinophyta, are one of 13 or 14 division level taxa within the Kingdom Plantae. ... Families Pinaceae, pine family Araucariaceae, araucaria family Podocarpaceae, yellow-wood family Phyllocladaceae Sciadopityaceae, umbrella-pine family Cupressaceae, cypress family Cephalotaxaceae, plum-yew family Taxaceae, yew family The Order Pinales in the Division Pinophyta, Class Pinopsida comprises all the extant conifers. ... Genera Subfamily Pinoideae     Pinus - pines (about 115 species) Subfamily Piceoideae     Picea - spruces (about 35 species) Subfamily Laricoideae     Cathaya (one species)     Larix - larches (about 14 species)     Pseudotsuga - douglas-firs (five species) Subfamily Abietoideae     Abies - firs (about 50 species)     Cedrus - cedars (two to four species)     Pseudolarix - golden larch (one species)     Keteleeria (three... Species About 115. ... There are three main subgenera of Pinus, the subgenus Strobus (White pines or soft pines), the subgenus Ducampopinus (Pinyon, Bristlecone and Lacebark pines), and the subgenus Pinus (Typical pines, or yellow or hard pines). ... In biology, binomial nomenclature is the formal method of naming species. ... David Don (21 December 1799 - 15 December 1841) was an English botanist, Professor of Botany at Kings College, London from 1836–1841, and librarian at the Linnean Society of London from 1822–1841. ... Genera Subfamily Pinoideae     Pinus - pines (about 115 species) Subfamily Piceoideae     Picea - spruces (about 35 species) Subfamily Laricoideae     Cathaya (one species)     Larix - larches (about 14 species)     Pseudotsuga - douglas-firs (five species) Subfamily Abietoideae     Abies - firs (about 50 species)     Cedrus - cedars (two to four species)     Pseudolarix - golden larch (one species)     Keteleeria (three... The British Isles consist of Great Britain, Ireland (usually) and a number of much smaller surrounding islands. ... In biology, a species is the basic unit of biodiversity. ... Species About 115. ... Official language(s) English Capital Sacramento Largest city Los Angeles Area  Ranked 3rd  - Total 158,302 sq mi (410,000 km²)  - Width 250 miles (400 km)  - Length 770 miles (1,240 km)  - % water 4. ... Santa Cruz County is a county located on the Pacific coast of California, just south of the San Francisco Bay Area, it forms the northern coast of the Monterey Bay. ... Monterey County is a county located on the Pacific coast of California, its northwestern section forming the southern half of Monterey Bay. ... Location in the state of California Formed 1850 Seat San Luis Obispo Area  - Total  - Water 9,364 km² (3,616 mi²) 806 km² (311 mi²) 8. ... Southeast coast of Guadalupe Island Guadalupe Island, or Isla Guadalupe, () is a volcanic island located 241 kilometers (150 miles) off the west coast of Mexicos Baja California peninsula and some 400 kilometers (250 miles) southwest of the border city of Tijuana in Baja California state, in the Pacific Ocean. ... Cedros Island lies in the Pacific Ocean, 22 km (14 miles) off the west coast of Baja California, 426 km (265 miles) south of Ensenada. ... // {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding= 2 width=240 style=margin-left:3px align=right !align=center bgcolor=#ccccff colspan=3|Estado de Baja California |- |align=center colspan=3| |- !align=center bgcolor=#ccccff colspan=3|Location |- |align=center colspan=3| |- !align=center bgcolor=#ccccff colspan=3|Municipalities |- |align=center colspan=3...

P. radiata grows to between 15-30 m in height in the wild, but up to 60 m in cultivation in optimum conditions, with upward pointing branches and a rounded top. The leaves ('needles') are bright green, in clusters of three (two in var. binata), slender, 8-15 cm long and with a blunt tip. The cones are 7-17 cm long, brown, ovoid (egg-shaped), and usually set asymmetrically on a branch, attached at an oblique angle. The bark is fissured and dark grey to brown. The leaves of a Beech tree A leaf with laminar structure and pinnate venation In botany, a leaf is an above-ground plant organ specialized for photosynthesis. ... A cone (in formal botanical usage: strobilus, plural strobili) is an organ on plants in the division Pinophyta (conifers) that contains the reproductive structures. ... Bark is the outermost layer of stems and roots of woody plants such as trees. ...

It is closely related to Bishop Pine and Knobcone Pine, hybridizing readily with both species; it is distinguished from the former by needles in threes (not pairs), and from both by the cones not having a sharp spine on the scales. Binomial name Pinus muricata The Bishop Pine (Pinus muricata) is a pine with a very restricted range: mostly California, USA, including some offshore islands, and a few locations in Baja California, Mexico, and always on or near the coast, from Trinidad Head in Humboldt County, California south to San Vicente... Binomial name Pinus attenuata The Knobcone Pine (Pinus attenuata) is a tree that grows in mild climates on poor soils. ...

In the wild, Monterey Pine in California is seriously threatened by an introduced fungal disease, Pine Pitch Canker, caused by Fusarium circinatum, while var. binata on Guadalupe Island is critically endangered (less than 100 surviving trees) by uncontrolled grazing by goats released long ago on this uninhabited island. Note:This article is about Canker in plants. ... Species See Species and subspecies The goat is a mammal in the genus Capra, which consists of nine species: the Ibex, the West Caucasian Tur, the East Caucasian Tur, the Markhor, and the Wild Goat. ...

Habitat issues

The forests associated with Monterey Pine are associated with other flora and fauna of note. In particular, the pine forest in Monterey, California was the discovery site for Hickman's potentilla, an endangered wildflower. Nearby in a remnant pine forest of Pacific Grove, is a prime breeding habitat of the Monarch butterfly. Looking north from Cannery Row toward Fishermans Wharf The City of Monterey is located on Monterey Bay along the Pacific coast in northern California. ... Binomial name Potentilla hickmanii Eastw. ... Pacific Grove is a town in Monterey County, California, with a total population of 15,522 as of the 2000 census. ... Binomial name Danaus plexippus (Linnaeus, 1758) The Monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) is a well-known North American butterfly. ...

Cultivation and uses

It is a fast-growing tree, adaptable to a broad range of soil types and climates, though does not tolerate temperatures below about -15°C. Its fast growth makes it ideal for forestry; in a good situation, P. radiata can reach its full height in 40 years or so. It was first introduced into New Zealand in the 1850s; today, over 90% of the country's plantation forests are of this species. This includes the Kaingaroa Forest on the central plateau of the North Island which is the largest planted forest in the world. Australia also has massive Radiata Pine plantations; so much so that many Australians are concerned by the resulting loss of native wildlife habitat. A few native animals, however, thrive on P. radiata, notably the Yellow-tailed Black Cockatoo which, although deprived of much of its natural diet by massive habitat alteration, feeds on P. radiata seeds. P. radiata has also been introduced to the Valdivian temperate rain forests of southern Chile, where vast plantations have been planted for timber, again displacing the native forests. The coniferous Coast Redwood, the tallest tree species on earth. ... // Events and Trends Technology Production of steel revolutionised by invention of the Bessemer process Benjamin Silliman fractionates petroleum by distillation for the first time First transatlantic telegraph cable laid First safety elevator installed by Elisha Otis Science Charles Darwin publishes The Origin of Species, putting forward the theory of evolution... Kaingaroa Forest is the largest forest in the North Island of New Zealand, and the largest plantation in the southern hemisphere. ... Binomial name Calyptorhynchus funereus Shaw, 1794 Yellow-tailed Black Cockatoo range (in red) The Yellow-tailed Black Cockatoo, Calyptorhynchus funereus, is a large cockatoo native to the south-east of Australia. ... The Valdivian temperate rain forests are a terrestrial ecoregion located on the west coast of southern South America, in Chile and extending into a small part of Argentina. ...

In areas such as New Zealand this tree has become naturalized, and is considered a weed in the native forest habitat where it has escaped from plantations.

Detail of bark Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1600x1600, 491 KB) Bark of Radiata Pine tree File links The following pages link to this file: Pine Bark ...

Pine cone on forest floor Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1600x1067, 465 KB) Edited version of Image:Pine_cone. ...

Monterey Pine plantation, Australia Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1600x1067, 916 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: Forest Pine Wikipedia:Featured picture candidates/Pine forest Wikipedia:Featured pictures candidates/September-2005 ...

Monterey Pine plantation Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1600x1067, 848 KB) Radiata Pine tree forest File links The following pages link to this file: Pine ...

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References

• Conifer Specialist Group (1998). Pinus radiata. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Downloaded on 11 May 2006.