 Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat to a white man. The Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA) was formed on December 5, 1955 by black ministers and community leaders in Montgomery, Alabama. Under the leadership of Martin Luther King, Jr., the MIA was instrumental in guiding the Montgomery bus boycott, a successful campaign that focused national attention on racial segregation in the South and catapulted King into the national spotlight. Photo of Rosa Parks fingerprinted after arrest on Montgomery AL Bus. ...
Photo of Rosa Parks fingerprinted after arrest on Montgomery AL Bus. ...
Rosa Louise McCauley Parks (February 4, 1913 – October 24, 2005) was an African American civil rights activist whom the U.S. Congress dubbed the Mother of the Modern-Day Civil Rights Movement. Parks is famous for her refusal on December 1, 1955 to obey a bus drivers demand that...
History
 The bus on which Rosa Parks rode is now a museum exhibit Following Rosa Parks' arrest on 1 December for failing to vacate her seat for a white passenger on a Montgomery city bus, Jo Anne Robinson of the Women’s Political Council and E. D. Nixon of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) launched plans for a one-day boycott of Montgomery buses on 5 December. Ninety percent of the black community participated and stayed off the buses that day, prompting calls for boycott leaders to harness the momentum into a larger protest campaign. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1693x1105, 105 KB)The bus on which Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat sparking the Montgomery Bus Boycott, a U.S. civil rights landmark. ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1693x1105, 105 KB)The bus on which Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat sparking the Montgomery Bus Boycott, a U.S. civil rights landmark. ...
Forming the Association At a meeting that evening attended by several thousand community members, the MIA was established to oversee the continuation and maintenance of the boycott, and King, a young minister new to Montgomery, was elected its chairman. The organization’s overall mission, however, extended beyond the boycott campaign, as it sought to "improve the general status of Montgomery, to improve race relations, and to uplift the general tenor of the community."
After the MIA’s initial meeting, the executive committee drafted the demands of the boycott and agreed that the campaign would continue until demands were met. Their demands included courteous treatment by bus operators, first-come, first-served seating, and emp loyment of Negro bus drivers. Over the next year, the association organized carpools and held weekly gatherings with sermons and music to keep the black community mobilized. Also during this time period, MIA officers negotiated with Montgomery city leaders, coordinated legal challenges with the NAACP to the city's bus segregation ordinance, and supported the boycott financially, raising money by passing the plate at meetings and soliciting support from northern and southern civil rights organizations.
Victory Following its success in Montgomery, the MIA became one of the founding organizations of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) in January 1957. The MIA lost some vital momentum after King moved from Montgomery to Atlanta in 1960, but the organization continued campaigns throughout the 1960s, focusing on voter registration, local school integration, and the integration of Montgomery parkS.
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James F. Blake (April 14, 1912 – March 21, 2002) was the bus driver whom Rosa Parks defied in 1955, prompting the Montgomery Bus Boycott. ...
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Martin Luther King, Jr. ...
Coretta Scott King (April 27, 1927 – January 30, 2006) was the wife of the assassinated civil rights activist Martin Luther King, Jr. ...
Edgar Daniel Nixon (July 12, 1899 – February 25, 1987) was an American civil rights leader and union organizer, and played an important role in organizing the Montgomery Bus Boycott. ...
“My feets is tired, but my soul is rested. ...
Jo Ann Robinson was a black woman in Montgomery, Alabama she joined the Womens Political Council in 1946. ...
Bayard Rustin at news briefing on the Civil Rights March on Washington, August 27, 1963 Bayard Rustin (March 17, 1912 - August 24, 1987) was an African-American civil rights activist, important largely behind the scenes in the civil rights movement of the 1960s and earlier. ...
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The Congress of Racial Equality or CORE is a U.S. civil rights organization that played a pivotal role in the Civil Rights Movement of the 20th century. ...
The Southern Christian Leadership Conference Logo. ...
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See also To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
Further reading - My Soul Is Rested, The Story Of The Civil Rights Movement In The Deep South, by Howell Raines, ISBN 0140067531
- Parting The Waters; America In The King Years 1954-63, by Taylor Branch, ISBN 0671460978
- Stride Toward Freedom, by Martin Luther King Jr., ISBN 0062504908
- The Origins Of The Civil Rights Movement, Black Communities Organizing For Change, by Aldon D. Morris, ISBN 0029221307
- Eyes on The Prize, America's Civil Rights Years 1954-1965, Juan Williams, ISBN 0140096531
- Eyes on The Prize Civil Rights Reader, documents, speeches, and first hand accounts from the black freedom struggle, Ed. Clayborne Carson, David J. Garrow, Gerabld Gill, Vincent Harding, Darlene Clark Hine, p. 45 - 60, ISBN 0140154035
- Mary Fair Burks, "Trailblazers: Women in the Montgomery Bus Boycott," in Vicki L. Crawford, Jacqueline Anne Rouse and Barbara Woods, eds., Women in the Civil Rights Movement (B loomington: University of Indiana Press, 1990)
- Clayborne Carson, Stewart Burns, Susan Carson, Peter Hol loran & Dana L. H. Powell, eds., The Papers of Martin Luther King, Jr., Volume III: Birth of a New Age, December 1955–December 1956 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997)
- Clayborne Carson, ed., The Autobiography of Martin Luther King, Jr.(New York: Warner Books, 1998)
- Martin Luther King, Jr., Stride Toward Freedom: the Montgomery Story (New York: Harper & Row, 1958)
- Aldon Morris, The Origins of the Civil Rights Movement: Black Communities Organizing for Change (New York: The Free Press, 1994)
- Howell Raines, My Soul is Rested: Movement Days in the Deep South Remembered (New York: Puttnam, 1977)
- Jo Ann Robinson, The Montgomery Bus Boycott and the Women Who Started It (Knoxville, Tennessee: University of Tennessee Press, 1987) "MIA Mass Meeting at Holt Street Baptist Church," 5 December 1955
- "To the Montgomery Public," advertisement submitted by King and the MIA to the Sunday Advertiser and Alabama Journal, 25 December 1955
- King’s address to MIA Mass Meeting at Day Street Baptist Church, 26 April 1956
- King’s address to MIA Mass Meeting at Holt Street Baptist Church, 14 November 1956
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