NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Montoneros

The Movimiento Peronista Montonero was an Argentinian radical leftist nationalist-catholic guerrilla group, active during the 1970s. Its motto was venceremos ("we'll win"). Image File history File links Stop_hand. ... Image File history File links Montoneros_Logo_2. ... Image File history File links Montoneros_Logo_2. ... Motto: Spanish: En UniÃ³n y Libertad (English: In Union and Liberty) Anthem: Himno Nacional Argentino Capital Buenos Aires Largest city Buenos Aires Official language(s) Spanish Government â€¢ President Federal republic NÃ©stor Kirchner Independence â€¢ May Revolution â€¢ Declared â€¢ Recognized From Spain 25 May 1810 9 July 1816 1821 (by Portugal... In politics, left-wing, the political left or simply The Left are terms that refer to the segment of the political spectrum typically associated with any of several strains of socialism, social democracy or social liberalism, and defined in contradistinction to its polar opposite, the right. ... Guerrilla War redirects here. ...

From 1970 to Videla's military junta

The group formed around 1970 from the confluence of Catholic groups with Social Studies students' groups and with left-wing supporters of Juan Domingo Perón. Their best-known leader was Mario Firmenich. The Montoneros hoped that Perón would return from exile in Francoist Spain and transform Argentina into a "Socialist Fatherland". 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1970 calendar). ... Juan Domingo PerÃ³n (October 8, 1895 â€“ July 1, 1974) was an Argentine military officer and the President of Argentina from 1946 to 1955 and from 1973 to 1974. ... Mario Eduardo Firmenich (b. ... The Spanish Civil War officially ended on 1 April 1939, the day Francisco Franco announced the end of hostilities. ...

The Montoneros initiated a campaign to destabilize the pro-American regime then in power. In retaliation against a massacre, the Montoneros kidnapped and executed former Argentinean dictator Pedro Eugenio Aramburu (1955-58) and other citizens, among them, unionists, politicians, diplomats, and businessmen. They financed their operations by ransoming rich businessmen or foreign executives, gaining as much as $14.2 million in a single deal in 1974 for an Exxon executive. This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Exxon Mobil Corporation or ExxonMobil (NYSE: XOM), headquartered in Irving, Texas, is an oil producer and distributor formed on November 30, 1999, by the merger of Exxon and Mobil. ...

On March 11, 1973, Argentina held general elections for the first time in ten years. Perón loyalist Héctor Cámpora became president, before resigning in July to allow Perón to win the new elections in October. However a feud developed between right-wing Peronists and the Montoneros. The right-wingers, the unions, and the Radical Party leaded by Ricardo Balbín, favoured a social pact between trade unions and employers rather than a socialist revolution. Right-wingers and Montoneros clashed at Perón's homecoming ceremony during the June 20, 1973 Ezeiza massacre, leaving 13 dead and more than 300 wounded. Perón supported the unions, the radicals leaded by Ricardo Balbín and the right-wing peronists, among whom José Lopez Rega, founder of the Alianza Anticomunista Argentina ("Triple A") death squad, which had organized the massacre, along with the Peronist and non-Peronist guerrilla groups. March 11 is the 70th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (71st in Leap year). ... 1973 (MCMLXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday. ... HÃ©ctor JosÃ© CÃ¡mpora Demaestre (1909-1980) was a former president of Argentina from May 25 until July 13, 1973. ... Ricardo BalbÃn (born on July 19, 1904 in Buenos Aires - died September 9, 1981) was an Argentine lawyer and politician, and one of the most important figures of the UniÃ³n CÃvica Radical party (UCR), for which he was presidential candidate four times: in 1951, 1958, 1972 and... The Ezeiza massacre took place on June 20, 1973 near the Ezeiza international airport in Buenos Aires, Argentina. ... This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Ricardo BalbÃn (born on July 19, 1904 in Buenos Aires - died September 9, 1981) was an Argentine lawyer and politician, and one of the most important figures of the UniÃ³n CÃvica Radical party (UCR), for which he was presidential candidate four times: in 1951, 1958, 1972 and... JosÃ© LÃ³pez Rega in the mid-1970s JosÃ© LÃ³pez Rega (born in Buenos Aires, 17 October 1916 â€“ 9 June 1989) was Argentinas Minister of Social Welfare during the Peronist government started in 1973 by Juan PerÃ³n and continued after PerÃ³ns death in 1974 by... The Alianza Anticomunista Argentina (Argentine Anticommunist Alliance, usually known as Triple A or AAA) was a far-right death squad active in Argentina during the mid-1970s, linked to the military junta led by Jorge Rafael Videla. ... A death squad is an armed group that carries out, usually in secrecy, extrajudicial assassinations and forced disappearances of activists, dissidents and others perceived as interfering with a social or political status quo. ...

In May 1974, the Montoneros were expelled from the Justicialist movement by Perón. However, the Montoneros waited until after the death of Perón in July 1974 to react, with the exception of the assasination of José Ignacio Rucci, general secretary of the CGT (General Confederation of Labour) on September 25, 1973, and some other military actions. This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...

The Montoneros claimed the "social revolutionary vision of authentic Peronism" and started guerrilla operations against the government. In the government the more radically right-wing factions quickly took control; Isabel Perón, President since Juan Perón's death, was essentially a figurehead under the influence of former police officer José Lopez Rega. President PerÃ³n giving a speech MarÃa Estela MartÃnez de PerÃ³n (born on February 4, 1931, in La Rioja, Argentina) better known as Isabel MartÃnez de PerÃ³n would become the third wife of Argentine President Juan PerÃ³n and serve as President of Argentina in... JosÃ© LÃ³pez Rega in the mid-1970s JosÃ© LÃ³pez Rega (born in Buenos Aires, 17 October 1916 â€“ 9 June 1989) was Argentinas Minister of Social Welfare during the Peronist government started in 1973 by Juan PerÃ³n and continued after PerÃ³ns death in 1974 by...

On July 15, 1974, Montoneros assassinated Arturo Mor Roig, a former foreign minister. In September, in order to finance their operations, they kidnapped two members of the Bunge and Born business family. They demanded and received as ransom $60 million in cash and $1.2 million worth of food and clothing to be given to the poor. This ransom is the highest ever paid according to Guinness Book of Records. Bunge y Born was an Argentinian-based multinational corporation. ... Suresh Joachim, minutes away from breaking the ironing world record at 55 hours and 5 minutes, at Shoppers World, Brampton. ...

The Triple A under Rega's auspices began hunting down, killing, and arresting Montoneros and members of Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (ERP)as well as other leftist militant groups. The EjÃ©rcito Revolucionario del Pueblo (ERP) was the military branch of the PRT (Partido Revolucionario de los Trabajadores, or Workers Revolutionary Party) in Argentina. ...

The Montoneros and ERP went on to attack business and political figures throughout Argentina as well as raid military bases for weapons and explosives. The Montoneros killed executives from General Motors, Ford and Chrysler. The group also sank an Argentine naval ship in 1975. On July 2, 1976 they detonated a powerful bomb in the Federal Intelligence Department of Buenos Aires, killing 18 and injuring 66 people, many of them innocent civilians. ERP is a TLA (three-letter acronym) that may stand for: European Recovery Program, more commonly known as the Marshall Plan Effective radiated power, a term used in radio communications for calculating the power of a communications system in terms of its gains and losses. ... General Motors Corporation (NYSE: GM), also known as GM, is an American automobile maker with worldwide operations and brands including Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, GMC, Holden, Hummer, Opel, Pontiac, Saturn, Saab and Vauxhall. ... The Ford Motor Company (usually called Ford; sometimes called FoMoCo), (NYSE: F) is a multinational corporation that manufactures automobiles. ... The Chrysler Corporation was a United States-based automobile manufacturer that existed independently from 1925â€“1998. ... 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1975 calendar). ... July 2 is the 183rd day of the year (184th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 182 days remaining. ... 1976 (MCMLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1976 calendar). ... Buenos Aires (English: Fair Winds; originally Ciudad de la SantÃsima Trinidad y Puerto de Santa MarÃa de los Buenos Aires, City of the Holy Trinity and Port of Saint Mary of the Fair Winds) is the capital of Argentina and its largest city and port, and one of...

By the time Videla's military Junta took power in March of '76, approximately ten thousand political prisoners were being held in various prisons around Argentina. These political prisoners were held throughout the years of the dictatorship, many of them never receiving trials, in prisons such as La Plata, Devoto, Rawson, and Caseros. Jorge Rafael Videla Redondo (born August 2, 1925 in Mercedes) is a former Argentine soldier and politician. ... Northeastern view of Caseros, March, 2006 // CÃ¡rcel de Caseros cÃ¡rcel - jail Introduction A panopticon prison, the Carcel de Caseros resides in Parque Patricios, a neighborhood in the southern part of Capital Federal, Buenos Aires, Argentina. ...

Under Jorge Videla's junta

In March 1976, Isabel Perón was ousted and a military junta installed, led by General Jorge Rafael Videla. The Junta responded to guerrilla groups with a Dirty War to counter terrorism. Up to 30,000 people died or disappeared at the hands of regular units of the armed forces and sanctioned vigilant organizations between 1976 and 1983. They relied on mass arrests, torture, and executions without trial, the bodies that were not helicoptered out into the Atlantic Ocean, being left on the streets as an example to the militants still at large. The Montoneros suffered heavy losses, out of around 7000 active supporters 1600 were killed in 1976 and the rest forced to scatter. Image File history File links Montoneros_Logo. ... Image File history File links Montoneros_Logo. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Dirty War. ... Jorge Rafael Videla Redondo (born August 2, 1925 in Mercedes) was the de facto President of Argentina from 1976 to 1981. ... Dirty War (in Spanish: Guerra Sucia) refers to a program of a state-sponsored war on domestic citizens in response to strikes, social unrest, violence or subversion that is claimed to threaten a countrys stability. ... 1976 (MCMLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1976 calendar). ...

The Montoneros were effectively finished by 1977, although some did fight on until 1981. During the Falklands War, the Argentinian military conceived the failed Operation Algeciras, a plan to convince some Montoneros to, out of patriotism and with some covert support, sabotage the British military facilities in Gibraltar. For the album by Ash, see 1977 (album). ... 1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Falklands War (Spanish: Guerra de las Malvinas), was an effective state of war in 1982 between Argentina and the United Kingdom over the Falkland Islands (also known in Spanish as the Islas Malvinas) and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands. ... Operation Algeciras was a failed plan conceived by the Argentinian military to covertly sabotage a British Royal Navy warship in Gibraltar during the Falklands War. ...

Argentina remained under military rule until December 10, 1983, finally achieving democracy following the war fiasco. December 10 is the 344th day (345th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

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From 1970 to Videla's military junta

Under Jorge Videla's junta

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Under Jorge Videla's junta

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From 1970 to Videla's military junta