Moringa oleifera, commonly referred to simply as Moringa, is the most widely cultivated variety of the genus Moringa. It is of the family Moringaceae. It is an exceptionally nutritious vegetable tree with a variety of potential uses. The tree itself is rather slender with drooping branches that grows to approximately 10 m in height; however, it normally is cut back annually to one meter or less, and allowed to regrow, so that pods and leaves remain within arms reach. Drumstick has many different meanings: A drum stick is a tool used to play drums. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2048x1536, 1181 KB) Photographer: Harvey McDaniel from Naalehu, HI Title: Moringa flower 5 Description: Moringa flower Taken on: 2004-10-02 00:26:42 Original source: Flickr. ... For other uses, see Scientific classification (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Plant (disambiguation). ... Classes Magnoliopsida - Dicots Liliopsida - Monocots The flowering plants or angiosperms are the most widespread group of land plants. ... Magnoliopsida is the botanical name for a class of flowering plants. ... Families See text. ... Species Moringa arborea Moringa borziana Moringa concanensis Moringa drouhardii Moringa hildebrandtii Moringa longituba Moringa oleifera Moringa ovalifolia Moringa peregrina Moringa pygmaea Moringa rivae Moringa ruspoliana Moringa stenopetala Moringa is the only genus in the family Moringaceae. ... Species Moringa arborea Moringa borziana Moringa concanensis Moringa drouhardii Moringa hilldebrandtii Moringa longituba Moringa oleifera Moringa ovalifolia Moringa peregrina Moringa pygmaea Moringa rivae Moringa ruspoliana Moringa stenopetala Moringa is the only genus in the family Moringaceae. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Species Moringa arborea Moringa borziana Moringa concanensis Moringa drouhardii Moringa hilldebrandtii Moringa longituba Moringa oleifera Moringa ovalifolia Moringa peregrina Moringa pygmaea Moringa rivae Moringa ruspoliana Moringa stenopetala Moringa is the only genus in the family Moringaceae. ... A plate of vegetables Vegetable is a culinary term which generally refers to an edible part of a plant. ... The coniferous Coast Redwood, the tallest tree species on earth. ... // Look up pod in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Leaves are an Icelandic five-piece alternative rock band who came to prominence in 2002 with their debut album, Breathe, drawing comparisons to groups such as Coldplay and Doves. ...

The Moringa tree grows mainly in semi-arid tropical and subtropical areas. While it grows best in dry sandy soil, it tolerates poor soil, including coastal areas. It is a fast-growing, drought-resistant tree that is native to the southern foothills of the Himalayas, and possibly Africa and the Middle East^[1]. Today it is widely cultivated in Africa, Central and South America, Sri Lanka, India, Mexico, Malaysia and the Philippines. Considered one of the world’s most useful trees, as almost every part of the Moringa tree can be used for food, or has some other beneficial property. In the tropics it is used as foliage for livestock. The tree has its origin from the South Indian State of Tamilnadu. Semi-arid generally describes regions that receive low annual rainfall (25 to 50 cm /10 to 20 in) and generally have scrub or grass vegetation. ... The tropics are the geographic region of the Earth centered on the equator and limited in latitude by the two tropics: the Tropic of Cancer in the north and the Tropic of Capricorn in the southern hemisphere. ... Subtropical (or semitropical) areas are those adjacent to the tropics, usually roughly defined as the ranges 23. ... For other uses, see Sand (disambiguation). ... Loess field in Germany Surface-water-gley developed in glacial till, Northern Ireland Technically, soil forms the pedosphere: the interface between the lithosphere (rocky part of the planet) and the biosphere, atmosphere, and hydrosphere. ... Fields outside Benambra, Victoria, Australia suffering from drought conditions A drought is an extended period of months or years when a region notes a deficiency in its water supply. ... For the movie Himalaya, see Himalaya (film). ... A world map showing the continent of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. ... A map showing countries commonly considered to be part of the Middle East The Middle East is a region comprising the lands around the southern and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Sea, a territory that extends from the eastern Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf. ... A world map showing the continent of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. ... South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere. ... “Foliage” redirects here. ... Sheep are commonly bred as livestock. ...

The immature green pods, called “drumsticks” are probably the most valued and widely used part of the tree. They are commonly consumed in India, and are generally prepared in a similar fashion to green beans and have a slight asparagus taste. The seeds are sometimes removed from more mature pods and eaten like peas or roasted like nuts. The flowers are edible when cooked, and are said to taste like mushrooms. The roots are shredded and used as a condiment in the same way as horseradish, however it contains the alkaloid spirochin, a potentially fatal nerve paralyzing agent, so such practices should be strongly discouraged. IMx, formerly known as Immature, is an American hip-hop and R&B boy band. ... Green bean plant Green beans are the immature pods of any kind of bean when eaten immature as a vegetable. ... For the botanical genus, see Asparagus (genus). ... Taste is one of the traditional five senses and refers to the ability to detect the flavor of foodstuffs and other substances (e. ... Binomial name Pisum sativum A pea (Pisum sativum) is the small, edible round green seed which grows in a pod on a leguminous vine, hence why it is called a legume. ... For other uses, see Nut (disambiguation). ... Wildflowers A flower is the reproductive organ of those plants classified as angiosperms ( flowering plants; Division Magnoliophyta). ... Basidiocarps (mushrooms) of the fungus Leucocoprinus sp. ... For other uses, see Root (disambiguation). ... Salt, sugar and pepper are the most essential condiments in Western cuisine. ... Binomial name P.G. Gaertn. ... Chemical structure of ephedrine, a phenethylamine alkaloid An alkaloid is, strictly speaking, a naturally occurring amine produced by a plant,[1] but amines produced by animals and fungi are also called alkaloids. ... Nerves (yellow) Nerves redirects here. ...

The leaves are highly nutritious, being a significant source of beta-carotene, Vitamin C, protein, iron and potassium. The leaves are cooked and used like spinach. In addition to being used fresh as a substitute for spinach, its leaves are commonly dried and crushed into a powder, and used in soups and sauces. Murungakai Tamil as it is locally known in Tamil Nadu is used in Siddha medicine. Its leaves are full of medicinal properties. The tree is a good source for calcium and phosphorus. In Siddha medicine, the drumstick seeds are used as a sexual virility drug for treating erectile dysfunction in men and also in women for prolonging sexual activity. Nutrition is interpreted as the study of the organic process by which an organism assimilates and uses food and liquids for normal functioning, growth and maintenance and to maintain the balance between health and disease. ... Beta-carotene is a form of carotene with β-rings at both ends. ... This article is about the nutrient. ... A representation of the 3D structure of myoglobin, showing coloured alpha helices. ... For other uses, see Iron (disambiguation). ... General Name, symbol, number potassium, K, 19 Chemical series alkali metals Group, period, block 1, 4, s Appearance silvery white Standard atomic weight 39. ... Binomial name Spinacia oleracea L. Percentages are relative to US recommendations for adults. ... Powder is a substance that has been crushed into very fine grains. ... Soup is a savoury liquid food that is made by boiling ingredients, such as meat, vegetables and beans in stock or hot water, until the flavor is extracted. ... For the computer protocol, see SAUCE In cooking, a sauce is a liquid served on or used in the preparation of food. ... Tamil Nadu (தமிழ் நாடு, Land of the Tamils) is a state at the southern tip of India. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Siddha. ... Virility is part of the traditional idealized male gender role. ...

The Moringa seeds yield 38–40% edible oil (called ben oil, from the high concentration of behenic acid contained in the oil) that can be used in cooking, cosmetics, and lubrication. The refined oil is clear, odorless, and resists rancidity at least as well as any other botanical oil. The seed cake remaining after oil extraction may be used as a fertilizer or as a flocculant to purify water. A vegetable oil or vegoil is an oil extracted from oilseeds or another plant source. ... Ben oil is pressed from the seeds of the Moringa oleifera, known variously as the horseradish tree, ben oil tree, or drumstick tree. ... Cooking is the act of preparing food. ... “Make-up” redirects here. ... Lubrication occurs when opposing surfaces are separated by a lubricant film. ... Ben oil is pressed from the seeds of the Moringa oleifera, known variously as the horseradish tree, ben oil tree, or drumstick tree. ... The most fundamental reactions in chemistry are the redox processes. ... Spreading manure, an organic fertilizer Fertilizers (also spelled fertilisers) are compounds given to plants to promote growth; they are usually applied either via the soil, for uptake by plant roots, or by foliar feeding, for uptake through leaves. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Purify is a memory debugger program used by software developers to detect memory access errors in programs, especially those written in C or C++. It was originally written by Reed Hastings of Pure Software. ...

The bark, sap, roots, leaves, seeds, oil and flowers are used in traditional medicine in several countries. In Jamaica, the sap is used for a blue dye. For other meanings of bark, see Bark (disambiguation). ... Sap exuding (gummosis) from the stem of a koa tree, probably in response to surface damage Sap is the fluid carried in tubules inside a plant, circulating to distribute food and water to various parts of the plant. ... The term describes medical knowledge systems, which developed over centuries within various societies before the era of modern medicine; traditional medicines include medicines such as herbal medicine, Ayurvedic medicine, Unani medicine, Acupuncture, Traditional Chinese medicine, Traditional Ayurvedic Medicine, South African Muti, Yoruba Ifá, as well as other medical knowledge and... Look up dye in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

The flowers are also cooked and relished as a delicacy in West Bengal and Bangladesh, especially during early spring. There it is called sojne ful and is usually cooked with green peas and potato. For other uses, see Potato (disambiguation). ...

Malnutrition

Interest is growing in the use of moringa in addressing malnutrition in developing areas of the world. Also Because of its high vitamin and mineral content, in Africa it has become popular as a locally produced nutritional supplement for individuals infected with the HIV/AIDS virus. It can be grown cheaply and easily, so several governments in Africa have promoted Moringa oleifera as locally produced food beneficial to HIV-positive individuals. Percentage of population affected by malnutrition by country, according to United Nations statistics. ... Developing is a short film directed by Marya Cohn, about the relationship between a girl and her single mother, who has breast cancer. ... Retinol (Vitamin A) For the record label, see Vitamin Records A vitamin is an organic compound required in tiny amounts for essential metabolic reactions in a living organism. ... For other uses, see Mineral (disambiguation). ... In the United States, a dietary supplement is defined under the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 as a product taken by the mouth that contains a dietary ingredient that is intended as a supplement to the diet. ...

Moringa leaves in a market in Baguio, Philippines

It has been used successfully to combat malnutrition among infants and women of childbearing age. In Africa, nursing mothers have been shown to produce far more milk when Moringa leaves have been added to their diet, while severely malnourished children have made significant weight gains when the leaves have been added to their diets. It is commonly added to porridge increase its nutritional content. Image File history File links MoringaLeavesBaguio. ... Image File history File links MoringaLeavesBaguio. ... Click here for the entry on Baguio City ... A human infant The word Infant derives from the Latin in-fans, meaning unable to speak. ... Image of a woman on the Pioneer plaque sent to outer space. ... An infant breastfeeding International Breastfeeding Symbol (Matt Daigle, Mothering magazine contest winner 2006) Breastfeeding is the feeding of an infant or young child with milk from a womans breasts. ... A glass of cows milk. ... In nutrition, the diet is the sum of food consumed by a person or other organism. ... For other uses, see Weight (disambiguation). ... ‹ The template below is being considered for deletion. ...

One doctor in Senegal (West Africa) explained: "We have always had problems with the classical approach to treating malnourished children. This was based on industrial products: whole milk powder, vegetable oil and sugar. All these things are expensive. When you tell a parent to go out and buy these things—this can be truly costly for him. On the other hand, with Moringa the resource is locally available. The people themselves can produce it. We have done experiments in treating malnourished children with this plant and the results have been really spectacular.”  Western Africa (UN subregion)  Maghreb[1] West Africa or Western Africa is the westernmost region of the African continent. ... Powdered milk is a powder of a substance that when mixed with water creates a milk drink. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with cooking oil. ... This article is about sugar as food and as an important and widely traded commodity. ...

Cultivation

In India, the plant is propagated by planting limb cuttings 1–2 m long, from June to August, preferably. The plant starts bearing pods 6–8 months after planting but regular bearing commenced after the second year. The tree bears for several years. It does not tolerate freezes or frost. It can also be propagated by seed. As with all plants, optimum cultivation depends on producing the right environment for the plant to thrive. Moringa is a sun and heat loving plant. As a seedling, however, you must monitor the environment in the beginning until the tree is established. Seeds can be germinated year round. Cutting is the separation of a physical object, or a portion of a physical object, into two portions, through the application of an acutely directed force. ... Freeze may refer to: Freeze, a particularly cold spell of weather, a snow storm or an ice storm. ... Frost on black pipes Frost is a solid deposition of water vapor from saturated air. ... A ripe red jalapeño cut open to show the seeds For other uses, see Seed (disambiguation). ...

Soil

Moringa needs well draining soil. Increase the drainage of your soil by adding perlite or other porous substance. Loess field in Germany Surface-water-gley developed in glacial till, Northern Ireland Technically, soil forms the pedosphere: the interface between the lithosphere (rocky part of the planet) and the biosphere, atmosphere, and hydrosphere. ... Expanded Perlite Perlite is an amorphous volcanic glass that has a relatively high water content. ...

Planting seeds

Plant an inch from the surface of the soil, cover and tamp gently.

Planting seedlings

Dig a hole twice the depth of the pot. Be careful not to disturb the root when transplanting. Cut the bottom of the pot out and slit one side. Place the pot and seedling into the hole and back fill with soil, tamp gently. Water frequently. Do not let the soil dry out.

Moringa creates a taproot. Sometimes the top plant may die out due to heat, dry soil, or a change in the environment. This does not necessarily mean the plant has died. Check the taproot to see if it is still firm. If it is, keep the seedling damp with filtered sun. Moringa is a very hardy plant and can revive itself given time and good conditions. If the taproot is soft, it is dead. Moringa will die from root rot, which is from poor draining soil. This article is about the plant root system. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

Frost may cause the tree to drop leaves and even die down to the ground. Keep damp. It will revive in the spring. Freezing temperatures or continuous days of frost can kill Moringa. If you live in a cold climate you must keep the plant warm.

Moringa is common in India, where its triangular, ribbed pods with winged seeds are used as a vegetable crop. It is particularly suitable for dry regions. The drumstick can be grown using rainwater without expensive irrigation techniques. The yield is good even if the water supply is not. The tree can be even grown on land covered with 10-90 cm of mud.

Moringa is grown in home gardens and as living fences in Thailand, where it is commonly sold in local markets. ^[2] In the Philippines, moringa is commonly grown for its leaves, which are used in soup. ^[3] The leaves (called dahon ng malunggay in Tagalog or dahon sa kamunggay in Cebuano) are commonly sold in local markets. Moringa is also actively cultivated by the AVRDC in Taiwan. The AVRDC is "the principal international center for vegetable research and development in the world. Its mission is to reduce poverty and malnutrition in developing countries through improved production and consumption of vegetables." Tagalog (pronunciation: ) is one of the major languages of the Republic of the Philippines. ... Cebuano, also known as Sugbuanon, is an Austronesian language spoken in the Philippines by about 18,000,000 people and is a subgroup or member of Bisaya, Visayan and Binisayâ. The name came from the Philippine island of Cebu, with the Spanish suffix -ano meaning native, of a place, added...

Culinary uses

Seeds and fruit of the M. oleifera, ready for cooking

The fruit of the tree is quite popular as a vegetable in Asia and Africa. The fruit is a long, thin pod, resembling a drum stick. The fruit itself is called drumstick in India and elsewhere. Moringa leaves are also eaten as a leaf vegetable, particularly in the Philippines and Africa. Image File history File links Oleifera_Fruits. ... Image File history File links Oleifera_Fruits. ... For other uses, see Fruit (disambiguation). ... A plate of vegetables Vegetable is a culinary term which generally refers to an edible part of a plant. ... For other uses, see Asia (disambiguation). ... A world map showing the continent of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. ... A pair of drum sticks. ... A world map showing the continent of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. ...

India

The moringa pod is known as drumstick or saragwa or saragwe in India. In South India, it is used to prepare a variety of sambar and is also fried. It is also preserved by canning and exported worldwide. In other parts of India, especially West Bengal and also in a neighboring country like Bangladesh it is enjoyed very much. It can be made into varieties of curry by mixing with coconut, poppy seeds and mustard. It can just be boiled, until the drumsticks are semi-soft and consumed directly without any extra processing or cooking. It is used in curries, sambars, kormas, and dals, although it is also used to add flavor to cutlets, etc. South India is a linguistic-cultural region of India that comprises the four states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu and the two Union Territories of Lakshadweep and Puducherry, whose inhabitants are collectively referred to as South Indians. ... The South Indian staple breakfast item of Idly, Sambhar and Vada served on a banana leaf. ... Plantains frying in vegetable oil. ... For other uses, see Canning (disambiguation). ... , West Bengal (Bengali: পশ্চিমবঙ্গ Poshchimbôŋgo) is a state in eastern India. ... This article is about the dish. ... The South Indian staple breakfast item of Idly, Sambhar and Vada served on a banana leaf. ... A vegetarian korma The korma (sometimes spelt kormaa, qorma, khorma, or kurma) is a type of mild curry dish that originated in India and is often made with yoghurt sauce, cream, or nuts. ... Masoor dal Masoor dal prepared using traditional yellow dal recipe Dal (also spelled dhal, dahl, or daal, daar) is a preparation of pulses which have been stripped of their outer hulls and split, as well as a thick, spicy stew prepared therefrom, a mainstay of Indian and Pakistani cuisine. ...

Tender drumstick leaves, finely chopped, make an excellent garnish for any vegetable dishes, dals, sambars, salads, etc. One can use the same in place of or with coriander, as these leaves have high medicinal value. If the pulp has to be scraped out after cooking the sticks, then keep the pieces as long as 4-5 inches long. Also do not scrape the skin before boiling. This will help to hold and scrape them more easily and with less mess. For drumstick sambar follow recipe for traditional sambar, adding boiled drumstick fingers, along with onions in the oil, while stir frying.

Scraped drumstick pulp can be made into drumstick bhurtha, more or less like the baingan bhurtha after the pulp has been obtained. It is a wonderfully unusual and tasty dish. The recipe is identical to that of baingan bhurtha.

Drumstick dal, is also a very tasty version of the traditional 'toor dal'. Add some of the pulp to the boiled dal, and hand beat it along with the dal before seasoning. This will give an unusual, novel flavor to this dal. In another variation you may add pieces of boiled drumstick including the water in which it was boiled, to the traditional toor dal while it is simmering. The pieces are delightful to chew on with the dal & rice. Binomial name Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. ... Binomial name Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. ...

Philippines

In the Philippines, the leaves are widely eaten. Bunches of leaves are available in many markets, priced below many other leaf vegetables. The leaves are most often added to a broth to make a simple, and highly nutritious soup. The leaves are also sometimes used as a characteristic ingredient in tinola—a traditional chicken dish, composed of chicken in a broth, moringa leaves, and either green papaya or another secondary vegetable. Tinola is a soup-based dish served as a viand or main entree in the Philippines. ... Binomial name Carica papaya L. The papaya (from Carib via Spanish), is the fruit of the tree Carica papaya, in the genus Carica. ...

On September 14, 2007, Senator Loren Legarda campaigned for the popularization of moringa, after a recent scientific report that it boosts male potency. She asked the government to make moringa among its priority crops for propagation. Research at the Bureau of Plant Industry (BPI) found that a steady consumption of its fruit increases sperm count: "helps to raise sperm count and mobility, which both translate to increased opportunity for the sperm to fertilize an egg." It is also rich in vitamins C and A, iron, and high density lipoprotein (HDL) or good cholesterol. The BPI report stated that, weight per weight, moringa leaves have the calcium equivalent of 4 glasses of milk, the vitamin C content of 7 oranges, potassium of 3 bananas, 3 times the iron of spinach, 4 times the amount of vitamin A in carrots, and 2 times the protein in milk. Moringa also helps to purify water, a cheaper alternative to mechanical filtration.^[4][5] is the 257th day of the year (258th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Loren Legarda (born January 28, 1960) is a Filipino broadcast journalist and politician. ...

Other uses

The tree's bark, roots, fruit, flowers, leaves, seeds and gum are also used medicinally in India. Uses include as an antiseptic and in treating rheumatism, venomous bites and other conditions. The moringa seed pod is also used to cleanse water (e.g. desalination of ocean salt water).

Names

Other names for the Moringa in English include:

• Drumstick tree,
• Drumstick tree, from the appearance of the long, slender, triangular seed pods.
• Horseradish tree, from the taste of the leaves, which can serve as a rough substitute for horseradish.
• Ben oil tree, from the oil derived from the seeds

The Chinese name of the Moringa (辣木), pronounced "la mu" in Putonghua and "lat mok" in Cantonese, means "spicy (hot) wood", and is reminiscent of the English name "horseradish tree". Binomial name P.G. Gaertn. ... Map of eastern China and Taiwan, showing the historic distribution of Mandarin Chinese in light brown. ... This article is about all of the Cantonese (Yue) dialects. ...

In some Indian languages, the name is phonetically somewhat similar to "moringa", while in others it is quite different:

• In Tamil it is called Murungakka in singular form, the plural form being Murungakkai.
• In Hindi it is called Munuga.
• In Marathi is it called Shevga.
• In Kannada it is known as Nuggaeekayee.
• In Telugu it is called as Mulakkaya.
• In Gujarati is it called Saragvo.
• In Oriya is it called Munika.
• In Bengali it is called Sojne danta.
• In Kerala state its known as Muringa Tree and the fruit called Muringakka in Malayalam.
• In Nepali it is known as Sajiwan or Swejan.
• In Guyana it is called Saijan

The Tagalog name, in the Philippines - Malunggay - is also phonetically similar to "moringa". In Ilocano, another Filipino language, its called Marungay. It is called "Kamunggay" in Bisaya. Tamil ( ; IPA ) is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly by Tamils in India and Sri Lanka, with smaller communities of speakers in many other countries. ... Hindi (हिन्दी) is a language spoken mainly in North and Central India. ... Marathi is one of the widely spoken languages of India, and has a long literary history. ... “Kannada” redirects here. ... “Telugu” redirects here. ... Gujarati (ગુજરાતી Gujǎrātī; also known as Gujerati, Gujarathi, Guzratee, and Guujaratee[3]) is an Indo-Aryan language descending from Sanskrit, and part of the greater Indo-European language family. ... This article is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Bengali or Bangla (IPA: ) is an Indo-Aryan language of the eastern Indian subcontinent, evolved from the Magadhi Prakrit, Pāli and Sanskrit languages. ... , Kerala ( ; Malayalam: കേരളം; ) is a state on the Malabar Coast of southwestern India. ... Malayalam (മലയാളം ) is the language spoken predominantly in the state of Kerala, in southern India. ... Nepali (Khaskura) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in Nepal, Bhutan, and some parts of India and Myanmar (Burma). ... Tagalog (pronunciation: ) is one of the major languages of the Republic of the Philippines. ... Ilocano, also Iloko and Ilokano, refers to the language and culture associated with the Ilocano people, the third largest ethnic group in the Philippines. ...

In Haiti, the moringa is called the benzolive (or benzolivier).

In Nicaragua the plant is referred to as Marango.

In Indonesian, the moringa is called kelor. In Javanese, it is called limaran. This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

The MMPND entry for Moringa gives names in many other languages.

Popular beliefs

There are several popular beliefs associated with the tree and the fruit in southern India.

• The fruit is said to increase sexual libido in men. This belief is so common in the state of Tamil Nadu that there have been passive references to this in its legislative assembly.
• The tree is said to host ghosts during the night. This combined with the fact that the tree attracts a host of insects make it unattractive for people to grow it in their backyards.

Tamil Nadu (தமிழ் நாடு, Land of the Tamils) is a state at the southern tip of India. ...

References

1. ^ James A. Duke, (1982). Handbook of Energy Crops: Moringa oleifera. From the Purdue Center for New Crops Web site.
2. ^ Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, The Vegetable Sector in Thailand, 1999
3. ^ Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Country Pasture/Forage Resource Profiles: Philippines
4. ^ Inquirer.net, Legarda pushes for malunggay, her beauty soup
5. ^ AHN, Philippine Lawmaker Urges Agriculture Department To Propagate Highly Potent Malunggay Vegetable

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Moringa oleifera

• The home page of the plant family Moringaceae: Photos and information on all 13 species
• MoringaNews Network Site
• Trees for Life Moringa Site
• Trees for Life's Moringa Book online
• John Sutherland's Moringa oleifera pages
• MMPND entry for Moringa
• Moringa Growing Information
• Philippine Medicinal Plants
• Jed W. Fahey, Sc.D.. Moringa oleifera: A Review of the Medical Evidence for Its Nutritional, Therapeutic, and Prophylactic Properties. Part 1.. Trees for Life Journal. Retrieved on 2008-8-16.
• Lydia M. Marero. A Second Look at the Lowly Malunggay. Philippines Food and Nutrition Research Institute. Retrieved on 2006-12-12.