NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Morris Marina

The Marina was a car manufactured by the Morris division of British Leyland throughout the 1970s, a period of great turbulence and difficulty for the British car industry. The model has been widely identified as symptomatic of the problems facing the industry at that time, with poor build quality and outdated design, especially in its post-1980 Ital incarnation, which over-extended the lifetime of the design. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2023x1445, 305 KB)1976 Morris Marina at Bristol Car Show, The Downs, Bristol, England. ... Automakers or automobile manufacturers are companies that design and manufacture automobiles. ... The British Leyland Motor Corporation (often abbreviated to simply BL), was a Britain in 1968. ... The Oxford name was used by the Morris Motor Company on a number of models, beginning with the 1913 Bullnose Oxford, and ending with the 1961â€“1971 Oxford VI. This page covers the post-war Oxford MO through the Oxford VI. // Oxford MO After World War II, the Oxford MO... The Morris Ital was launched in June 1980. ... It has been suggested that Vehicle size class be merged into this article or section. ... A mid-size car, frequently referred to as an intermediate, is an automobile with a size between that of a compact and a full-size or standard-size car. ... Cars can come in a large variety of different body styles. ... This article is about the type of car. ... Estate car body style (Saab 95) A station wagon (United States usage), wagon (Australian usage) or estate car (United Kingdom usage) is a car body style similar to a sedan car but with an extended rear cargo area. ... 1995 Buick Riviera coupÃ© 1990 Mercedes-Benz 560SEC coupÃ©, noted for its large, angular design A coupÃ© (from the French for cut) or coupe is a car body style with a close-coupled interior offering either two seats or 2+2 seating (space for two passengers up front and for... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Internal combustion engine. ... Austin Motor Companys small straight-4 automobile engine, the A-Series, is one of the most common in the world. ... The straight-4 or inline-4 is an internal combustion engine with four cylinders aligned in one row. ... The BMC B-Series was a straight-4 automobile engine family created as a larger alternative to the companys A-Series. ... The straight-4 or inline-4 is an internal combustion engine with four cylinders aligned in one row. ... The BMC O-Series engine was a straight-4 automobile engine family and a development of the BMC B-Series engine family. ... The straight-4 or inline-4 is an internal combustion engine with four cylinders aligned in one row. ... The straight-4 or inline-4 is an internal combustion engine with four cylinders aligned in one row. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Automotive design. ... Ford Cortina MkII 1976 Mini Clubman 1973 Morris Marina Roy Haynes was a British automobile designer. ... Morris was the name of a former English car manufacturing company. ... British Leyland corporate logo old BLMC share The British Leyland Motor Corporation (BLMC), was a vehicle manufacturing company formed in the United Kingdom in 1968. ...

Development

The Marina was developed under the ADO 28 codename. It was in production from 1971 to 1980 and thereafter as the moderately facelifted Ital until 1983 when the Morris name was consigned to history. In Australia, it was known as the Leyland Marina, in New Zealand as the Morris 1700 (for 1979–1981, in facelifted O-Series form), and in South Africa as the Austin Marina. It was also, briefly and unsuccessfully, sold in North America, as the Austin Marina. The BMC O-Series engine was a straight-4 automobile engine family and a development of the BMC B-Series engine family. ...

In the early 1970s, BL decided that 'conservative', traditionally-engineered cars would be released under the Morris name, while more adventurous cars would be released as Austins. As a result, the Marina was unadventurous, being based on tried and trusted BMC components taken straight from the Morris Minor and MGB. Intended as a stop-gap design until new product was ready later in the 1970s, it was designed by Roy Haynes, the same man who designed the Ford Cortina Mk II, with which it shares some stylistic similarities. The engines were the venerable A-Series and B-Series units in 1.3 and 1.8 litre capacities, respectively, with rear wheels being driven through a live axle. It featured torsion bar suspension at the front and leaf-spring suspension at the rear, and five body styles, saloon (sedan), estate (station wagon), coupé, pickup and van, the estate coming about almost one and a half years later in late 1972. The TC versions were equipped with a twin carburettor engine similar to that found in the MG MGB for extra performance. A 1.5-litre diesel version was offered in Europe. BMC rosette logo old BMC share A preserved BMC ambulance. ... The revolutionary Morris Minor was launched at the Earls Court Motor Show on 20 September 1948, and attracted immediate attention. ... The word MGB has several different meanings: MGB (USSR) was a predecessor of the KGB (secret police). ... Ford Cortina MkII 1976 Mini Clubman 1973 Morris Marina Roy Haynes was a British automobile designer. ... The Ford Cortina was a medium family car sold by Ford of Britain. ... Austin Motor Companys small straight-4 automobile engine, the A-Series, is one of the most common in the world. ... The BMC B-Series was a straight-4 automobile engine family created as a larger alternative to the companys A-Series. ... A live axle is a type of beam axle suspension system that uses the driveshafts that transmit power to the wheels to connect the wheels laterally so that they move together as a unit. ... A torsion spring is a ribbon, bar, or coil that reacts against twisting motion. ... 1995 Buick Riviera coupe A coupÃ© (from the French for cut) or coupe is a two or four-seater car with a fixed roof and two doors. ... Mazda compact Pickup truck with extended cabin and homebuilt lumber rack. ... A van is a vehicle used for transporting goods or groups of people. ...

The car was popular with families and undemanding car buyers, and was available in the typical BL colours of the day—brown, beige, dark limeflower (tundra) green and a funky metallic ’70s purple. It was intended to be a competitor to the generally similar Ford Cortina, Vauxhall Viva and Hillman Avenger and Hunter. The Ford Cortina was a medium family car sold by Ford of Britain. ... The Viva was a model of car produced by Vauxhall Motors in a variety of models from 1963 to 1979. ... The Hillman Avenger is a sub-compact car manufactured by the Rootes Group, and latterly Chrysler Europe. ... 1974 Sunbeam Rapier 1975 Humber Sceptre The Hillman Hunter was an automobile produced under the Hillman marque by the Rootes Group (later Chrysler Europe) from 1966 to 1979. ...

BL was beset with problems including industrial action throughout the period, and the Marina was one of a number of models that suffered. While the BL workers gradually eroded their own employment, manufacturers in Europe and Japan introduced innovative designs (such as the VW Golf) that the Marina and its like were never likely to compete with. The problems were compounded as the cars which were to replace the Marina and BL's other mid-size offerings were delayed again and again (eventually appearing as the Austin Maestro and Austin Montego only in 1983-4). By this point, the idea of separate Austin and Morris ranges had been abandoned: there was not enough money to develop a full range of rear-wheel-drive Morris cars and an equivalent front-wheel-drive (FWD) Austin range and FWD was becoming increasingly acceptable across the market. Morris Marina in Bristol, England. ... Morris Marina in Bristol, England. ... VW Golf Mk. ... The Austin Maestro is a mid-sized 5-door hatchback car that was produced by the Austin Rover subsidiary of British Leyland (BL), and its successors, from 1983 until 1994. ... There is also an American car called the Mercury Montego. ...

There were changes however, albeit small ones. A small facelift in 1975 gave the Marina new radiator grilles and dashboard. The overhead camshaft O-Series engine (that also was also used for Leyland Princess) appeared in 1.7 litre form in 1978 to replace the larger B-Series 1.8 models. A changed grille, including driving lights, and a front spoiler were added to all models. The BMC O-Series engine was a straight-4 automobile engine family and a development of the BMC B-Series engine family. ... The Leyland Princess is a medium-to-large car that was produced in the United Kingdom by British Leyland from 1975 until 1981. ... The BMC B-Series was a straight-4 automobile engine family created as a larger alternative to the companys A-Series. ...

Under severe financial strain, BL was bailed out by the government in the late 1970s, and Sir Michael Edwardes was brought in to oversee the company. Under his leadership, BL made an attempt to update the Marina, by enlisting the help of Giorgetto Giugiaro's ItalDesign. ItalDesign, however, did not design the car, which was an in-house product—it merely productionized it. The result of this exercise, the 1980 Morris Ital features large rear lamp clusters and a new front end, but the 1971 vintage of the design was obvious. The Ital was short-lived and was replaced by the Austin Montego in early 1984, thus bringing to an end use of the Morris name on passenger cars. The Marina's distinctive door handles were fitted to the Land Rover Discovery until 1998. Michael Edwardes (born 1930 in South Africa) is business executive and Rhodes University graduate who once served as Chair for the Austin Rover Group. ... Giorgetto Giugiaro Giorgetto Giugiaro (August 7, 1938) is an Italian car designer. ... Italdesign-Giugiaro S.p. ... The Morris Ital was launched in June 1980. ... There is also an American car called the Mercury Montego. ... The Discovery is a four wheel drive on- and off-road vehicle (SUV in American-English) from Land Rover (currently owned by Ford). ...

Popularity

Despite its heavy criticism from the media and motoring press, the Morris Marina was a very popular car in Britain and was among the country's best selling cars throughout its production life, peaking at second place – only surpassed by the Ford Cortina – in 1973.

Marina production lasted almost 10 years, and in that time no less than 807,000 were sold across Britain, though it was less popular on export markets.

A survey conducted by Auto Express magazine in August 2006 revealed that just 745 of the 807,000 Marinas sold in Britain are still on the road, making it officially the most-scrapped car ever to be sold in Britain. This was surprising even for a car which had ceased production 26 years earlier.

Engines

Austin Motor Companys small straight-4 automobile engine, the A-Series, is one of the most common in the world. ... The straight-4 or inline-4 is an internal combustion engine with four cylinders aligned in one row. ... The BMC B-Series was a straight-4 automobile engine family created as a larger alternative to the companys A-Series. ... The straight-4 or inline-4 is an internal combustion engine with four cylinders aligned in one row. ... The BMC B-Series was a straight-4 automobile engine family created as a larger alternative to the companys A-Series. ... The straight-4 or inline-4 is an internal combustion engine with four cylinders aligned in one row. ... The straight-4 or inline-4 is an internal combustion engine with four cylinders aligned in one row. ...

Timeline

1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1971 calendar). ... 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday. ... 1976 (MCMLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday. ... 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday. ... For the Smashing Pumpkins song, see 1979 (song). ... 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday. ... The Morris Ital was launched in June 1980. ...

North America

The Marina was available as an Austin here from 1973 through 1974 in 2 and 4-door form. It was thought that the name "Austin" had a better image here because Americans loved the old Austin Healey. The 1973 model still had the normal small bumpers, but the 1974 model had large bumpers to comply with the new US regulations. It was a very poor seller though, and they were not imported after 1974.

Denmark

In Denmark, the Morris Marina name was used for a badge-engineered version of the (Morris 1100) in the early- to mid-(1960s).

Australia

The Morris Marina, sold there as the Leyland Marina (in saloon and coupe forms only) instead used the OHC E-Series motors, in 1500 cc and 1750 cc forms, the 1750 in two different rates of tune. Additionally, as an ill-advised competitor to the Holden Torana and Ford Cortina 6 models, the Marina was also offered with a 121 hp (90 kW) 2600 cc engine. This indigenous Marina variant was capable of 0-60 mph in under nine seconds - in a straight line. Cornering was another matter. Production of the Marina in Australia was between 1972 and 1974, when Leyland Australia's Zetland factory (home of the Leyland P76) closed. The BMC E-Series was a straight-4 and straight-6 overhead camshaft automobile engine. ... The Holden Torana was a car produced by General Motors Holden (GMH), the Australian subsidiary of General Motors. ... The Ford Cortina was a medium family car sold by Ford of Britain. ... 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... British Leyland corporate logo old BLMC share The British Leyland Motor Corporation (BLMC), was a vehicle manufacturing company formed in the United Kingdom in 1968. ... Zetland can refer to: Zetland, Sydney - the suburb of Sydney Shetland Islands or to the title Marquess of Zetland This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... The Leyland P76 was a large car produced by Leyland Australia, the Australian subsidiary of British Leyland. ...

New Zealand

The Morris Marina was a popular car on the New Zealand market, assembled locally by the New Zealand Motor Corporation. Assembly of the British sourced saloon (in 1.3 and 1.8L forms) began in 1971, but soon became Australian sourced (E-Series engines) upon release of the Australian Marinas in that market. In 1975 production again became British sourced in saloon, estate, van and pickup forms. The New Zealand Motor Corporation was a licence-holder and assembler of automobiles in New Zealand, building CKD kits of British Leyland and, from the mid-1970s, Honda models. ...

In 1979 the Marina received a facelift and O-Series OHC 1.7L engine, but the 'Marina' name was perceived as negative by the New Zealand public and was dropped completely and the car was renamed the 'Morris 1700'. The Morris 1700's equipment levels were high, and even included front spoilers and driving lights for all models. Overhead cam (OHC) piston engines place the camshaft above the cylinder heads and drive the valves or lifters directly instead of using pushrods. ...

Production of this car ceased in 1981, and the car was replaced locally by an expanded range of NZMC Honda products.

Rallying

In 1974 Foden commissioned a Rover V8 engined Marina to compete in the London-Sahara-Munich rally. This stormed through several stages before suffering rear-axle failure in the desert. 1930 Foden Steam lorry 1959 Foden S20 dropside 1967 Foden S36 flatbed Foden Trucks is a truck manufacturer. ... Rover V8 in a Sunbeam Tiger The Rover V8 engine is a compact V8 internal combustion engine with aluminum cylinder heads and cylinder block, originally designed by General Motors and later re-designed and produced by Rover in the United Kingdom. ...

Trivia

The British Leyland Motor Corporation (often abbreviated to simply BL), was a Britain in 1968. ... The Triumph TR7 was a sports car manufactured from 1975 to 1981 by the Triumph Motor Company, then part of British Leyland (and subsequently, BL Ltd. ... The Triumph Stag was a car sold between 1970 and 1978 by the British Triumph Motor Company. ... The Lamborghini Diablo (which means Devil in Spanish, although it was named in hommage to a bull, not to the Devil) was a high-performance supercar built by Lamborghini of Italy between 1990 and 2001. ...

External links

See also

The Austin Allegro is a small family car that was manufactured by British Leyland under the Austin name from 1973 until 1983. ...

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