Coordinates: 55°55′46″N, 37°31′17″E Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (Russian: Московский Физико-Технический институт), abbreviated MIPT or informally Phystech (alternative transliterations: MFTI, Fiztekh; МФТИ, Физтех) is a leading Russian university, originally established in the Soviet Union. It prepares specialists in theoretical and applied physics, applied mathematics, and related disciplines. It is sometimes referred to as "the Russian MIT." Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... For other uses, see Motto (disambiguation). ... The date of establishment or date of founding of an institution is the date on which that institution chooses to claim as its starting point. ... Year 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The term public school has three distinct meanings: In the USA and Canada, elementary or secondary school supported and administered by state and local officials. ... Nikolay Kudryavtsev (Russian: , Nikolay Nikolaevich Kudryavtsev) is rector at Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology. ... In some educational systems, undergraduate education is post-secondary education up to the level of a Bachelors degree. ... Degree ceremony at Cambridge. ... Dolgoprudny (Russian: Долгопрудный), sometimes colloquially shortened as Dolgopa and also transliterated into English as Dolgoprudnyj or Dolgoprudnij, is a city north of Moscow, where the Savyolovo railway crosses the Moscow Canal. ... For other uses, see Moscow (disambiguation). ... Zhukovsky (Russian: ) is a city in Ramenskiy Raion, Moscow Oblast, Russia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Russia. ... A website (alternatively, web site or Web site) is a collection of Web pages, images, videos or other digital assets that is hosted on one or more web servers, usually accessible via the Internet. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ... Abbreviation (from Latin brevis short) is strictly a shortening, but more particularly, an abbreviation is a letter or group of letters, taken from a word or words, and employed to represent them for the sake of brevity. ... Mapúa Institute of Technology (MIT, MapúaTech or simply Mapúa) is a private, non-sectarian, Filipino tertiary institute located in Intramuros, Manila. ...

MIPT is famous in the countries of the former Soviet Union, but is less known abroad. This is largely due to the specifics of the MIPT educational process (see "Phystech System" below). University rankings such as The Times Higher Education Supplement are based primarily on publications and citations. With its emphasis on practical research in the educational process, MIPT "outsources" education and research beyond the first two or three years to institutions of the Russian Academy of Sciences. MIPT's own faculty is relatively small, and many of its distinguished lectors are visiting professors from those institutions. Student research is typically performed outside of MIPT, and research papers do not identify the authors as MIPT students. This effectively hides MIPT from the academic radar, an effect not unwelcome during the Cold War era when leading scientists and engineers of the Soviet arms and space programs studied there. The Times Higher Education Supplement, also known as The Times Higher or The THES for short, is a newspaper based in London that reports specifically on issues related to higher education. ... Russian Academy of Sciences: main building Russian Academy of Sciences (Росси́йская Акаде́мия Нау́к) is the national academy of Russia. ... For other uses, see Cold War (disambiguation). ...

The word "phystech," without the capital P, is also used in Russian to refer to Phystech students and graduates.

The main MIPT campus is located in Dolgoprudny, a northern suburb of Moscow. However one of the faculties (the Aeromechanics Faculty) is based in Zhukovsky, s suburb south-east of Moscow. Dolgoprudny (Russian: Долгопрудный), sometimes colloquially shortened as Dolgopa and also transliterated into English as Dolgoprudnyj or Dolgoprudnij, is a city north of Moscow, where the Savyolovo railway crosses the Moscow Canal. ... For other uses, see Moscow (disambiguation). ... Zhukovsky (Russian: ) is a city in Ramenskiy Raion, Moscow Oblast, Russia. ...

History

MIPT campus

In late 1945 and early 1946, a group of prominent Soviet scientists, including in particular the future Nobel Prize winner Pyotr Kapitsa, lobbied the government for the creation of a higher educational institution radically different from the type established in the Soviet system of higher education. Applicants, carefully selected by challenging examinations and personal interviews, would be taught by, and work together with, prominent scientists. Each student would follow a personalized curriculum created to match his or her particular areas of interest and specialization. This system would later become known as the Phystech System. Semenov (on the right) and Kapitsa (on the left), portrait by Boris Kustodiev, 1921 Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa (Russian Пётр Леонидович Капица) (July 9, 1894 – April 8, 1984) was a Soviet/Russian physicist who discovered superfluidity with some contribution from John F. Allen and Don Misener in 1937. ...

In a letter to Stalin in February 1946, Kapitsa argued for the need for such a school, which he tentatively called the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, to better maintain and develop the country's defense potential. The institute would follow the principles outlined above, and was supposed to be governed by a board of directors of the leading research institutes of the USSR Academy of Sciences. On March 10, 1946, the government issued a decree mandating the establishment of a "College of Physics and Technology" (Russian: Высшая физико-техническая школа).^[1] Josef Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili (Georgian: , Ioseb Besarionis Dze Jughashvili; Russian: , Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili) (December 18 [O.S. December 6] 1878[1] – March 5, 1953), better known by his adopted name, Joseph Stalin (alternatively transliterated Josef Stalin), was General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Unions Central Committee from... Russian Academy of Sciences (Росси́йская Акаде́мия Нау́к) is the national academy of Russia. ... is the 69th day of the year (70th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

For unknown reasons, the initial plan came to a halt in the summer of 1946. The exact circumstances are not documented, but the common assumption is that Kapitsa's refusal to participate in the atomic bomb project, and his disfavor with the government and communist party that followed, cast a shadow over an independent school based largely on his ideas. Instead, a new government decree was issued on November 25, 1946 establishing the new school as a Department of Physics and Technology within Moscow State University. November 25 is celebrated as the date of MIPT's founding.^[2] is the 329th day of the year (330th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University (Russian: Московский государственный университет имени М.В.Ломоносова, often abbreviated МГУ, MSU, MGU) is the largest and the oldest university in Russia, founded in 1755. ...

The four oldest residence halls are across the street from the academic buildings.

Kapitsa foresaw that within a traditional educational institution, the new school would encounter bureaucratic obstacles, but even though Kapitsa's original plan to create the new school as an independent organization did not come to fruition exactly as envisioned, its most important principles survived intact. The new Department enjoyed considerable autonomy within Moscow State University. Its facilities were in Dolgoprudny (the two buildings it occupied are still part of the present day campus), away from the MSU campus. It had its own independent admissions and education system, different from the one centrally mandated for all other universities. It was headed by the MSU "vice rector for special issues"--a position created specifically to shield the department from the University management.

As Kapitsa expected, the special status of the new school with its different "rules of engagement" caused much consternation and resistance within the university. The immediate cult status that Phystech gained among talented young people, drawn by the challenge and romanticism of working on the forefront of science and technology, and on projects of "government importance," many of them classified, made it an untouchable rival of every other school in the country, including MSU's own Department of Physics. At the same time, the increasing disfavor of Kapitsa with the government (in 1950 he was essentially under house arrest), and anti-semitic repressions of the late 40's made Phystech an easy target of intrigues and accusations of "elitism" and "rootless cosmopolitanism." In the summer of 1951, the Phystech department at MSU was shut down.^[3]

A group of academicians, backed by Air Force general Ivan Fedorovich Petrov, who was a Phystech supporter influential enough to secure Stalin's personal approval on the issue, succeeded in re-establishing Phystech as an independent institute. On September 17, 1951, a government decree re-established Phystech as the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology.^[4] is the 260th day of the year (261st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1951 (MCMLI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Apart from Kapitsa, other prominent scientists who taught at MIPT in the years that followed included Nobel prize winners Nikolay Semyonov, Lev Landau, Alexandr Prokhorov, Vitaly Ginzburg; and Academy of Sciences members Sergey Khristianovich, Mikhail Lavrentiev, Mstislav Keldysh, Sergey Korolyov, and Boris Rauschenbach. Semyonov (right) and Kapitsa, portrait by Boris Kustodiev, 1921. ... Lev Davidovich Landau Lev Davidovich Landau (Russian language: Ле́в Дави́дович Ланда́у) (January 22, 1908 – April 1, 1968) was a prominent Soviet physicist, who made fundamental contributions to many areas of theoretical physics. ... Alexander Prokhorov Aleksandr Mikhailovich Prokhorov (Russian: Александр Михайлович Прохоров) (July 11, 1916 – January 8, 2002) was a Soviet/Russian physicist born in Australia. ... Vitaly Lazarevich Ginzburg (Russian: ; born October 4, 1916 in Moscow) is a Russian (formerly Soviet) theoretical physicist and astrophysicist, a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and the successor to Igor Tamm as head of the Department of Theoretical Physics of Academys physics institute (FIAN). ... Sergey Alekseyevich Khristianovich (9 November 1908-28 April 2000) was a mechanics scientist from the Soviet Union. ... Mikhail Alekseevich Lavrentiev (11 November 1900 - 15 October 1980) was a mathematician from the Soviet Union. ... Sergei Korolev (left), Igor Kurchatov (center) Mstislav Keldysh (right) 1956 Mstislav Vsevolodovich Keldysh (Мстислав Всеволодович Келдыш in Russian) (January 28 (N.S. February 10), 1911, Riga - 1978, Moscow) was a Soviet scientist in the field of mathematics and mechanics, academician of the Soviet Academy of Sciences (1946), President of the Soviet Academy of... Sergey Pavlovich Korolyov (Ukrainian: ; Russian: ), often transliterated less phonetically as Sergei Korolev[1] (January 12 [O.S. December 30 1906] 1907, Zhytomyr, now Ukraine – January 14, 1966, Moscow), was the head Soviet rocket engineer and designer during the Space Race between the United States and the Soviet Union in the... Boris Viktovich Rauschenbach (Russian language: Борис Викторович Раушенбах) (1915-2001) was a prominent Soviet physicist, Russian rocket engineer and Academician. ...

The Phystech System

The following is a summary of the key principles of the Phystech System, as outlined by Kapitsa in his 1946 letter arguing for the founding of MIPT:

• Rigorous selection of gifted and creative young individuals.

• Involving leading scientists in student education, in close contact with them in their creative environment.

• An individualized approach to encourage the cultivation of students' creative drive, and to avoid overloading them with unnecessary subjects and rote learning common in other schools and necessitated by mass education.

• Conducting their education in an atmosphere of research and creative engineering, using the best existing laboratories in the country.

In its implementation, the Phystech System combines highly competitive admissions, extensive fundamental education in mathematics, as well as theoretical and experimental physics in the undergraduate years, and immersion in research work at leading research institutions of the Russian Academy of Sciences starting as early as the second or third year. Russian Academy of Sciences: main building Russian Academy of Sciences (Росси́йская Акаде́мия Нау́к) is the national academy of Russia. ...

Departments

The institute has ten departments, with an average of 80 students admitted annually into each.^[5]

• Radio Engineering and Cybernetics
• General and Applied Physics
• Aerophysics and Space Research
• Molecular and Biological Physics
• Physical and Quantum Electronics
• Aeromechanics and Flight Engineering
• Control and Applied Mathematics
• Problems of Physics and Power Engineering
• Innovation and High Technology
• NanoTechnology and Informatics

Admissions

Most students apply to MIPT immediately after graduating from high school at age 17. Child prodigies are occasionally admitted at a younger age after skipping grades in school. Because admission is competitive, some of those who are not admitted reapply in subsequent years.

Traditionally, applicants were required to take written and oral exams in both mathematics and physics, write an essay, and have an interview with the faculty. The interview has always been an important part of the selection process. Sometimes an applicant with lower exam grades could be admitted, and one with higher grades rejected, based solely on the interview results.

In recent years, oral exams have been eliminated, but the interview remains an important part of the selection process.

The strongest performers in national physics and mathematics competitions and IMO/IPhO participants are granted admission without exams, subject only to the interview. The International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO) is an annual contest for high school students. ... The International Physics Olympiad (IPhO) is an annual physics competition for high school students. ...

In accordance with the traditions of the Soviet education system, education at MIPT is free for most students. Further, students receive small scholarships (as of 2006, $40-$50 per month, depending on the student's performance), and effectively free housing on campus, which allows them to study full time. Soviet education was organized in a highly centralized government-run system. ... Note: The term scholarship can mean either the methods employed by scholars (see scholarly method) or an award of access to an institution and/or money for an individual for the purposes of furthering their education. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Education

It normally takes six years for a student to graduate from MIPT. The curriculum of the first three years consists exclusively of required courses, with emphasis on mathematics, physics, and English. There are no significant curriculum differences between the departments in the first three years. A typical course load during the first and second years can be over 40 hours a week, not including homework. Classes are taught five days a week, beginning at 9:00 am or 10:30 am, and continuing until 5:00 pm, 6:30 pm, or 8:00 pm. Most subjects include a combination of lectures and seminars (problem-solving study sessions in smaller groups) or laboratory experiments. Lecture attendance is optional, while seminar and lab attendance affects grades.

MIPT follows a semester system. Each semester includes 15 weeks of instruction, two weeks of finals, and then three weeks of oral and written exams on the most important subjects covered in the preceding semester. An academic term is the time during which a school, college or university holds classes. ...

Starting with the third year, the curriculum matches each student's area of specialization, and also includes more elective courses. Most importantly, starting with the third year, students begin work at base institutes (or "base organizations," usually simply called bases). The bases are the core of the Phystech system. Most of them are research institutes, usually belonging to the Russian Academy of Sciences. At the time of enrollment, each student is assigned to a base that matches his or her interests. Starting with the third year, a student begins to commute to their base regularly, becoming essentially a part-time employee. During the last two years, a student spends 4-5 days a week at their base institute, and only one day at MIPT. Russian Academy of Sciences: main building Russian Academy of Sciences (Росси́йская Акаде́мия Нау́к) is the national academy of Russia. ...

The base organization idea is somewhat similar to an internship in that students participate in "real work." However, the similarity ends there. All base organizations also have a curriculum for visiting students, and besides their work, the students are required to take those classes and pass exams. In other words, a base organization is an extension of MIPT, specializing in each particular student's area of interests.

While working at the base organization, a student prepares a thesis based on his or her research work and presents ("defends") it before the Qualification Committee consisting of both MIPT faculty and the base organization staff. Defending the thesis is a requirement for graduation. This article is about the thesis in academia. ...

Base Organizations

As of 2005, MIPT had 103 base organizations. The following list of institutes is currently far from being complete:

• Institute for Information Transmission Problems RAS
• Institute for Problems of Physics
• Institute for Problems in Mechanics RAS
• Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics
• Institute of Biochemical Physics RAS
• Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology RAS
• Shirshov Institute of Oceanology
• Institute of Molecular Genetics RAS
• Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics RAS
• Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of RAS
• Institute of Solid State Physics RAS
• Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
• Institute of Synthetic Polymer Materials RAS
• Institute for High Energy Physics
• Kurchatov Institute (formerly Kurchatov Institute of Atomic Energy)
• Lebedev Institute of Physics RAS (FIAN)
• Lebedev Institute of Precision Mechanics and Computer Engineering
• Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics
• N.N. Andreyev Acoustics Institute
• N.N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, RAS
• Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography RAS
• Space Research Institute RAS
• Steklov Institute of Mathematics
• Gromov Flight Research Institute
• Zhukovsky Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute
• Nuclear Safety Institute of RAS (IBRAE)
• and a number of OKBs (experimental design bureaux)

In addition, a number of Russian and Western companies act as base organizations of MIPT. These include: P.L. Kapitza Institute for Physical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences. ... The entrance to ITEP (?) ITEP (Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics; Russian Институт теоретической и экспериментальной физики) is located in Moscow, Russia. ... The Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, JINR (Объединённый институт ядерных исследований, ОИЯИ in Russian) in Dubna, Moscow Oblast (120 km north of Moscow), Russia is an international research centre for nuclear sciences, involving around 1000 scientists from eighteen states (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, Cuba, Czech Republic, Georgia, Kazakhstan, DPR Korea, Moldova, Mongolia, Poland,Romania, Russia... Institute for High Energy Physics (IHEP) was opened in 1965 in Protvino near Moscow, Russia. ... The Kurchatov Institute is Russias leading research and development institution in the field of nuclear energy. ... The Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences is a Russian research institute specializing in physics. ... Lebedev Institute of Precision Mechanics and Computer Engineering (IPMCE) of the Russian Academy of Sciences. ... L.D. Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences is a research institution devoted primarily to the theoretical studies of Condensed matter theory Quantum field theory Nuclear and elementary particle physics Computational physics Nonlinear dynamics Mathematical physics It was formed in 1965 from a reserch group... Steklov Institute of Mathematics or Steklov Mathematical Institute (Russian: Математический институт имени Ð’.А.Стеклова) is a research institute specialized in Mathematics. ... M. M. Gromov Flight Research Institute or LII for short (Russian: , Russian: ) is an important Russian aircraft test base, scientific research center located in Zhukovsky. ... TsAGI TsAGI TsAGI is a transliteration of the Russian abbreviation for Центра́льный аэрогидродинами́ческий институ́т (ЦАГИ) or Tsentralniy Aerogidrodinamicheskiy Institut, the Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute. ... An OKB (Russian: Опытное конструкторское бюро - Opytnoe Konstructorskoe Byuro - Experimental Design Bureau) was, during the Soviet era, an engineering design team. ...

• Intel
• IPG Photonics
• ABBYY
• Physicon
• MetaSythesis
• Concept
• SWsoft
• Kraftway
• PARAGON Software

• and others.

Intel Corporation (NASDAQ: INTC, SEHK: 4335), founded in 1968 as Integrated Electronics Corporation, is an American multinational corporation that is best known for designing and manufacturing microprocessors and specialized integrated circuits. ... SWsoft is a leading server automation and virtualisation software development company with over 10,000 worldwide. ...

Degrees and Reputation

Before 1998, students could graduate only after completing the full six-year curriculum and defending their thesis. Upon successful graduation, they were awarded a specialist degree in Applied Mathematics and Physics and, beginning in the early 90s, a Master's degree in Physics. The Specialist degree in the English-speaking world The Specialist degree is found in some programs of education or psychology and is awarded for study beyond the Masters degree but below the doctorate. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

Since 1998, students have been awarded a Bachelor's degree diploma after four years of study and the defense of a Bachelor's "qualification work" (effectively a smaller and less involved version of the Master's thesis). An estimated 90% of students continue their education after receiving this diploma to complete the full six-year curriculum and receive the Master's degree. A bachelors degree is usually an undergraduate academic degree awarded for a course or major that generally lasts for three, four, or in some cases and countries, five or six years. ... This article is about the thesis in academia. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

The complete course of education at MIPT takes six years to complete, just like an American Bachelor's degree followed by a M.S. degree. However, MIPT graduates usually view their training as effectively higher than an American M.S. in Physics. The MIPT curriculum is, indeed, considerably more extensive compared to an average American college.^[6] In addition, American M.S. programs usually focus more on classroom education and less on research. There is an opinion that an MIPT specialist/Master's diploma may be roughly equivalent to an American Ph.D. in physics^[7]—possibly an undue generalization which, however, may be true in some cases^{[citation needed]}. A bachelors degree is usually an undergraduate academic degree awarded for a course or major that generally lasts for three, four, or in some cases and countries, five or six years. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Doctor of Philosophy (Ph. ...

Despite the high quality of education, MIPT is not seen on worldwide top university ranking lists (e.g. Shanghai Jiao Tong University ranking or The Times Higher Education Supplement). The reason for this is the mismatch between methodologies of those studies, which are geared towards "traditional" universities, and undervalues MIPT's highly unusual system of education. The Times Higher Education Supplement, also known as The Times Higher or The THES for short, is a newspaper based in London that reports specifically on issues related to higher education. ...

Traditional university rankings are based on the universities' research output and prizes won by faculty.^[8] In contrast, many distinguished professors teaching at MIPT are officially on staff at the base institutes (see above) rather than MIPT itself. Student research work is also typically carried out outside of MIPT, and published research results do not mention MIPT. In effect, many MIPT professors are not considered as such for the rankings, and student research is not earning any ranking points for MIPT.

Demographics

About 15% of all students are residents of Moscow; the rest come from all over the former Soviet Union. Most out-of-town students live in the dormitory on campus for at least the first 4 years. Many senior students move to another dormitory in Moscow, while some either move to base institute dormitories or rent apartments. For other uses, see Moscow (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Moscow (disambiguation). ...

The student population is almost exclusively male, with the female/male ratio in a department rarely exceeding 15% (seeing 2-3 women in a class of 80 is not uncommon).

There are no reliable statistics on the careers of MIPT graduates. Prior to the collapse of Soviet Union, most MIPT graduates continued research at their base institutes or found jobs in OKBs. Nowadays, many graduates become business people or software engineers. Some, especially high-performing students of prestigious departments (e.g. DGAP, DCAM), go on to get post-graduate degrees from foreign universities, often in order to pursue academic careers in First World countries. In the past, some students were known to have been admitted into Ph.D. programs of American universities as early as after their 3rd year of education. Many MIPT alumni hold faculty positions in the world's top Universities, including Harvard, MIT, Stanford, Brown, University of Toronto, University of Connecticut, and University of Chicago. An OKB (Russian: Опытное конструкторское бюро - Opytnoe Konstructorskoe Byuro - Experimental Design Bureau) was, during the Soviet era, an engineering design team. ... The terms First World, Second World, and Third World were used to divide the nations of Earth into three broad categories. ... Harvard University is a private university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, and a member of the Ivy League. ... Mapúa Institute of Technology (MIT, MapúaTech or simply Mapúa) is a private, non-sectarian, Filipino tertiary institute located in Intramuros, Manila. ... Stanford may refer: Stanford University Places: Stanford, Kentucky Stanford, California, home of Stanford University Stanford Shopping Center Stanford, New York, town in Dutchess County. ... Brown University is a private university located in Providence, Rhode Island. ... The University of Toronto (U of T) is a public research university in the city of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. ... The University of Connecticut is the State of Connecticuts land-grant university. ... For other uses, see University of Chicago (disambiguation). ...

Famous faculty and alumni

Alexander Abramov - founder of Evraz Group, #137 on the Forbes list
Boris Babaian - a pioneer of Russian supercomputers, an Intel Fellow (2004) and software architect
Yuri Baturin - former Russian head of national security, cosmonaut (1998 and 2001 missions)
Oleg Belotserkovsky - rector of MIPT (1962-1987), prominent mathematician and mechanician
Andrey Bolibrukh - a mathematician who solved Hilbert's twenty-first problem in 1989^[9]
Alexander V Frolov - CEO of Evraz Group, #390 on the Forbes list
Vitaly Ginzburg - prominent physicist, Nobel Prize (2003), co-developer of the Soviet H-bomb
Yurij Ionov - discovered genome instability as a mechanism in colonic carcinogenesis^[10]
Alexandr Kaleri - cosmonaut, spent 609 days on the Mir and ISS space stations
Pyotr Kapitsa - discovered superfluidity,^[11] Nobel Prize (1978)
Leonid Khachiyan - famous for his Ellipsoid method for linear programming, Fulkerson Prize (1982)
Mikhail Kirpichnikov - Russian Science & Technology Minister (1998-2000), dean of Biology at MSU (2006-)
Nikolay Kudryavtsev - rector of MIPT (1997-), director of Schlumberger (2007-)
Lev Landau - prominent Russian physicist, Nobel Prize (1962)
Sergei Lebedev - invented MESM (1950) and BESM (1953) mainframe computers
Alexander Migdal - defined 2D quantum gravity,^[12] 2D/3D visualization software and internet entrepreneur
Sergey Nikolsky - prominent Russian mathematician
Alexander Polyakov - quantum field theory classics,^{[13][14][15][16][17]} Dirac'86 and Lorentz'94 Medals
Alexandr Prokhorov - a co-inventor of the laser, Nobel Prize (1964)
Boris Rauschenbach - rocket scientist in control engineering, responsible for the first photographs of the far side of the Moon (1959)
Boris Saltykov - Russian Minister of Science and Technology (1991-1996)
Aleksandr Serebrov - cosmonaut, 373 days in outer space (four flights)
Nikolay Semyonov - best known for his work on chain reactions, Nobel Prize (1956) in chemistry
Natan Sharansky - Israeli Cabinet Minister (1996-2005), US Congressional Gold Medal (1986)
Mikhail Shifman - non-perturbative QCD classics,^[18][19] Sakurai Prize (1999), Lilienfeld Prize (2006)
Volodymyr Shkidchenko - Defense Minister of Ukraine (2003-2004), four-star general of the Army
Rashid Sunyaev - an author of the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect and a model of black holes^[20]
Victor Veselago - put forward a theory^[21] for metamaterials of the 21st century in 1967
Alex Zamolodchikov - quantum field theory classics^[14][16][22] Alexander Abramov (born 1959) is a former scientist who became an industrial magnate as head of EvrazHolding, Russias largest steel producer. ... Evraz Group (Russian: ) is one of the worlds leading vertically integrated steel production and mining businesses, with operations mainly in Russia. ... This is the 2nd part of the list of billionaires of 2007 compiled by Forbes, main article in List of billionaires (2007). ... Boris Artashesovich Babaian (Russian: ; b. ... Elbrus (ЭЛЬБРУС) is the name (after the mountain) of a series of Soviet supercomputer systems developed in Russia by Elbrus MCST and/or ITMiVT since the 1970s; its current models are compatible with U.S.-developed SPARC designs. ... Intel Corporation (NASDAQ: INTC, SEHK: 4335), founded in 1968 as Integrated Electronics Corporation, is an American multinational corporation that is best known for designing and manufacturing microprocessors and specialized integrated circuits. ... Yuri Mikhailovich Baturin (Russian: Юрий Михайлович Батуринж; born 12 June 1949, Moscow, Russia) is the former Russian head of National Security. ... The twenty-first problem of the 23 Hilbert problems, from the celebrated list put forth in 1900 by David Hilbert, was phrased like this (English translation from 1902). ... Alexander V Frolov (Russian: , Alexander Vladimirovich Frolov) is a russian scientist who became CEO and Chairman of the Board of Evraz Group, one of the largest steel producers. ... Evraz Group (Russian: ) is one of the worlds leading vertically integrated steel production and mining businesses, with operations mainly in Russia. ... This is the 2nd part of the list of billionaires of 2007 compiled by Forbes, main article in List of billionaires (2007). ... Vitaly Lazarevich Ginzburg (Russian: ; born October 4, 1916 in Moscow) is a Russian (formerly Soviet) theoretical physicist and astrophysicist, a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and the successor to Igor Tamm as head of the Department of Theoretical Physics of Academys physics institute (FIAN). ... The Nobel Prize (Swedish: ) was established in Alfred Nobels will in 1895, and it was first awarded in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace in 1901. ... The basics of the Teller–Ulam configuration: a fission bomb uses radiation to compress and heat a separate section of fusion fuel. ... In biology the genome of an organism is the whole hereditary information of an organism that is encoded in the DNA (or, for some viruses, RNA). ... Colorectal cancer, also called colon cancer or bowel cancer, includes cancerous growths in the colon, rectum and appendix. ... External link NASA Biography Categories: Stub | 1956 births | Russian astronauts | Crew members of ISS Expeditions ... For other uses, see Mir (disambiguation). ... ISS is an abbreviation, acronym, or initialism that may refer to: The International Space Station is a joint international project to build and maintain an orbiting space station. ... Semenov (on the right) and Kapitsa (on the left), portrait by Boris Kustodiev, 1921 Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa (Russian Пётр Леонидович Капица) (July 9, 1894 – April 8, 1984) was a Russian physicist who discovered superfluidity with contribution from John F. Allen and Don Misener in 1937. ... Superfluidity is a phase of matter characterised by the complete absence of viscosity. ... The Nobel Prize (Swedish: ) was established in Alfred Nobels will in 1895, and it was first awarded in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace in 1901. ... Leonid Khachiyan Leonid Khachiyan (May 3, 1952 - April 29, 2005) was a Russian-born mathematician who taught Computer Science at Rutgers University. ... The ellipsoid method is an algorithm for solving linear programs. ... In mathematics, linear programming (LP) problems involve the optimization of a linear objective function, subject to linear equality and inequality constraints. ... The Fulkerson Prize for outstanding papers in the area of discrete mathematics is sponsored jointly by the Mathematical Programming Society (MPS) and the American Mathematical Society (AMS). ... Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University (Russian: Московский государственный университет имени Ðœ.Ð’.Ломоносова, often abbreviated МГУ, MSU, MGU) is the largest and the oldest university in Russia, founded in 1755. ... Nikolay Kudryavtsev (Russian: , Nikolay Nikolaevich Kudryavtsev) is rector at Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology. ... For other uses, see Schlumberger (disambiguation). ... Lev Davidovich Landau Lev Davidovich Landau (Russian language: Ле́в Дави́дович Ланда́у) (January 22, 1908 – April 1, 1968) was a prominent Soviet physicist, who made fundamental contributions to many areas of theoretical physics. ... The Nobel Prize (Swedish: ) was established in Alfred Nobels will in 1895, and it was first awarded in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace in 1901. ... Sergei Alekseyevich Lebedev (November 2, 1902, n. ... The history of computing hardware in former communist countries is somewhat different from that of Western countries. ... BESM BESM (БЭСМ) is the name of a series of Russian mainframe computers. ... Quantum gravity is the field of theoretical physics attempting to unify quantum mechanics, which describes three of the fundamental forces of nature, with general relativity, the theory of the fourth fundamental force: gravity. ... Sergey Mikhailovich Nikolsky (Russian: ) (born April 30, 1905) is a famous Russian mathematician. ... Alexander M. Polyakov is a physicist, formerly at the Landau Institute in Moscow, currently at Princeton University. ... Quantum field theory (QFT) is the quantum theory of fields. ... The Dirac Medal is a rather prestigious award for physics, named after Thomas Bradley didnt you know Paul Dirac. ... Lorentz Medal is an award given every four years by the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. ... Alexander Prokhorov Aleksandr Mikhailovich Prokhorov (Russian: Александр Михайлович Прохоров) (July 11, 1916 – January 8, 2002) was a Soviet/Russian physicist born in Australia. ... For other uses, see Laser (disambiguation). ... The Nobel Prize (Swedish: ) was established in Alfred Nobels will in 1895, and it was first awarded in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace in 1901. ... Boris Viktovich Rauschenbach (Russian language: Борис Викторович Раушенбах) (1915-2001) was a prominent Soviet physicist, Russian rocket engineer and Academician. ... Look up rocket science in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Control engineering is the engineering discipline that focuses on the mathematical modelling systems of a diverse nature, analysing their dynamic behaviour, and using control theory to make a controller that will cause the systems to behave in a desired manner. ... Far side of the Moon. ... Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Serebrov (Александр Александрович Серебров) is a former Russian cosmonaut. ... Semyonov (right) and Kapitsa, portrait by Boris Kustodiev, 1921. ... A chain reaction is a sequence of reactions where a reactive product or by-product causes additional reactions. ... The Nobel Prize (Swedish: ) was established in Alfred Nobels will in 1895, and it was first awarded in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace in 1901. ... Natan Sharansky (Hebrew: נתן שרנסקי, Russian: Натан Борисович Щаранский; born January 20, 1948) is a notable former Soviet anticommunist, Zionist, Israeli politician and writer. ... This article is about the governmental body. ... Motto: (traditional) In God We Trust (official, 1956–present) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington, D.C. Largest city New York City Official language(s) None at the federal level; English de facto Government Federal Republic  - President George W. Bush (R)  - Vice President Dick Cheney (R) Independence - Declared - Recognized... Congressional Gold Medal presented to Navajo Code talkers in 2000 The Congressional Gold Medal should not be confused with the Medal of Honor (commonly called the Congressional Medal of Honor), which is also awarded by Congress, but only to military members as the highest military decoration of the United States. ... This is a list of recipients of the Congressional Gold Medal, the highest civilian honor bestowed by the United States legislature. ... Quantum chromodynamics (abbreviated as QCD) is the theory of the strong interaction (color force), a fundamental force describing the interactions of the quarks and gluons found in hadrons (such as the proton, neutron or pion). ... The J. J. Sakurai Prize is a prize in theoretical particle physics whose purpose is to recognize oustanding work. ... Rashid Alievich Sunyaev (Рашид Алиевич Сюняев) was born in Tashkent, Uzbek SSR, on March 1, 1943 and educated at the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology and Moscow University. ... The Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect (SZ effect or Sunyaev-Zeldovich theory) is due to high energy electrons distorting the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB) through the inverse Compton effect, in which some of the high energy of the electrons is transferred to the low energy photons. ... For other uses, see Black hole (disambiguation). ... Professor Veselago Victor G. Veselago (born 1929, in Ukrainian SSR, USSR) - Russian physicist who, in 1967, theoretically envisioned negative permittivity negative permeability materials. ... A Metamaterial is a composite material that has electromagnetic properties unlike the materials of origin. ...

References

A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ...

External links

• Official website (English)
• Official website (Russian)