On Wednesday, October 23 is the 296th day of the year (297th in A leap year (or intercalary year) is a year containing an extra day or month in order to keep the calendar year in sync with an astronomical or seasonal year. Seasons and astronomical events do not repeat at an... October 23, 2002 is a This is the calendar for a common year starting on Tuesday (dominical letter F), e.g. 2002, 1991, 1985, 1974, 1963... (A common year is a year with 365 days -- in other words, not a leap year.) January Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa   1... 2002, 40 The Chechen Republic (Russian: Чеченская Республика; Chechen (Нохчийн) Spoken in: Russia Region: autonomous republic of Chechnya Total speakers: 944,600 Ranking: Not in top 100 Genetic classification... Chechen The neutrality of this article is disputed. Please see the relevant discussion on the talk page. Terrorism General Definition Conventions Counterterrorism Criticisms Lists Groups Incidents Types Nationalist Religious Left-wing Right-wing State Islamist Ethnic Narcoterrorism Domestic Anarchist Political Eco-terrorism Christian Tactics Hijacking Assassination Car bombing Suicide bombing Kidnapping... terrorists seized a crowded For other uses, see Moscow can refer to the following locations: Moscow - the capital of Russia Moscow, Idaho - a city in Idaho, in the United States Moscow, Kansas - a city in Kansas, in the United States Moscow, Maine - a city in Maine, in the United States Moscow, Ohio - a city... Moscow theatre, taking over 700 hostages and demanding the withdrawal of The Russian Federation ( Russian (русский язык) Spoken in: Russia and many other countries Region: Eastern Europe and Asia Total speakers: 280 million Ranking: 4-7 Genetic classification: Indo-European  Slavic   East Slavic    Russian Official status... Russian forces from Chechnya. After a siege of two and a half days, the Russian government raided the building with the assistance of Knockout gas is a fictional substance used in certain types of stories. It is persented in various forms but generally provides a harmless way of rendering characters unconscious. Knockout gas is usually found in science fiction stories and is also a staple of pulp fiction. Some characters known for their... knockout gas. All of the terrorists were killed, along with about 120 of the hostages.

Hostage-taking

The attack took place at the House of Culture of the State Ball-Bearing Plant Number 1, a For other uses, see Moscow can refer to the following locations: Moscow - the capital of Russia Moscow, Idaho - a city in Idaho, in the United States Moscow, Kansas - a city in Kansas, in the United States Moscow, Maine - a city in Maine, in the United States Moscow, Ohio - a city... Moscow theater (named for its former owner) in the Dubrovka area. During Act II of a sold out performance of Nord-Ost (Russian: Норд-Ост, means North-East in German) is a Russian musical theater production based on the novel Two Captains by Veniamin Aleksandrovich Kaverin. It is a fictional story based around the historical events surrounding the discovery of the Severnaya Zemlya archipelago in... Nord-Ost, approximately 40 heavily armed terrorists, led by Movsar Barayev was a notable Chechen fighter, who fought for freedom of Chechnya. He was the leader of the first major Chechen military operation in Moscow. Few years before that he was mistakenly declared dead after torture. However as it turned out he was alive, and he managed to get... Movsar Barayev, nephew of a slain Chechen military leader, entered the theater and took everyone there hostage (audience and performers). They threatened to kill them unless Russian forces immediately and unconditionally withdrew from Chechnya.

Some performers who heard the takeover while resting backstage escaped through an open window and called the police. The escapees reported that approximately half of the terrorists were women, which is highly unusual. Cell phone conversations with hostages trapped in the building revealed that the terrorists had grenades and other explosives strapped to their bodies, and had deployed more explosives throughout the theater, indicating that they would blow up the entire building if government security personnel attempted to attack.

A videotaped statement was acquired by the media, in which the terrorists indicated their willingness to die for their cause. In the first days, the terrorists released The neutrality and factual accuracy of this article are disputed. Please see the relevant discussion on the talk page. This article forms part of the seriesIslam Vocabulary of Islam Five Pillars Profession of faith Prayer · Alms · Fasting Pilgrimage to Mecca Jihad (See Sixth pillar of Islam) People Muhammad Prophets of... Muslim members of the audience, some of the children in the audience, and a man with a Heart conditions can be either acute or chronic, and either congenital or acquired. See: Heart failure Heart attack Angina pectoris Myocardial infarction Cardiac arrhythmia Cardiomyopathy This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. If an article link referred... heart condition, but refused requests to release non-Russian nationals. Several hostages managed to escape through rear or side windows; others were shot at by the terrorists as they attempted to escape. One civilian woman from the outside was shot and killed by the terrorists when she tried to enter the theater.

Raid

Early Saturday morning, October 26 is the 299th day of the year (300th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 66 days remaining. October Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa   1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20... October 26, forces from Russia's elite Spetsnaz soldier training Spetsnaz (Войска специального назначения - спецназ/Voiska spetsialnogo naznacheniya - spetsnaz, /Specnaz/ in SAMPA) is a general term... Spetsnaz For other uses, see Commando (disambiguation). The French Navy commando Jaubert storm the Alcyon in a mock assault. In military science, the term commando can refer to an individual, a military unit, or a style of military operation. In certain contexts, the term is synonymous with light infantry or special... commando unit of the The Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation (Федера́льная слу́жба безопа́сности Росси́йско... Federal Security Service (FSB) pumped an http://visibleearth.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/viewrecord?10980 Aerosol pollution over Northern India and Bangladesh - NASA Aerosol is a collection of particles suspended in a gas. It consists of both the particles and the gas in which the particles are suspended. The particle size ranges from 0.002 µm to... aerosol Anesthesia (AE), also anaesthesia (BE), is the process of blocking the perception of pain and other sensations. This allows patients to undergo surgery and other procedures without the distress and pain they would otherwise experience. There are several forms of anesthesia: general anesthesia — with reversible loss of consciousness local... anaesthetic into the theater through a hole in the wall before storming the building from the roof and from all entrances. They decided on this tactic because of the large number of terrorists and the explosives they had scattered all over the building, and the likelihood that they would start killing hostages as soon as they realised they were under attack.

During the raid, many of the terrorists were shot in the head at point-blank range after already losing consciousness from the gas. One Russian commando told the media, "I understand that this is cruel, but when there are two kilograms of plastic explosives hanging on a person, we see no other way of rendering them safe."

At least 40 terrorists and 120 hostages (official figures – 33 and 128 respectively) died in the raid or in the following days. The Terrorism General This article is one in a small series of drafts, within a coordinated effort to consolidate and refactor between existing articles. Involved articles include Terrorism/Draft Terrorism General Definition Conventions Counterterrorism Criticisms Lists Groups Incidents Types Nationalist Religious Left-wing Right-wing State Islamist Ethnic Narcoterrorism Domestic Anarchist... terrorists were shot in the head. Two hostages were shot by terrorists, while the others died through a combination of the Fentanyl is an opioid analgesic, first synthesized in Belgium in the late 1950s, with an analgesic potency of about 80 times that of morphine. It was introduced into medical practice in the 1960s as an intravenous anesthetic under the trade name of Sublimaze. Fentanyl has an LD50 of 3.1... fentanyl-based aerosol, lack of food and water, and the lack of adequate medical treatment following the raid.

Aftermath

Efforts to treat victims were complicated because the Russian government refused to tell doctors what type of gas had been used. The head doctor of the Moscow public health department announced that all but one of the hostages that were killed in the raid had died of the effects of the unknown gas, rather than from gunshot wounds. At the time, the gas was surmised to be some sort of surgical Anesthesia (AE), also anaesthesia (BE), is the process of blocking the perception of pain and other sensations. This allows patients to undergo surgery and other procedures without the distress and pain they would otherwise experience. There are several forms of anesthesia: general anesthesia — with reversible loss of consciousness local... anaesthetic or Early detection of chemical agents Sociopolitical climate of chemical warfare ARMIS BELLA NON VENENIS GERI War is fought with weapons, not with poisons While the study of chemicals and their military uses was widespread in China, the use of toxic materials has historically been viewed with mixed emotions and some... chemical weapon. Foreign embassies in Moscow, including the United States Embassy, issued official requests for more information on the gas to aid in treatment, but were publicly ignored.

Russian President Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin This is a file from the Wikimedia Commons. Please see its description page there. To play the audio file do not click on the -image. Look for a Listen-link near this icon. Click on the back button of your browser to go back to the article... Vladimir Putin defended the raid in a televised address later that morning, stating that the government had "achieved the near impossible, saving hundreds, hundreds of people," asked forgiveness for not being able to save more of the hostages, and declared Monday a national day of mourning for those who died.

Armed guards were posted at the hospitals the victims were taken to, and doctors were ordered not to release any of the theater patients, in case terrorists had somehow hidden themselves among the hostages. Family members of hostages panicked as the government refused to release any information about which hospitals their loved ones had been taken to, or even whether their relatives were among the dead.

While still refusing to identify the gas, on October 28 is the 301st day of the year (302nd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 64 days remaining. October Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa   1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20... October 28 the Russian government informed the US Embassy of some of the gas' effects. Based on this information and examinations of victims, doctors concluded the gas was a See Morphine (band) for the rock band. Morphine 7,8-didehydro-4,5-epoxy- 17-methylmorphinan-3,6-diol CAS number 57-27-2 (anhydrous) ATC code N02AA01 Chemical formula C17H19NO3 Molecular weight 285.4 Bioavailability ~30%? Metabolism renal 90%, biliary 10% Elimination half-life 2-3 hours Excretion renal... morphine derivative.

On Wednesday, October 30 is the 303rd day of the year (304th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 62 days remaining. October Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa   1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20... October 30, Russia responded to increasing domestic and international pressure with a statement on the unknown gas by Health Minister Yuri Shevchenko. He identified it as an http://visibleearth.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/viewrecord?10980 Aerosol pollution over Northern India and Bangladesh - NASA Aerosol is a collection of particles suspended in a gas. It consists of both the particles and the gas in which the particles are suspended. The particle size ranges from 0.002 µm to... aerosol of a Fentanyl is an opioid analgesic, first synthesized in Belgium in the late 1950s, with an analgesic potency of about 80 times that of morphine. It was introduced into medical practice in the 1960s as an intravenous anesthetic under the trade name of Sublimaze. Fentanyl has an LD50 of 3.1... Fentanyl derivative, a powerful An opioid is any agent that binds to opioid receptors found principally in the central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract. There are four broad classes of opioids: endogenous opioid peptides, produced in the body; opium alkaloids, such as morphine (the prototypical opioid) and codeine; semi-synthetic opioids such as heroin... opioid.

A German Toxicology (from the Greek words toxicon and logos) is the study of the adverse effects of chemicals on living organisms. It is the study of symptoms, mechanisms, treatments and detection of biological poisoning, especially the poisoning of people. The chief criterion regarding the toxicity of a chemical is the dose... toxicology professor who examined several German hostages said that their blood and urine contained Structural formula of halothane Halothane vapour is an inhalational general anaesthetic. Its systematic name is 2-Bromo-2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane. Once widely used as general anaesthetic, it has largely been replaced by sevoflurane and isoflurane for human use. Halothane is still widely used in veterinary surgery and... halothane, a surgical anesthetic not commonly used in the West, and that it was likely the gas had additional components. However, it should be noted that halothane has a strong odor (although often defined as "pleasant" by comparison with other The volatile anaesthetics are a class of general anaesthetic drugs. They all share the property of being liquid at room temperature but vaporising easily. Anaesthetists adminster these agents using an anaesthetic vaporiser attached to an anaesthetic machine. They include: sevoflurane - sweet smelling and quite rapid onset and offset desflurane - pungent... anesthetic gases). Furthermore by the time the whole theater area would be filled with halothane to a This page refers to concentration in the chemical sense. For the psychological concept of concentration, see attention. For the game show of the same name, see concentration (game show). Concentration is a very common concept used in chemistry and related fields. It is the measure of how much of a... concentration compatible with loss of consciousness (0.5% - 3%), it is likely that terrorists inside would have realized they were being attacked. Additionally, recovery of consciousness is rapid after the flow of gas is interrupted, unlike with high-dose fentanyl administration. Therefore, although halothane might have been a component in the aerosol, it was probably not a major component.

Long-term effects

While the siege was underway, the Russian government closed one television station, censored the coverage of another television station and a radio station, and publicly rebuked a newspaper for its coverage. On November 1 is the 305th day of the year (306th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 60 days remaining. November Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa   1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20... November 1, the lower house of the For the Sandman character, see Duma (Sandman). The Duma (Ду́ма in Russian) is the term for various representative assemblies in modern Russia and Russian history. The State Duma in the Russian Empire and Russian Federation corresponds to the lower house of the parliament. It is also... Duma approved broad new restrictions on press coverage of terrorism related incidents, widely expected to meet with swift approval by the upper house and then Putin. The Duma refused to consider a proposal by the liberal Politics of Russia Politics of Russia Political parties in Russia Elections in Russia: President: 2000 - 2004 Parliament: 2003 The Union of Right Forces, or SPS (Сою́з Пра́вых Сил, СПС/Soyuz Pravykh Sil), is a Russian political... Union of Right Forces party to form an investigative commission charged with probing the government's actions in the theater siege. These new policies prompted renewed fears in Russia that Putin is systematically taking control of all Russian media.

Rebel military commander Shamil Salmanovich Basayev (born January 14, 1965) is a Chechen separatist leading an armed group acting in the north Caucasus region of Russia, principally in Chechnya. Contents // 1 Early life 2 Basayev at war 3 Basayev and the First Chechen War 4 Basayev in the Second Chechen War 5 External... Shamil Basayev posted a statement on his website claiming responsibility for the incident, resigning all official positions within the Chechen government, and apologizing to Chechen President Aslan Mashadov Aslan Alivitch Maskhadov (born September 21, 1951) is a Chechen general and chief of staff during the 1994–1996 war against Russia. Maskhadov is a silent, organized military leader whom many credit with the Chechen victory in the mid_1990s. In January 1997, Maskhadov was elected President of... Aslan Maskhadov for not informing him of the planned raid. The Russian government claims that wiretapped phone conversations prove that Maskhadov knew of the plans in advance, which he denies.

The attacks prompted Putin to tighten Russia's grip on Chechnya. The Russian government's media agency reported that 30 rebel fighters were killed in a battle outside Grozny ( Russian (русский язык) Spoken in: Russia and many other countries Region: Eastern Europe and Asia Total speakers: 280 million Ranking: 4-7 Genetic classification: Indo-European  Slavic   East Slavic    Russian Official status Official language... Grozny on October 28 is the 301st day of the year (302nd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 64 days remaining. October Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa   1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20... October 28, and Putin announced that unspecified "measures adequate to the threat" would henceforth be taken in response to terrorist activity. The Chechens have responded in kind to the increased frequency of Russian raids following the siege. President Maskhadov's unconditional offer for talks with Russia was dismissed, as the Russians believe he exerts little influence in Chechnya.

Russia also accused Vanessa Redgrave and Akhmed Zakayev Akhmed Zakayev (Ахмед Закаев) is a Chechen envoy, former separatist guerrilla leader and the Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister of Aslan Maskhadov, appointed by President Maskhadov shortly after the 1997 election. He was involved in... Akhmed Zakayev, a Chechen envoy and associate of Aslan Maskhadov of involvement. When he visited For other uses, see Denmark (disambiguation). The Kingdom of Denmark is the geographically smallest Nordic country. It is located in Scandinavia, which is in northern Europe. Denmark borders the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, and consists of a peninsula attached to Northern Germany named Jutland (Jylland in Danish) and... Denmark for a congress in October 2002, the Russians demanded his arrest and extradition. In Denmark he was held for over a month, but released when the Danish authorities were not convinced that sufficient evidence had been provided. On December 7 is the 341st day (342nd on leap years) of the year in the The Gregorian calendar is the calendar currently used in the Western world. A modification of the Julian calendar, it was first proposed by the Neapolitan doctor Aloysius Lilius, and was decreed by Pope Gregory XIII... December 7, Zakajev claimed asylum in For other uses, see London (disambiguation). London — containing the City of London — is the capital of the United Kingdom and of England and a major world city. With over seven million inhabitants (Londoners) in Greater London area, it is amongst the most densely populated areas in Western Europe... London. The British authorities arrested him but he was released on bail, paid by Redgrave in Michelangelo Antonionis Blowup (1966) Vanessa Redgrave (born January 30, 1937) is an English actress, a member of the Redgrave acting dynasty. Her parents were Sir Michael Redgrave and Rachel Kempson. Her sister, Lynn Redgrave, and brother, Corin Redgrave, are also well-known actors, as are her daughters... Vanessa Redgrave among others. His extradition proceedings then collapsed and he was given political asylum in Britain.

A similar hostage-taking by Chechen nationalists occurred in Map of North Ossetia Beslan (Russian: Бесла́н) is a town located in the Russia and is the administrative center of the Pravoberezhny District. The population in 2002 was about 33,600, making Beslan the third largest town in North Ossetia behind Vladikavkaz and Mozdok... Beslan in September 2004 (see The Republic of North Ossetia in Russia The Beslan school hostage crisis (also referred to by the media as the Beslan school siege) began when armed multinational terrorists took hundreds of schoolchildren and adults hostage on September 1, 2004 at School Number One in the Russian town of Beslan in... Beslan school hostage crisis).

The play Checklist for an Armed Robber, by Vanessa Bates, was inspired by the events that occurred in both this incident and an armed holdup in Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is the sixth-largest country in the world, the only one to occupy an entire Dymaxion map by Buckminster Fuller shows land mass with minimal distortion as only one continuous continent A continent (Latin continere, to hold together) is a large continuous mass of... Australia [1] (http://www.abc.net.au/checklist/).

See also

The Budyonnovsk hospital hostage crisis was an incident in June 1995 when Chechen separatists led by Shamil Basayev seized a hospital in the city of Budyonnovsk and took over a thousand hostages. The hostage-takers issued an ultimatum, threatening to kill the hostages, unless their demands, including an end to... Budyonnovsk hospital hostage crisis (June 1995)

External links and references

• In Moscow, a Tragic Final Scene (http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A43408-2002Oct30.html), Washington Post, October 31, 2002
• Russia Confirms Suspicions About Gas Used in Raid (http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A43493-2002Oct30.html), Washington Post, October 31, 2002
• 115 Hostages in Moscow Killed by Gas (http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A26599-2002Oct27.html), Washington Post, October 27, 2002
• Hostage Crisis May Expand Putin's Mandate in Chechen War (http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A38139-2002Oct29.html), Washington Post, October 30, 2002
• Gas 'killed Moscow hostages' (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/2365383.stm), BBC News, October 27, 2002
• Putin Takes Hard Line on Terror, Stays Silent on Use of Deadly Gas (http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A32664-2002Oct28.html), Washington Post, October 28, 2002
• Russia Confirms Gas Was Opiate-Based Fentanyl (http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A40202-2002Oct30.html), Washington Post, October 30, 2002
• Russia: Putin Vows to Take 'Appropriate Measures' Against Terrorists (http://www.rferl.org/nca/features/2002/10/28102002134429.asp), Radio Free Europe, October 28. 2002
• Putin vows to crush rebels (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/2368023.stm), BBC News, October 28, 2002
• Russian Lawmakers Vote to Curb News Media (http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A54249-2002Nov1.html), Washington Post, November 1, 2002
• Nord-Ost Tragedy Goes On (http://english.mn.ru/english/issue.php?2004-41-2), Moscow News 2004 N.41 - a discussion of the long-term effects of the anaesthetic on the surviving hostages