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This article is about Mount Adams in Washington. For others, see Mount Adams (disambiguation). This is a file from the Wikimedia Commons, a repository of free content hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation. ...
A topographical summit is a point on a surface which is higher in elevation than all points immediately adjacent to it. ...
State nickname: The Evergreen State Other U.S. States Capital Olympia Largest city Seattle Governor Christine Gregoire (D) Official languages None Area 184,824 km² (18th) - Land 172,587 km² - Water 12,237 km² (6. ...
The most general definition of mountain range is a group of mountains bordered by lowlands. ...
Image:Cascade. ...
This article is about longitude and latitude; see also UTM coordinate system Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically); large version (pdf) The geographic (earth-mapping) coordinate system expresses every horizontal position on Earth by two of the three coordinates of a spherical coordinate system which...
Example of a topographic map with contour lines Topographic maps, also called contour maps, topo maps or topo quads (for quadrangles), are maps that show topography, or land contours, by means of contour lines. ...
The United States Geological Survey (USGS) is a scientific agency of the United States government. ...
Mountains can be characterized in several ways. ...
View of Mount Rainier, a stratovolcano. ...
The geologic time scale is used by geologists and other scientists to describe the timing and relationships between events that have occurred during the history of the Earth. ...
A volcano is a geological landform (usually a mountain) where magma (rock of the Earths interior made molten or liquid by extremely high temperatures along with a reduction in pressure and/or the introduction of water or other volatiles) erupts through the surface of the planet. ...
Centuries: 7th century BC - 6th century BC - 5th century BC Decades: 550s BC - 540s BC - 530s BC - 520s BC - 510s BC - 500s BC - 490s BC - 480s BC - 470s BC - 460s BC - 450s BC Events and Trends 509 BC - Foundation of the Roman Republic 508 BC - Office of pontifex maximus created...
In climbing, a first ascent (FA) is the first climb to reach the top of a mountain, or the first to follow a particular climbing route. ...
1854 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...
Southern and northern Mount Everest climbing routes as seen from the International Space Station. ...
Mount Adams may refer to any of three mountains in the United States: Mount Adams near the Crestones of the Sangre de Cristo Range in Colorado Mount Adams in the White Mountains of New Hampshire Mount Adams in Washington This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists pages...
Mount Adams is a stratovolcano in the Cascade Range and the second highest mountain in the Pacific Northwest of the United States (Mount Rainier is the tallest). Adams is located in a remote wilderness approximately 35 miles (56 km) east of Mount St. Helens. The Mount Adams Wilderness only comprises the upper part of the volcano's cone. Adams' asymmetrical and broad body raises a mile and a half (2.4 km) above the Cascade crest and its nearly flat summit looks as if the volcano was decapitated (which it in fact has not been). View of Mount Rainier, a stratovolcano. ...
Image:Cascade. ...
Mount Cook, a mountain in New Zealand A mountain is a landform that extends above the surrounding terrain in a limited area. ...
Mount Rainier is a stratovolcano (and national park) located 54 miles (87 km) southeast of Seattle, Washington in Pierce County. ...
Mount St. ...
A volcano is a geological landform (usually a mountain) where magma (rock of the Earths interior made molten or liquid by extremely high temperatures along with a reduction in pressure and/or the introduction of water or other volatiles) erupts through the surface of the planet. ...
History Native Americans in the area have created a detailed legend concerning the three smoking mountains that guard the Columbia River. According to their Bridge of the Gods tale, Wyeast (Mount Hood) and Pahto (Mount Adams; also called Paddo or Klickitat by natives) were the sons of Great Spirit. The brothers both competed for the love of the beautiful La-wa-la-clough (Mount St. Helens). When La-wa-la-clough chose Pahto, Wyeast struck his brother so hard that Pahto's head was flattened and Wyeast took La-wa-la-clough from him (thus attempting to explain Adams' squat appearance). However other versions of the story state that losing La-wa-la-clough caused Pahto such grief that he dropped his head in shame. This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...
The original Bridge of the Gods was created by the Bonneville Slide, which dammed the Columbia River (see also Columbia River Gorge) in the modern-day Pacific Northwest of the United States in the eighteenth century. ...
Mount Hood is a dormant stratovolcano in northern Oregon, in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. ...
The Great Spirit is a conception of a supreme being prevalent among Native American cultures. ...
In 1805 the Lewis and Clark Expedition recorded seeing the mountain but they misidentified it as previously discovered and named Mt. St. Helens. This is the earliest recorded sighting of the volcano by European explorers. 1805 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...
The Lewis and Clark expedition (1804-1806) was the first United States overland expedition to the Pacific coast and back. ...
Between 1830 to 1834 a man named Hall J. Kelley led a campaign to rename the Cascade Range to the President's Range and also to rename each major Cascade mountain after a former President of the United States. Mount Adams was not known to Kelley and was thus not in his plan. Mount Hood, in fact, was designated by Kelley to be renamed after President John Adams but a mistake by a mapmaker placed the Mount Adams name north of Mt. Hood and about 40 miles (60 km) east of Mt. St. Helens. By sheer coincidence there was in fact a large mountain there to receive the name. Since the mountain had no official name at the time the name stuck in spite of the fact that Kelley's renaming plan failed. 1830 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...
1834 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...
Hall Jackson Kelley (February 28, 1790-January 17, 1874) was an American settler and writer known for his strong advocacy for U.S. settlement of the Oregon Country in the 1830s. ...
The President of the United States is the head of state of the United States. ...
John Adams (October 30, 1735 – July 4, 1826) was the first (1789–1797) Vice President of the United States, and the second (1797–1801) President of the United States. ...
In 1901 local settler and mountaineer C. E. Rusk led noted glaciologist Harry Reid to Adams' remote location. Reid conducted the first systematic study of the volcano and also named its largest glaciers. Eighty years later the first official study of Adams by the USGS was carried out by survey geologists Wes Hildreth and Judy Fierstein. They concentrated their work on the volcanology of the mountain and the potential of the area to support geothermal power. Much of our knowledge of Adams comes from their survey work. 1901 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...
Harry Mason Reid (born December 2, 1939) is the senior United States Senator from Nevada and a member of the Democratic Party, for which he serves as Senate Minority Leader. ...
The United States Geological Survey (USGS) is a scientific agency of the United States government. ...
Thermally active area, New Zealand. ...
In 1929 and 1931 a man named Wade Dean filed mining claims to the sulfur on Adams' 210 acre (0.8 km²) summit plateau. After building a horse and mule trail they moved a diamond-tipped drilling machine to the summit area and proceeded to drill test pits. Although they did find sulfur sludge, the amount and quality of the ore was never good enough to make the venture profitable and the project was abandoned in 1959. Adams is the only High Cascade volcano to have its summit exploited by commercial miners. 1929 was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ...
1931 is a common year starting on Thursday. ...
General Name, Symbol, Number sulfur, S, 16 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 16, 3, p Appearance lemon yellow Atomic mass 32. ...
Binomial name Equus caballus Linnaeus, 1758 The Horse (Equus caballus) is a sizeable ungulate mammal, one of the seven modern species of the genus Equus. ...
In its common modern meaning, a mule is the offspring of a male donkey and a female horse. ...
A scattering of round-brilliant cut diamonds shows off the many reflecting facets. ...
1959 was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Glaciers Ice (mostly in the form of glaciers) covers about 6.2 mile² (16 km²) of the mountain's upper cone and is fed by ample snow and rainfall every year. Water percolates through the very porous interior of the main cone and exits near the volcano's base as springs. A glacier is a large, long-lasting river of ice that is formed on land and moves in response to gravity. ...
A fresh snowfall in Colorados (USA) high forests. ...
Rain falling For other uses see Rain (disambiguation). ...
In geology, the porosity of a rock or sediment is the proportion of the non-solid volume to the total volume of material, and is defined by the ratio: where Vp is the non-solid volume (pores and liquid) and Vm is the total volume of material, including the solid...
Glaciers cover a total of 2.5% of Adams' surface but during the last ice age about 90% of the mountain had glaciers on it. Most of the largest extant glaciers (including the Adams, Klickitat, Lyman, Salmon, and White ) originate from Adams' summit ice cap. On the northwest face of the mountain is Adams Glacier, which cascades down a steep channel in a series of ice falls before spreading out and terminating at around 7000 feet (2100 m) elevation. At the head of the Klickitat Glacier on the volcano's eastern flank, a mile-wide cirque (second in size among the Cascades only to Carbon Glacier on Mount Rainier) is fed by two smaller glaciers from the summit ice cap and terminates around 6000 feet (1800 m). Variations in CO2, temperature and dust from the Vostok ice core over the last 400 000 years For the animated movie, see Ice Age (movie). ...
A cirque is an amphitheatre-like valley of glacial origin, formed by glacial erosion at the head of the glacier. ...
Geology Adams is made of several overlapping cones that together form an 18 mile (29 km) diameter base which is elongated in a north-south direction and covers an area of 250 mile² (650 km²). The volcano has a volume of 85 mile³ (350 km³) placing it second only to Mount Shasta in that category among the Cascade stratovolcnoes. Mount Adams was created by the subduction of the Juan de Fuca plate, which is located off just off the coastline in the Pacific Northwest. Mount Shasta, (formerly known as Mt. ...
hi ...
Darker red states are always part of the Pacific Northwest. ...
Mount Adams was born in relatively late Pleistocene time compared to most other Cascade Range volcanoes. Adams grew in several pulses of mostly lava-extruding eruptions. Each eruptive cycle was separated from one another by long periods of dormancy during which glaciers eroded the mountain to below 9000 feet (~2700 meters). Potassium-argon dating has identified two such eruptive periods; one 275,000 - 200,000 years ago and 150,000 - 100,000 years ago. Most of these eruptions and therefore most of the volcano, consisted of lava flows with little tephra. The loose material that makes up much of Adams' core is made of brecciated lava. The Pleistocene Epoch is part of the geologic timescale, usually dated as 1. ...
Image:Cascade. ...
Look up Lava, ‘A‘a, or PÄhoehoe in Wiktionary, the free dictionary Lava is molten rock that a volcano expels during an eruption. ...
A glacier is a large, long-lasting river of ice that is formed on land and moves in response to gravity. ...
Potassium-argon or K-Ar dating is a method used by archaeologists and geologists to ascertain the date of ancient mineral deposits. ...
Tephra is a generic term for air fall material produced by a volcanic eruption regardless of composition or fragment size. ...
Breccia, derived from the Latin word for broken, is a sedimentary rock composed of angular fragments in a matrix that may be of a similar or a different material. ...
Andesite and basalt flows 20 to 200 feet (~6-61 meters) thick circle the base of the volcano (they filled existing depressions and ponded in valleys). Most of the volcano is made of andesite although a handful of dacite and pyroclastic flows erupted early in Adams' development. The present main cone was built when Adams was capped by a glacier system in the last ice age. The lava that erupted was shattered when it made contact with the ice and the cone interior is therefore made of easily eroded andesite fragments. Since its construction, constant emissions of heat and caustic gases have transformed much of the rock into clays (mostly kaolinite), iron oxides, sulfur-rich compounds and quartz. Andesite is an igneous, volcanic (extrusive) rock, of intermediate composition, with aphanitic to porphyritic texture. ...
Basalt Basalt is an extrusive igneous rock, sometimes porphyritic, and is often both fine-grained and dense. ...
Gray, red, black, altered white/tan, flow-banded pumice dacite Dacite is a high-silica igneous, volcanic rock. ...
Pyroclastic flows sweep down the flanks of Mayon Volcano, Philippines, in 1984 Pyroclastic flows are a common and devastating result of some volcanic eruptions. ...
A glacier is a large, long-lasting river of ice that is formed on land and moves in response to gravity. ...
Variations in CO2, temperature and dust from the Vostok ice core over the last 400 000 years For the animated movie, see Ice Age (movie). ...
Look up Erosion in Wiktionary, the free dictionary Severe soil erosion in a wheat field near Washington State University, USA. Erosion is the displacement of solids (soil, mud, rock, and so forth) by the agents of wind, water, ice, movement in response to gravity, or living organisms (in the case...
Clay is a generic term for an aggregate of hydrous silicate particles less than 4 μm (micrometres) in diameter. ...
Kaolin Kaolinite (Aluminium Silicate Hydroxide) Kaolinite is a mineral with the chemical composition Al2Si2O5(OH)4. ...
Iron oxide pigment There are a number of iron oxides: Iron oxides Iron(II) oxide or ferrous oxide (FeO) The black-coloured powder in particular can cause explosions as it readily ignites. ...
General Name, Symbol, Number sulfur, S, 16 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 16, 3, p Appearance lemon yellow Atomic mass 32. ...
Quartz is the second most abundant mineral in the Earths crust. ...
The present main cone above 7000 feet (~2100 meters) was constructed sometime between 25,000 to 10,000 years ago. Since that time the volcano has erupted at least seven times (all of which were above 6500 feet or ~1980 meters). One of the most recent flows issued from South Butte and created the 4.5 mile long by half mile wide A.G. Aiken Lava Bed. This flow looks young but has 3500 year old Mount St. Helens ash on it meaning it is at least that old. The last lavas known to have erupted from Adams are the 2500 to 3500 year old Muddy Fork lava flows. Mount St. ...
The Trout Lake Mudflow was the last large debris flow from Adams and the only large one since the end of the Ice Age. The flow dammed Trout Creek and covered 25 miles (~40 km) of the White Salmon River valley. Impounded water later formed Trout Lake. The Great Slide of 1921 started close to the headwall of the White Salmon Glacier and was the largest avalanche on Adams in historic time. The slide fell a mile (~1.6 km) and its debris covered one mile square of the upper Salt Creek area. Steam vents were reported active at the slide source for three years, leading to speculation that the event was started from a small steam explosion. 1921 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...
A Himalayan avalanche. ...
Since then, thermal anomalies (hot spots) and gas (including hydrogen sulfide) emissions especially on the summit plateau, indicate that Adams is dormant, not extinct. Future eruptions from Adams will probably follow patterns set by previous events and will thus be flank lava flows of andesite or basalt. Since the interior of the main cone is little more than a pile of fragmented lava and hydrothermally-altered rock, there is a potential for very large landslides and other debris flows. A gas is one of the phases of matter. ...
For an alternative meaning for H2S, see H2S radar. ...
Summit area Contrary to legend, the flatness of Adams' current summit area is not due to the loss of the volcano's peak. Instead it was formed as a result of cone-building eruptions from separated vents. A false summit raises 11,500 feet (3,505 m) on the south side of the nearly half-mile (900 m) summit area. The true summit is about 800 ft (240 m) higher on the gently slopping north end (a small lava cone marks the highest point). Suksdorf Ridge is a long buttress trending from the false summit down to an elevation of 8000 ft (2,440 m). This structure was built by repeated lava flows in the late Pleistocene. The Pinacle forms the northwest false summit and was created by erosion from Adams and White Glaciers. The summit crater is filled with snow and is open on its west rim. The Pleistocene Epoch is part of the geologic timescale, usually dated as 1. ...
A fresh snowfall in Colorados (USA) high forests. ...
Area around Adams Mount Adams is surrounded by a variety of other volcanic features and volcanos. A volcano is a geological landform (usually a mountain) where magma (rock of the Earths interior made molten or liquid by extremely high temperatures along with a reduction in pressure and/or the introduction of water or other volatiles) erupts through the surface of the planet. ...
- The largest flank volcano is a basaltic shield volcano on Adams east base called Goat Butte. This structure is at least 150,000 years old.
- Little Mount Adams 450 ft (137 m) is a symmetrical cinder cone on top of the Ridge of Wonders on Adams' southeast flank.
- Potato Hill is a cinder cone on Adams' north side that was created in the late Pleistocene and stands 800 ft (240 m) above its lava plain. Lavas from its base flowed into the Cispus Valley where they were later modified by glaciers.
- At the 7,500 foot (2300 m) level on Adams' south flank is South Butte. The lavas associated with this structure are all younger than Suksdorf Ridge but were emplaced before the end of the ice age.
- Located a few miles north of Adams is Goat Rocks; the heavily eroded ruins of a stratovolcano that is much older than Adams. Unlike Adams, the Goat Rocks Volcano was periodically explosive and deposited ash 2.5 million years ago that later solidified into 2,100 foot (640 m) thick tuff layers.
- In the area surrounding Mt. Adams many underground caves have formed around inactive lava vents. These caves are usually close to the surface and can be hundreds of feet deep and wide.
Basalt Basalt is an extrusive igneous rock, sometimes porphyritic, and is often both fine-grained and dense. ...
Mauna Kea, a shield volcano, on the Island of Hawai‘i with a light dusting of snow. ...
Puu Oo, a cinder-and-spatter cone on Kilauea, Hawaii Volcanic cones are among the simplest volcano formations. ...
A glacier is a large, long-lasting river of ice that is formed on land and moves in response to gravity. ...
This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...
See also Image:Cascade. ...
Mount Rainier is a stratovolcano (and national park) located 54 miles (87 km) southeast of Seattle, Washington in Pierce County. ...
Mount St. ...
Mount Baker (elevation 10,778 feet, 3285m) is a stratovolcano of ice-clad andesite in the Cascades of Washington State in the United States about 30 miles (50km) due east of the city of Bellingham, Whatcom County. ...
Glacier Peak is the most remote of the five active volcanoes in Washington State. ...
Mount Hood is a dormant stratovolcano in northern Oregon, in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. ...
Mount Shasta, (formerly known as Mt. ...
For the general term of a geological feature that goes by the same name, see crater lake. ...
Reference - Fire Mountains of the West: The Cascade and Mono Lake Volcanoes, Stephen L. Harris, (Mountain Press Publishing Company, Missoula; 1988) ISBN 0-87842-220-X
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