Mount Kazbek
Elevation:	5,047 metres (16,558 feet)
Location:	Georgia
Range:	Caucasus
Coordinates:	42°42′N, 44°31′E
Type:	Stratovolcano (dormant)
Age of rock:
Last eruption:	approx. 2780 BC
First ascent:	1868 by Freshfield, Moore, Tucker
Easiest route:	basic snow/ice climb

Mount Kazbek, one of the chief mountains of the Caucasus, is located in modern-day Georgia, dominating the town of Kazbegi near the border with North Ossetia. It is the third highest mountain in Georgia (after Mount Shkhara and Jangi-Tau) and the seventh highest peak in the Caucasus. Georgians call the mountain Mkinvari meaning "glacier" or "Ice Mountain". Image File history File links Kazbegi1. ... A topographical summit is a point on a surface which is higher in elevation than all points immediately adjacent to it. ... The most general definition of a mountain range is a group of mountains bordered by lowlands. ... This article is about the terrestrial mountain range. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically); large version (pdf) The geographic (earth-mapping) coordinate system expresses every horizontal position on Earth by two of the three coordinates of a spherical coordinate system which is aligned with the spin axis of the Earth. ... Mountains can be characterized in several ways. ... View of Mount Rainier, a stratovolcano. ... The geologic time scale is used by geologists and other scientists to describe the timing and relationships between events that have occurred during the history of the Earth. ... Eruption redirects here. ... BC may stand for: Before Christ (see Anno Domini)  an abbreviation used to refer to a year before the beginning of the year count that starts with the supposed year of the birth of Jesus. ... In climbing, a first ascent (FA) is the first climb to reach the top of a mountain, or the first to follow a particular climbing route. ... 1868 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Southern and northern Mount Everest climbing routes as seen from the International Space Station. ... Mount McKinley in Alaska has one of the largest visible base-to-summit elevation differences anywhere A mountain is a landform that extends above the surrounding terrain in a limited area. ... The Entholinguistic patchwork of the modern Caucasus - CIA map The Caucasus, a region bordering Asia Minor, is located between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea which includes the Caucasus Mountains and surrounding lowlands. ... The Republic of North Ossetia-Alania (Ossetic: Цӕгат Ирыстоны Аланийы Республикӕ; Russian: ) is a federal subject of the Russian Federation (a republic). ... Shkhara is the highest point in Georgia (the country) at 17060 feet/5201 meters. ... This article is about the terrestrial mountain range. ... A glacier is a large, long-lasting river of ice that is formed on land and moves in response to gravity. ...

Kazbek is located on the Khokh Range, a mountain range which runs north of the Greater Caucasus Range, and which is pierced by the gorges of the Ardon and the Terek. The mountain itself lies along the edge of the Borjomi-Kazbegi Fault (which is a northern sub-ending of the Anatolian Fault). The region is highly active tectonically, with numerous small earthquakes occurring at regular intervals. An active geothermal/hot spring system also surrounds the mountain. Kazbek represents a dormant volcano, built up of trachyte and sheathed with lava, and has the shape of a double cone, whose base lies at an altitude of 1,770m (5,800 ft). Kazbek is the highest of the volcanic cones of the Kazbegi volcanic group which also includes Mt. Khabarjina (el. 3142 meters). Greater Caucasus (Russian: , sometimes translated as Caucasus Major, Big Caucasus or Large Caucasus) is the major mountain range of Caucasus mountains. ... The Terek (Те́рек) is a major river in the Northern Caucasus, flowing through Georgia and Russia into the Caspian Sea. ... Global earthquake epicenters, 1963–1998 An earthquake is a sudden and sometimes catastrophic movement of a part of the Earths surface. ... Geothermal power is electricity generated by utilizing naturally occurring geological heat sources. ... Green Dragon Spring at Norris Geyser A hot spring is a place where warm or hot groundwater issues from the ground on a regular basis for at least a predictable part of the year, and is significantly above the ambient ground temperature (which is usually around 55~57 F or... Towering over the city of Naples, Vesuvius is dormant but certainly not extinct A dormant volcano is one which is not currently erupting, but is believed to still be capable of erupting. ... Trachyte is an igneous, volcanic rock with an aphanitic to porphyritic texture. ... Look up Lava, ‘A‘a, or Pāhoehoe in Wiktionary, the free dictionary Lava is molten rock that a volcano expels during an eruption. ...

Owing to the steepness of its slopes, the glaciers of Kazbek are not very large. The total combined area of all of Kazbek's glaciers is 135 km². The recent collapse of the Kolka Glacier in 2002 was attributed to sulphuric volcanic activity on the northern slope of the mountain, although there was no eruption. The best-known glacier is the Dyevdorak, which creeps down the north-eastern slope into a gorge of the same name, reaching a level of 2,295m (7,530 ft). At its eastern foot runs the Georgian Military Road through the pass of Darial (7805 feet). 2002 (MMII) is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Georgian Military Road (Военно-Грузинская дорога in Russian, or Voyenno-Gruzinskaya doroga) is a historic name of the main route through the Caucasus from Georgia to Russia. ... The Darial Gorge is found in the Caucasus in modern day Georgia near the border with Russia. ...

The summit was first climbed in 1868 by D. W. Freshfield, A. W. Moore, and C. Tucker, with a Swiss guide.

External link

• Kazbek on Peakware - photos

This article incorporates text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, which is in the public domain. Supporters contend that the Eleventh Edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica (1910-1911) represents the sum of human knowledge at the beginning of the 20th century; indeed, it was advertised as such. ... The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ...