Mount McKinley
Mount McKinley (also known as Denali) from Denali National Park
Elevation	6,193.6 metres (20,320 ft)[1]
Location	Alaska, USA
Range	Alaska Range
Prominence	6,138 metres (20,138 ft) Ranked 3rd
Coordinates	63°4′10″N, 151°0′26″WCoordinates: 63°4′10″N, 151°0′26″W
Topo map	USGS Mt. McKinley A-3
First ascent	June 7, 1913 Hudson Stuck Harry Karstens Walter Harper Robert Tatum
Easiest route	West Buttress Route (glacier/snow climb)

"Denali" redirects here. For other meanings, see Denali (disambiguation).

Mount McKinley or Denali in Alaska is the highest mountain peak in North America, at a height of approximately 20,320 feet (6,194 m)^[1]. It is the centerpiece of Denali National Park. The mountain is also known as Bolshaya Gora (Большая Гора), meaning Big Mountain, in Russian. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 534 pixelsFull resolution (1024 × 683 pixels, file size: 448 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Denali National Park Denali National Park and Preserve is located in Interior Alaska and contains Mount McKinley, the tallest mountain in North America. ... A topographical summit is a point on a surface which is higher in elevation than all points immediately adjacent to it. ... For other uses, see Alaska (disambiguation). ... For exotic financial options, see Mountain range (options). ... View of Denali, the centre piece of the Alaska range, on a rare clear day . The Alaska Range is a mountain range that extends for about 650 km (400 mi) across south-central Alaska, from Iliamna Lake at the SW end to White River in Canada at the SE end. ... In topography, prominence, also known as autonomous height, relative height or shoulder drop (in America) or prime factor (in Europe), is a concept used in the categorization of hills and mountains, also known as peaks. ... This is a list of mountains ordered by their topographic prominence. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ... // Topographic maps are a variety of maps characterized by large-scale detail and quantitative representation of relief, usually using contour lines in modern mapping, but historically using a variety of methods. ... InsertSLUTTY WHORES≤ non-formatted text here{| class=toccolours border=1 cellpadding=4 style=float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; width: 20em; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%; clear: right; |+ United States Geological Survey |- |style= align=center colspan=2| [[Image:USGS logo. ... In climbing, a first ascent (FA) is the first climb to reach the top of a mountain, or the first to follow a particular climbing route. ... is the 158th day of the year (159th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1913 (MCMXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Hudson Stuck (November 11, 1865 – October 10, 1920) with Harry P. Karstens co-led the first expedition to successfully climb the South Peak of Mount McKinley. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Henry Peter Karstens (1878-November 28, 1955), known as Harry, was the first superintendent of Denali National Park (then known as Mount McKinley National Park), from 1921 to 1928. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Walter Harper was the first person to reach the summit of Mount McKinley/Denali, the highest mountain in North America. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Southern and northern Mount Everest climbing routes as seen from the International Space Station. ... Denali can refer to: Mount Denali, often referred to as Mount McKinley, the highest point in North America. ... For other uses, see Alaska (disambiguation). ... This article describes extreme locations on Earth. ... For other uses, see Mountain (disambiguation). ... North America North America is a continent[1] in the Earths northern hemisphere and (chiefly) western hemisphere. ... A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... This article is about the unit of length. ... Denali National Park and Preserve is located in Interior Alaska and contains Mt. ...

Mount McKinley is the tallest mountain in the US. This mountain can be located in Alaska,USA.It is about 6,138 meters or 20,138 feet high.

Notable features

Mount McKinley has a larger bulk and rise than Mount Everest. Even though the summit of Everest is about 9,000 feet (2,700 m) higher as measured from sea level, its base sits on the Tibetan Plateau at about 17,000 feet (5,200 m), giving it a real vertical rise of little more than 12,000 feet (3,700 m). The base of Mount McKinley is roughly a 2,000 foot plateau, giving it an actual rise of 18,000 feet (5,500 m). “Everest” redirects here. ... Tibet Autonomous Region, Qinghai Province and Sichuan Province of China lie on the Tibetan Plateau. ...

The mountain is also characterized by extremely cold weather, and by an unusually severe risk of altitude illness for climbers, due to not only its high elevation but also its high latitude.^[2] At the equator, a mountain as high as Mount McKinley would have as much 47% more oxygen available on its summit as there is at sea level,^[3] but because of its latitude, the pressure on the summit of McKinley is even lower.^[4] Altitude sickness, also known as acute mountain sickness (AMS) or altitude illness is a pathological condition that is caused by acute exposure to high altitudes. ... This article is about the geographical term. ...

Layout of the mountain

Mount McKinley has two significant summits: the South Summit is the higher one, while the North Summit has an elevation of 19,470 feet (5,934 m) and a prominence of approximately 1,320 feet (402 m). The North Summit is sometimes counted as a separate peak (see e.g., the List of United States fourteeners) and sometimes not; it is rarely climbed, except by those doing routes on the north side of the massif. In topography, prominence, also known as autonomous height, relative height or prime factor (in Europe), is a concept used in the categorization of hills and mountains. ... According to one way of counting, there are 91 fourteeners in the United States. ...

Five large glaciers flow off the slopes of the mountain. The Peters Glacier lies on the northwest side of the massif, while the Muldrow Glacier falls from its northeast slopes. Just to the east of the Muldrow, and abutting the eastern side of the massif, is the Traleika Glacier. The Ruth Glacier lies to the southeast of the mountain, and the Kahiltna Glacier leads up to the southwest side of the mountain. The Ruth Glacier is a feature of the Denali National Park and Preserve in Alaska, United States. ... The Kahiltna Glacier is a large (36 miles/58km) glacier of the Alaska Range, starting on the southwest slopes of Mount McKinley near Kahiltna Pass (elevation 10,320 feet (3146 m). ...

Hudson Stuck led the first successful summit of the mountain in 1913.

View of the mountain from the north.

Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Hudson Stuck (November 11, 1865 – October 10, 1920) with Harry P. Karstens co-led the first expedition to successfully climb the South Peak of Mount McKinley. ... Image File history File links Denali - Mt. ... Image File history File links Denali - Mt. ...

Climbing history

The first recorded attempt to climb Mount McKinley was by Judge James Wickersham in 1903, via the Peters Glacier and the North Face, now known as the Wickersham Wall. This route has tremendous avalanche danger and was not successfully climbed until 1963. James Wickersham (1857-1939) was a district judge for Alaska, appointed by President McKinley to the Third Judicial District in 1900. ...

Mt. McKinley on a clear day, from the northeast

Famed explorer Dr. Frederick Cook claimed the first ascent of the mountain in 1906. His claim was regarded with some suspicion from the start, but was also widely believed. It was later proved fraudulent, with some crucial evidence provided by Bradford Washburn when he was sketched on a lower peak. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (3264x2448, 481 KB) Summary I took this photo on a trip to Denali National Park. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (3264x2448, 481 KB) Summary I took this photo on a trip to Denali National Park. ... Frederick Cook in arctic gear Frederick Cook on South Michigan Avenue in Chicago A photo from Cooks 1909 arctic expedition, which he alleged was taken at or near the North Pole Frederick Albert Cook (June 10, 1865 - August 5, 1940) was an American explorer and physician. ... In climbing, a first ascent (FA) is the first climb to reach the top of a mountain, or the first to follow a particular climbing route. ... 1906 (MCMVI) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Bradford Washburn (born June 7, 1910, Cambridge, Massachusetts) is an explorer, mountaineer, photographer, and cartographer extraordinaire. ...

In 1910, four locals (Tom Lloyd, Peter Anderson, Billy Taylor, and Charles McGonagall), known as the Sourdough expedition, attempted McKinley, despite a complete lack of climbing experience. They spent approximately three months on the mountain. However, their purported summit day was impressive: carrying a bag of doughnuts, a thermos of cocoa each and a 14 foot (4.2 m) spruce pole, two of them reached the North Summit, lower of the two, and erected the pole near the top. According to them, they took a total of 18 hours — a record that has yet to be breached (as of 2006). No one believed their success (partly due to false claims that they had climbed both summits) until the true first ascent, in 1913. Year 1910 (MCMX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday [1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

In 1912, the Parker-Browne expedition nearly reached the summit, turning back within just a few hundred yards of it due to harsh weather. In fact, that probably saved their lives, as a powerful earthquake shattered the glacier they ascended hours after they safely left it. 1912 (MCMXII) was a leap year starting on Monday in the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday in the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

High camp (17,200 feet / 5,200 m) of the West Buttress Route pioneered by Bradford Washburn, photographed in 2001

The first ascent of the main summit of McKinley came on June 7, 1913 by a party led by Hudson Stuck. The first man to reach the summit was Walter Harper, an Alaska Native. Harry Karstens and Robert Tatum also made the summit. Tatum later commented, "The view from the top of Mount McKinley is like looking out the windows of Heaven!"^[5] They ascended the Muldrow Glacier route pioneered by the earlier expeditions, which is still often climbed today. Stuck confirmed, via binoculars, the presence of a large pole near the North Summit; this report confirmed the Sourdough ascent, and today it is widely believed that the Sourdoughs did succeed on the North Summit. However the pole was never seen before or since, so there is still some doubt. Stuck also discovered that the Parker-Browne party were only about 200 feet (61 m) of elevation short of the true summit when they turned back. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Bradford Washburn (born June 7, 1910, Cambridge, Massachusetts) is an explorer, mountaineer, photographer, and cartographer extraordinaire. ... is the 158th day of the year (159th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1913 (MCMXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Hudson Stuck (November 11, 1865 – October 10, 1920) with Harry P. Karstens co-led the first expedition to successfully climb the South Peak of Mount McKinley. ... Walter Harper was the first person to reach the summit of Mount McKinley/Denali, the highest mountain in North America. ... Alaskan Natives are Aboriginal Americans who live in Alaska. ... Henry Peter Karstens (1878-November 28, 1955), known as Harry, was the first superintendent of Denali National Park (then known as Mount McKinley National Park), from 1921 to 1928. ...

The peak from the north during sunrise

See the timeline below for more important events in Mount McKinley's climbing history. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 533 pixel Image in higher resolution (955 × 636 pixel, file size: 391 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) This is a 7/2005 picture of Denali, Alaska that I made myself from Wonder Lake Camp. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 533 pixel Image in higher resolution (955 × 636 pixel, file size: 391 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) This is a 7/2005 picture of Denali, Alaska that I made myself from Wonder Lake Camp. ...

The mountain is regularly climbed today, with just over 50% of the expeditions successful, although it is still a dangerous undertaking. By 2003, the mountain had claimed the lives of nearly 100 mountaineers.^[6] The vast majority of climbers use the West Buttress Route, pioneered in 1951 by Bradford Washburn, after an extensive aerial photographic analysis of the mountain. Climbers typically take two to four weeks to ascend the mountain. Bradford Washburn (born June 7, 1910, Cambridge, Massachusetts) is an explorer, mountaineer, photographer, and cartographer extraordinaire. ...

Timeline

• 1896-1902 Surveys by Robert Muldrow, George Eldridge, Alfred Brooks.
• 1903. First attempt, by Judge James Wickersham.
• 1906. Frederick Cook falsely claims the first ascent of McKinley.
• 1910. The Sourdoughs ascend the North Summit.
• 1912. The Parker-Browne attempt almost reaches the South Summit.
• 1913. First ascent by Hudson Stuck, Walter Harper, Harry Karstens, Robert Tatum.
• 1932. Second ascent, by Alfred Linley, Harry Liek, Grant Pearson, Erling Strom. (Both peaks were climbed.)
• 1947. Barbara Washburn becomes the first woman to reach the summit as her husband Bradford Washburn becomes the first to summit twice.
• 1951. First ascent of the West Buttress Route, led by Bradford Washburn.
• 1954. First ascent of the very long South Buttress Route.
• 1959. First ascent of the West Rib, now a popular, mildly technical route to the summit.
• 1961. First ascent of the Cassin Ridge, the best-known technical route on the mountain. This was a major landmark in Alaskan climbing.
• 1963. Two teams make first ascents of two different routes on the Wickersham Wall.
• 1967. First winter ascent, via the West Buttress, by Dave Johnston, Art Davidson, and Ray Genet.
• 1967. Seven members of Joe Wilcox's twelve-man expedition perish in a storm near the summit. Up to this time, this was the third worst disaster in mountaineering history in terms of lives lost.
• 1970. First solo ascent by Naomi Uemura.
• 1984. Uemura returns to make the first winter solo ascent, but dies after summitting. Tono Križo, František Korl and Blažej Adam from the Slovak Mountaineering Association climb a very direct route to the summit, now known as the Slovak Route, on the south face of the mountain, to the right of the Cassin Ridge.^[7]
• 1988. First solo winter ascent with safe return, by Vern Tejas.
• 1990. Alaskan Norma Jean Saunders became the first woman to officially document a solo ascent of Mount McKinley. She climbed the West Buttress.

Frederick Cook in arctic gear Frederick Cook on South Michigan Avenue in Chicago A photo from Cooks 1909 arctic expedition, which he alleged was taken at or near the North Pole Frederick Albert Cook (June 10, 1865 - August 5, 1940) was an American explorer and physician. ... In climbing, a first ascent (FA) is the first climb to reach the top of a mountain, or the first to follow a particular climbing route. ... Hudson Stuck (November 11, 1865 – October 10, 1920) with Harry P. Karstens co-led the first expedition to successfully climb the South Peak of Mount McKinley. ... Walter Harper was the first person to reach the summit of Mount McKinley/Denali, the highest mountain in North America. ... Henry Peter Karstens (1878-November 28, 1955), known as Harry, was the first superintendent of Denali National Park (then known as Mount McKinley National Park), from 1921 to 1928. ... Barbara Washburn, wife of Henry Bradford Washburn, was the first woman to climb Mt. ... Bradford Washburn (born June 7, 1910, Cambridge, Massachusetts) is an explorer, mountaineer, photographer, and cartographer extraordinaire. ... Bradford Washburn (born June 7, 1910, Cambridge, Massachusetts) is an explorer, mountaineer, photographer, and cartographer extraordinaire. ... Naomi Uemura (1941 - 1984) was an adventurer who accomplished some of the greatest adventures in history. ...

Use of Denali and McKinley

Mount McKinley is also commonly known as Denali, which means "the high one" in the Athabaskan language, and which is also the name currently recognized by the State of Alaska. In 1896 the mountain was officially named Mount McKinley, after the former Governor of Ohio and future U.S. President William McKinley. When Denali National Park and Preserve was established by the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act, December 2, 1980, the Alaska Board of Geographic Names changed the name of the mountain back to Denali. However, the U.S. Board of Geographic Names maintains McKinley, which helps visitors differentiate between the mountain and Denali National Park, where the mountain is located. Alaskans tend to use "Denali" and rely on context to distinguish between the park and the mountain. Athabaskan or Athabascan (also Athapascan or Athapaskan) is the name of a large group of distantly related Native American peoples, also known as the Athabasca Indians or Athapaskes, and of their language family. ... Year 1896 (MDCCCXCVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar). ... Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas  US Government Portal      For other uses, see President of the United States (disambiguation). ... This article is about the 25th President of the United States; for other people named William McKinley, see William McKinley (disambiguation). ... Denali National Park Denali National Park and Preserve is located in Interior Alaska and contains Mount McKinley, the tallest mountain in North America. ... The Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act (ANILCA) was an American law passed in 1980 by U.S. Congress and signed by President Jimmy Carter on December 2, 1980. ... is the 336th day of the year (337th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar). ...

Weather station

The Japan Alpine Club installed a meteorological station on a ridge near the summit of Denali at an altitude of 5710 m in 1990. In 1998, this weather station was donated to the International Arctic Research Center at the University of Alaska Fairbanks. In June of 2002, a weather station was placed at the 19,000 foot level. This weather station was designed to transmit data in real-time for use by the climbing public and the science community. Since its establishment, annual upgrades to the equipment have been performed with instrumentation custom built for the extreme weather and altitude conditions. This weather station is one of only two weather stations in the world located above 18,000 feet. The International Arctic Research Center, or IARC, established 1997, is a research institution focused on integrating and coordinating study of climate change in the Arctic. ... The University of Alaska Fairbanks, located in Fairbanks, Alaska, USA, is the second largest campus of the University of Alaska System, and is abbreviated as UAF. UAF is a land-grant, sea-grant, and space-grant institution, as well as participating in the sun-grant program through Oregon State University. ...

Subpeaks and nearby mountains

Mount McKinley, here shrouded in clouds, is large enough to create its own localized weather.

Besides the North Summit mentioned above, other less significant features on the massif which are sometimes included as separate peaks are: Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (2048 × 1536 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (2048 × 1536 pixel, file size: 1. ...

• South Buttress, 15,885 feet (4,842 m); mean prominence = 335 feet (102 m)
• East Buttress high point, 14,730 feet (4,490 m); mean prominence = 380 feet (116 m)
• East Buttress, most topographically prominent point, 14,650 feet (4,465 m); mean prominence = 600 feet (183 m)
• Browne Tower, 14,530 feet (4,429 m); mean prominence = 75 feet (23 m)

None of these peaks is usually regarded as worthwhile objectives in their own right; however they often appear on lists of the highest peaks of the United States. (Only one appears on the List of United States Fourteeners on Wikipedia.) This article is about mountains. ...

Nearby important peaks include:

• Mount Foraker
• Mount Hunter
• Mount Huntington
• Mount Dickey
• The Moose's Tooth

Mount Foraker is a mountain located at the head of the Forake Glacier, in Denali National Park, 25 km (15 miles) southwest of Denali Pass. ... Mount Hunter (or Begguya) is a mountain in Denali National Park in Alaska. ... Mount Huntington is a striking rock and ice pyramid in the Central Alaska Range, about 8 miles (13 km) south-southeast of Mount McKinley. ... Mount Dickey is a peak on the west side of the Ruth Gorge in the Central Alaska Range, 12 miles (19 km) southeast of Mount McKinley. ... The Mooses Tooth (or simply Mooses Tooth, Mooses Tooth) is a rock peak on the east side of the Ruth Gorge in the Central Alaska Range, 15 miles (24 km) southeast of Mount McKinley. ...

See also

• List of highest mountains of North America
• Mountain peaks of North America
• Mountain peaks of the United States

The following is a ranked list of the highest independent mountains in North America. ... Mount McKinley (Denali) in Alaska is the highest peak of North America. ... Mount McKinley (Denali) in Alaska is the highest mountain peak of the United States of America. ...

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Mount McKinley

• Jonathan Waterman, High Alaska, AAC Press, 1988.
• Dow Scoggins, Discovering Denali
• R. J. Secor, Denali Climbing Guide (Stackpole Books, 1998) ISBN 0-8117-2717-3
• Bradford Washburn et al, Mount McKinley: The Conquest of Denali (Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1991) ISBN 0-8109-3611-9
• Colby Coombs and Bradford Washburn, Denali's West Buttress: A Climber's Guide to Mount McKinley's Classic Route
• Jonathan Waterman, Surviving Denali: A Study of Accidents on Mount McKinley 1903-1990 (American Alpine Club, 1991)
• Jonathan Waterman, In the Shadow of Denali: Life and Death on Alaska's Mt. McKinley (1994)++
• Kaye, G. D., Using GIS to estimate the total volume of Mauna Loa Volcano, Hawaii, 98th Annual Meeting, Geological Society of America, (2002).
• Art Davidson, Minus 148°: First Winter Ascent of Mt. McKinley, 7th ed. (Mountaineers Books, 2004) ISBN 0-89886-687-1
• Hudson Stuck, D.D., Archdeacon of the Yukon, The Ascent of Denali, The 1913 Expedition that First Conquered Mt. McKinley, ((reprinted by) Wolfe Publishing Co., 1988) ISBN 0-935632-69-7

Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... Year 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar). ... Bradford Washburn (born June 7, 1910, Cambridge, Massachusetts) is an explorer, mountaineer, photographer, and cartographer extraordinaire. ... Harry N. Abrams, Inc. ... Year 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the 1991 Gregorian calendar). ... Bradford Washburn (born June 7, 1910, Cambridge, Massachusetts) is an explorer, mountaineer, photographer, and cartographer extraordinaire. ... The American Alpine Club was founded in 1902 and is the leading national organization in the United States devoted to mountaineering, climbing, and the multitude of issues facing climbers. ... Year 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the 1991 Gregorian calendar). ... Year 1994 (MCMXCIV) The year 1994 was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by the United Nations. ... The Mountaineers is an outdoor recreation and awareness group based in Seattle, Washington and is the third largest group of its kind in the country. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Hudson Stuck (November 11, 1865 – October 10, 1920) with Harry P. Karstens co-led the first expedition to successfully climb the South Peak of Mount McKinley. ...

Notes

is the 119th day of the year (120th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 313th day of the year (314th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The New York Times is an internationally known daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed in the United States and many other nations worldwide. ... is the 236th day of the year (237th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

• Mt. Mckinley Weather Station
• SummitPost: Photos
• NOVA: Deadly Ascent
• Denali (Mount McKinley) on Bivouac.com
• Photos of an expedition on Mount McKinley
• Computer generated summit panoramas North South Index
• Denali, the summit of North America, 7summits.com
• H.R. 198: A bill to provide for the retention of the name of Mount McKinley (introduced to the 110th Congress by Rep. Regula)
• Timeline of Denali climbing history, National Park Service
• Wilson, Rodman, William J. Mills, Jr., Donald R. Rogers and Michael T. Propst, "Death on Denali: Fatalities Among Climbers in Mount McKinley National Park From 1903 to 1976—Analysis of Injuries, Illnesses and Rescues in 1976," Western Journal of Medicine, 1978 June; 128(6): 471–476.
• Rodway, George W., "Paul Crews' "Accident on Mount McKinley"—A Commentary," Wilderness and Environmental Medicine: Vol. 14 (2003), No. 1, pp. 33–38.
• Freedman, Lew,"Dangerous Steps: Vernon Tejas and the Solo Winter Ascent of Mount McKinley", Stackpole, 1990.
• A homeshot panorama of Mount McKinley