 Nyiragongo (right) and Nyamuragira (left). Vertical scale exaggerated (1.5x). Mount Nyiragongo is a volcano in the Virunga Mountains associated with the Great Rift Valley. It is located in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, about 20 km north of the town of Goma and Lake Kivu and just west of the border with Rwanda. The main crater is 250 m deep, two km wide and sometimes contains a lava lake. Nyiragongo and nearby Nyamuragira are together responsible for 40% of Africa's historical volcanic eruptions. Image File history File links Nyiragongo_lava_lake. ...
A topographical summit is a point on a surface which is higher in elevation than all points immediately adjacent to it. ...
For exotic financial options, see Mountain range (options). ...
Christiaan Toussaint (born on May 20, 1987) and Jurgen Lomp (born on January 23, 1988) are two promosing Tech Trance producers under the name of Virunga. ...
Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...
Mountains can be characterized in several ways. ...
A cutaway diagram of a stratovolcano Mount St. ...
Cleveland Volcano in the Aleutian Islands of Alaska photographed from the International Space Station For other uses, see Volcano (disambiguation). ...
2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ...
Cleveland Volcano in the Aleutian Islands of Alaska photographed from the International Space Station For other uses, see Volcano (disambiguation). ...
Christiaan Toussaint (born on May 20, 1987) and Jurgen Lomp (born on January 23, 1988) are two promosing Tech Trance producers under the name of Virunga. ...
Northern section of the Great Rift Valley. ...
For other uses, see Goma (disambiguation). ...
Lake Kivu is one of the Great Lakes of Africa. ...
A lava lake in Hawaii Lava lakes are large volumes of molten lava, usually basaltic, contained in a vent, volcanic crater, or broad depression. ...
Mount Nyamuragira is an active volcano in the Virunga Mountains of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. ...
A world map showing the continent of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. ...
This article is about volcanoes in geology. ...
Geology
Not much is known about how long the volcano has been erupting, but since 1882, it has erupted at least 34 times, including many periods where activity was continuous for years at a time, often in the form of a churning lava lake in the crater. The volcano partly overlaps with two older volcanoes, Baratu and Shaheru, and is also surrounded by hundreds of small volcanic cinder cones from flank eruptions.
Volcanism at Nyiragongo is caused by the rifting of the Earth's crust where two parts of the African Plate are breaking apart. A hot spot is probably also partly responsible for the great activity at Nyiragongo and Nyamuragira. The African plate, shown in pinkish-orange The African Plate is a tectonic plate covering the continent of Africa and extending westward to the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. ...
In geology, a hotspot is a location on the Earths surface that has experienced active volcanism for a long period of time. ...
The lava emitted in eruptions at Nyiragongo is often unusually fluid. Nyiragongo's lavas are made of melilite nephelinite, an alkali-rich type of volcanic rock whose unusual chemical composition may be a factor in the unusual fluidity of the lavas there. Whereas most lava flows move rather slowly and rarely pose a danger to human life, Nyiragongo's lava flows may race downhill at up to 60 miles per hour (up to 100 km/h). This is because of the extremely low silica content (the lava is mafic). Hawaiian volcanic eruptions are also characterised by lavas with low silica content, but the Hawaiian volcanoes are broad, shallow-sloped shield volcanoes in contrast to the steep-sided cone of Nyiragongo, and the silica content is high enough to slow most Hawaiian flows to walking pace. Look up lava, Aa, pahoehoe in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
A fluid is defined as a substance that continually deforms (flows) under an applied shear stress regardless of the magnitude of the applied stress. ...
Melilite would be considered by most people to be a mineral. ...
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In computer programming jargon, lava flow is a problem in which computer code, usually written under less than optimal conditions, is put into production and then built on when still in a developmental state. ...
The chemical compound silicon dioxide, also known as silica, is the oxide of silicon, chemical formula SiO2. ...
In geology, mafic minerals and rocks are silicate minerals, magmas, and volcanic and intrusive igneous rocks that have relatively high concentrations of the heavier elements. ...
This article is about the U.S. State. ...
Shield volcano A shield volcano is a large volcano with shallow-sloping side. ...
Nyiragongo is most famous for its semi permanent lava lake, which was discovered by French vulcanologist Haroun Tazieff. The last known eruption was in 2007. Haroun Tazieff (May 11, 1914-February 6, 1998) was a French vulcanologist and geologist. ...
1977 eruption Between 1894 and 1977 the crater contained an active lava lake. On 10 January 1977, the crater walls fractured, and the lava lake drained in less than an hour. The lava flowed down the flanks of the volcano at speeds of up to 60 miles per hour on the upper slopes, overwhelming villages and killing at least 70 people. Some reports quote much higher figures of up to several thousand people. The hazards posed by eruptions like this are unique to Nyiragongo. Nowhere else in the world does such a steep-sided stratovolcano contain a lava lake that contains such fluid lavas. Nyiragongo's proximity to heavily populated areas increases its potential for causing a natural disaster. The 1977 eruption raised awareness of the unique dangers posed by Nyiragongo, and because of this it was designated a Decade Volcano, worthy of particular study, in 1991. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
1894 (MDCCCXCIV) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...
Also: 1977 (album) by Ash. ...
is the 10th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Also: 1977 (album) by Ash. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
A cutaway diagram of a stratovolcano Mount St. ...
Mount Pinatubo eruption, 1991 A natural disaster is according to or provided by nature. ...
A map showing locations of the 16 Decade Volcanoes The Decade Volcanoes are 16 volcanoes identified by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earths Interior (IAVCEI) as being worthy of particular study in light of their history of large, destructive eruptions and proximity to populated areas. ...
Year 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar. ...
The 1977 eruption was preceded by the creation of a new small volcano, Murara, a short distance away on the slopes of Mount Nyamuragira. Murara was a small, short-lived, volcano on the flank of Mount Nyamuragira, that began erupting on December 23, 1976. ...
Mount Nyamuragira is an active volcano in the Virunga Mountains of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. ...
Latest 2002 eruption
 Another view of Nyiragongo's lava lake Lava lakes reformed in the crater in eruptions in 1982-1983 and 1994. Another major eruption of the volcano began on January 17, 2002, after several months of increased seismic and fumarolic activity. A 13 km fissure opened in the south flank of the volcano, spreading in a few hours from 2800 m to 1550 m elevation, reaching the outskirts of the city of Goma the provincial capital on the northern shore of Lake Kivu. Lava streamed from three spatter cones at the end of the fissure and flowed in a stream 200 to 1000 m wide and up to 2 m deep through Goma. Warnings had been given and 400,000 people were evacuated from the city across the Rwandan border into neighbouring Gisenyi during the eruption. Lava covered the northern end of the runway at Goma International Airport, leaving the southern two-thirds usable, and reached Lake Kivu.[1] This raised fears that the lava might cause gas-saturated waters deep in the lake to suddenly rise to the surface, releasing lethally large amounts of carbon dioxide and methane - a similar event to the disaster at Lake Nyos in Cameroon in 1986. This did not happen, but volcanologists continue to monitor the area closely. Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1000 × 750 pixel, file size: 85 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1000 × 750 pixel, file size: 85 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
Year 1982 (MCMLXXXII) was a common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar). ...
For the Jimi Hendrix song, see 1983. ...
Year 1994 (MCMXCIV) The year 1994 was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by the United Nations. ...
is the 17th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Also see: 2002 (number). ...
Seismology (from the Greek seismos(σεισμός) = earthquake and λόγος,logos = knowledge ) is the scientific study of earthquakes and the propagation of elastic waves through the Earth. ...
“Solfatara†redirects here. ...
Fissure (Latin fissura, Plural fissurae) is a groove, natural division, deep furrow, or cleft found in the brain, spinal cord, and liver; or a tear in the anus. ...
For other uses, see Goma (disambiguation). ...
Lake Kivu is one of the Great Lakes of Africa. ...
Gisenyi is a lake resort, lying on Lake Kivu in Rwanda. ...
Goma Airport is an airport in Goma, Democratic Republic of the Congo (IATA: GOM, ICAO: FZNA). ...
Lake Kivu is one of the Great Lakes of Africa. ...
For other uses, see Gas (disambiguation). ...
Carbon dioxide (chemical formula: ) is a chemical compound composed of two oxygen atoms covalently bonded to a single carbon atom. ...
Methane is a chemical compound with the molecular formula . ...
Lake Nyos is a crater lake in the Northwest Province of Cameroon, located at . ...
Year 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar). ...
Volcanology (also spelled vulcanology) is the study of volcanoes, lava, magma and related geological phenomena. ...
About 45 people died in the eruption from asphyxiation by carbon dioxide and buildings collapsing due to the lava and earthquakes.[1] At least 15% of Goma comprising 4500 buildings were destroyed, leaving about 120,000 people homeless. The eruption was the most destructive effusive eruption in modern history.[citation needed] Asphyxia is a condition of severely deficient supply of oxygen to the body. ...
Carbon dioxide (chemical formula: ) is a chemical compound composed of two oxygen atoms covalently bonded to a single carbon atom. ...
A homeless man pushes a cart down the street. ...
Immediately after the eruption stopped, a large number of earthquakes were felt around Goma and Gisenyi. This swarm activity continued for about three months and caused the collapse of more buildings.[1]
Six months after the start of the 2002 eruption, Nyamuragira volcano also erupted. Activity at Nyiragongo is ongoing, but currently confined to the crater, where another lava lake has formed about 250 metres below the level of the 1994 lava lake. Also see: 2002 (number). ...
Tourist death
Satellite image of the eruption plume from Nyiragongo in July 2004 On July 6, 2007, 34 years-old Cecelia Cheng Siu-yan (Traditional chinese: 鄭兆茵), a Hong Kong Chinese female tourist on a guided tour up the volcano, slipped and fell over 100 meters down into the crater. She had reportedly climbed down into the crater to take photographs, against advice from her guides, before she fell.[2] She landed on a small ledge and apparently survived the fall, but was dead by the time three rescue workers (from a team of Indian peacekeepers and two vulcanologists) could reach her early the following day.[3] An initial rescue attempt using a UN helicopter failed when the victim could not be found due to poor visibility.[4] Image File history File links Eruption plume from Nyiragongo in the Congo, January 2002. ...
Image File history File links Eruption plume from Nyiragongo in the Congo, January 2002. ...
is the 187th day of the year (188th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...
References - General references
- Tazieff, Haroun (1979). Nyiragongo: The Forbidden Volcano. Barron's Educational Series, 288 pp. ISBN 0-8120-5296-X.
- Allard P., Baxter P., Halbwachs M., Kasareka M., Komorowski J.C., Joron J.L. (2003), The most destructive effusive eruption in modern history: Nyiragongo 2003, Geophysical Research Abstracts, v. 5, 11970
- Demant A., Lestrade P., Lubala R.T., Kampunzu A.B., Durieux J. (1994), Volcanological and petrological evolution of Nyiragongo volcano, Virunga volcanic field, Zaire, Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 56, p. 47-60 [1]
- Ekstrabaldet.dk (2007), Kvinde overlevede fald på 100 meter [2] in Danish
- Favalli M., Chirico G.D., Papale P., Pareschi M.T., Coltelli M., Lucaya N., Boschi E. (2006), "Computer simulations of lava flow paths in the town of Goma, Nyiragongo volcano, Democratic Republic of Congo", Journal of Geophysical Research v. 111, B06202, doi:10.1029/2004JB003527
Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...
is the 190th day of the year (191st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ...
is the 117th day of the year (118th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Reuters Group plc (LSE: RTR and NASDAQ: RTRSY); pronounced is known as a financial market data provider and a news service that provides reports from around the world to newspapers and broadcasters. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...
is the 188th day of the year (189th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ...
is the 117th day of the year (118th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...
is the 188th day of the year (189th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ...
is the 117th day of the year (118th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Haroun Tazieff (May 11, 1914-February 6, 1998) was a French vulcanologist and geologist. ...
External links Coordinates: 1°31′0″S, 29°15′0″E Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...
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