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Encyclopedia > Mount Royal
Mount Royal
Mount Royal's eastern slope
Type Municipal
Location Montreal
Coordinates 45°30′23″N, 73°35′20″W
Size 233 metres (764 feet)
Opened 1876
Operated by City of Montreal
Status Open all year

Mount Royal (French: Mont Royal) ( 45°30′23″N, 73°35′20″W) is a mountain on the Island of Montreal, immediately north of downtown Montreal, Quebec, Canada, the city to which it gave its name. Mount Royal seen from av. ... Nickname: Motto: Concordia Salus (in unity, prosperity) Coordinates: , Country Canada Province Quebec Founded 1642 Established 1832 Government  - Mayor Gérald Tremblay Area [1][2][3]  - City 365. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ... Nickname: Motto: Concordia Salus (in unity, prosperity) Coordinates: , Country Canada Province Quebec Founded 1642 Established 1832 Government  - Mayor Gérald Tremblay Area [1][2][3]  - City 365. ... Mount Royal can mean: Mount Royal, a very large hill (or very small mountain) in the center of Montreal The Town of Mount Royal, a town in Quebec, a suburb of Montreal. ... Lyskamm, 4 527 m, Pennine Alps A mountain is a landform that extends above the surrounding terrain in a limited area. ... The Island of Montreal (in French, île de Montréal), in extreme southwestern Quebec, Canada, is located at the confluence of the Saint Lawrence and Ottawa Rivers. ... Nickname: Motto: Concordia Salus (in unity, prosperity) Coordinates: , Country Canada Province Quebec Founded 1642 Established 1832 Government  - Mayor Gérald Tremblay Area [1][2][3]  - City 365. ... Motto: Je me souviens (French: I remember) Capital Quebec City Largest city Montreal Official languages French Government - Lieutenant-Governor Pierre Duchesne - Premier Jean Charest (PLQ) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 75 - Senate seats 24 Confederation July 1, 1867 (1st) Area  Ranked 2nd - Total 1,542,056 km² (595...


The mountain is part of the Monteregian mountain chain situated between the Laurentians and the Appalachians. It gave its Latin name, Mons Regius, to the Monteregian chain. The Monteregian mountain chain is a chain of mountains in Montreal and the Montérégie, between the Laurentians and the Appalachians. ... The Laurentians mountains in the Hautes-Gorges Quebec national parc, Charlevoix, Quebec, Canada The Laurentian mountains (French: Laurentides) are a mountain range in southern Quebec, Canada, north of the St. ... The Appalachian Mountains are a system of North American mountains running from Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada to Alabama in the United States, although the northernmost mainland portion ends at the Gaspe Peninsula of Quebec. ... Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in Latium, the region immediately surrounding Rome. ...


The mountain consists of three peaks: Colline de la Croix (or Mont Royal proper) at 233 metres (764 feet), Colline d'Outremont (or Mont Murray) at 211 metres (692 feet), and Colline de Westmount at 201 metres (659 feet) elevation above mean sea level. At this height, it might be otherwise considered a very tall hill, but it has always been called a mountain. The metre or meter is a measure of length. ... This article is about a foot as a unit of length. ... Westmount City Hall Some typical homes in Westmount Westmount is a former (and future) city in southwestern Quebec, Canada on the Island of Montreal, an enclave of the city of Montreal; pop. ... Basic Definition In geography, the elevation of a geographic location is its height above mean sea level (or some other fixed point). ... The term above mean sea level (AMSL) refers to the elevation (on the ground) or altitude (in the air) of any object, relative to the average sea level. ...

Contents

Geology

Some tourist guidebooks, such as the famous Michelin Guide to Montreal, state that Mount Royal is an extinct volcano. The mountain is not a volcano per se, although it may represent the deep extension of a vastly eroded ancient volcanic complex. The mountain is the remnant of an igneous intrusive suite that was emplaced in Cretaceous to Tertiary time. The magma intruded into the sedimentary rocks underneath the area, producing at least eight igneous stocks. There is evidence that the stocks were emplaced at a shallow depth, indicating that the magmas could have easily erupted at the surface, producing volcanoes. The main rock type is a gabbro composed of pyroxene, olivine and variable amounts of plagioclase. During and after the main stage of intrusion, the gabbros and surrounding rocks were intruded by a series of volcanic dikes and sills. Subsequently, the surrounding softer sedimentary rock was eroded, leaving behind the resistant igneous rock that forms the mountain. An Extinct volcano is a volcano which is not currently erupting and which is not considered likely to erupt in the future. ... Homa Mountain, Kenya in 1994 Mount Edziza, British Columbia, Canada as seen from Stewart-Cassiar Highway An eruption of Pacaya, Guatemala in 1976 Mt. ... Igneous rocks are formed when molten rock (magma) cools and solidifies, with or without crystallization, either below the surface as intrusive (plutonic) rocks or on the surface as extrusive (volcanic) rocks. ... Devils Tower, an igneous intrusion exposed when the surrounding softer rock eroded away. ... The Cretaceous Period is one of the major divisions of the geologic timescale, reaching from the end of the Jurassic Period (i. ... Tertiary geological time interval covers roughly the time span between the demise of the non-avian dinosaurs and beginning of the most recent Ice Age, approximately 65 million to 1. ... Magma is molten rock located beneath the surface of the Earth (or any other terrestrial planet), and which often collects in a magma chamber. ... Two types of sedimentary rock: limey shale overlaid by limestone. ... Gabbro specimen. ... Figure 1:Mantle-peridotite xenolith with green peridot olivine and black pyroxene crystals from San Carlos Indian Reservation, Gila Co. ... The mineral olivine (also called chrysolite and, when gem-quality, peridot) is a magnesium iron silicate with the formula (Mg,Fe)2SiO4. ... Lunar Ferroan Anorthosite #60025 (Plagioclase Feldspar). ... A dike in geology refers to a tabular intrusive igneous body. ... In geology, a sill is a tabular, often horizontal mass of igneous rock that has been intruded laterally between older layers of sedimentary rock, beds of volcanic lava or tuff, or even along the direction of foliation in metamorphic rock. ... Severe soil erosion in a wheat field near Washington State University, USA. For erosion as an operation of Mathematical morphology, see Erosion (morphology) Erosion is displacement of solids (soil, mud, rock and other particles) by the agents of ocean currents, wind, water, or ice by downward or down-slope movement...


History

Cross on top of Mount Royal, at night
Cross illuminated in purple to mark the death of Pope John Paul II, April 2005
Cross illuminated in purple to mark the death of Pope John Paul II, April 2005

The first European to scale the mountain was Jacques Cartier, guided there in 1535 by the people of the village of Hochelega. He named it in honour his patron, King François I of France. He wrote in his journal: Cross on top of Mount Royal, at night. ... Cross on top of Mount Royal, at night. ... Download high resolution version (938x1500, 118 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Download high resolution version (938x1500, 118 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Coat of Arms of Pope John Paul II. The Letter M is for Mary, the mother of Jesus, to whom he held strong devotion Pope John Paul II (Latin: , Italian: Giovanni Paolo II, Polish: Jan PaweÅ‚ II) born   [] (May 18, 1920, Wadowice, Poland – April 2, 2005, Vatican City) reigned as... April 2005 : ← - January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December - → Hamas and Islamic Jihad have declared, in principle, their intention to join the Palestine Liberation Organisation (PLO). ... Portrait of Jacques Cartier by Théophile Hamel, ca. ... Events January 18 - Lima, Peru founded by Francisco Pizarro April - Jacques Cartier discovers the Iroquois city of Stadacona, Canada (now Quebec) and in May, the even greater Huron city of Hochelaga June 24 - The Anabaptist state of Münster (see Münster Rebellion) is conquered and disbanded. ... Hochelega was an Iroquois village in northeastern North America. ... Generally, patronage is the act of supporting or favoring some person, group, or institution. ... Francis I (François Ier in French) (September 12, 1494 – March 31, 1547), called the Father and Restorer of Letters (le Père et Restaurateur des Lettres), was crowned King of France in 1515 in the cathedral at Reims and reigned until 1547. ... This article is about the journal as a written medium. ...

Et au parmy d'icelles champaignes, est scituée et assise ladicte ville de Hochelaga, près et joignant une montaigne... Nous nommasmes icelle montaigne le mont Royal.
("And among these fields is situated the said town of Hochelaga, near to and adjoining a mountain... We named this mountain, Mount Royal.")

The name of the city of Montreal derives from mont Réal, an orthographic variant introduced either in French, or by an Italian map maker ("Mount Royal" is monte Reale in Italian). The name had been unofficially applied to the city, formerly Ville-Marie, by the 18th century. The orthography of a language specifies the correct way of writing in that language. ... (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. ...


The first cross on the mountain was placed there in 1643 by Paul Chomedey de Maisonneuve, the founder of the city, in fulfillment of a vow he made to the Virgin Mary when praying to her to stop a disastrous flood. Today, the mountain is crowned by a 31.4-metre-high illuminated cross, installed in 1924 by the Société Saint-Jean-Baptiste and now owned by the city. It was converted to fibre-optic light in 1992. The new system can turn the lights red, blue, or purple, the last of which is used as a sign of mourning between the death of the Pope and the election of the next. (This operation was previously accomplished by changing all the light bulbs.) The traditional form of the Western Christian cross, known as the Latin cross. ... // Events January 21 - Abel Tasman discovers Tonga February 6 - Abel Tasman discovers the Fiji islands. ... Paul Chomedey de Maisonneuve Paul Chomedey, sieur de Maisonneuve (1612 & ndash; 1676) was a French military officer and the founder of Montreal. ... Gabriel delivering the Annunciation to Mary. ... Look up pray in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Picture of flooding in Amphoe Sena, Ayutthaya Province, Thailand. ... 1924 (MCMXXIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar). ... The logo of the Saint-Jean-Baptiste Society. ... Fiber Optic strands An optical fiber in American English or fibre in British English is a transparent thin fiber for transmitting light. ... Year 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar). ...


In 1918, a railway tunnel was built under the mountain. It is currently used by the AMT's Montreal/Deux-Montagnes. The Mount Royal Tunnel is a Canadian railway tunnel located in Montreal, Quebec. ... The Agence métropolitaine de transport (AMT) or (English: Metropolitan Transportation Agency) (AAR reporting marks AMT) is the umbrella organization that plans, integrates, and coordinates public transportation services across Canadas Greater Montreal Region, including the Island of Montreal, Laval (Île Jésus), and communities along both the North Shore... The Deux-Montagnes line is a commuter rail line operated in the Greater Montreal, Quebec, Canada area, by the Agence métropolitaine de transport, or AMT, (in English, the Metropolitan transportation agency), the umbrella organization that plans, integrates, and coordinates public transportation services across this region. ...


The area was originally considered as the site for Expo 67 (See "Did You Know"). The 1967 International and Universal Exposition, or simply Expo 67 was the General Exhibition Category 1 Worlds Fair held in Montreal, Quebec, Canada from April 27 to October 29, 1967. ...


Mount Royal Park

The view of downtown Montreal from the Kondiaronk Belvedere and the Chalet du Mont Royal in winter
The view of downtown Montreal from the Kondiaronk Belvedere and the Chalet du Mont Royal in winter

The mountain is the site of Mount Royal Park (officially Parc du Mont-Royal), one of Montreal's largest greenspaces. The park, most of which is wooded, was designed by Frederick Law Olmsted, who also designed New York's Central Park, and inaugurated in 1876. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (5555x1952, 2566 KB) Summary A view of the Chalet du Mont Royal overlooking downtown Montreal. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (5555x1952, 2566 KB) Summary A view of the Chalet du Mont Royal overlooking downtown Montreal. ... Greenspace is a term used to describe the areas in a city or dense suburb where plants are growing. ... Frederick Law Olmsted (April 26, 1822 – August 28, 1903) was a United States landscape architect, famous for designing many well-known urban parks, including Central Park and Prospect Park in New York City. ... Midtown Manhattan, looking north from the Empire State Building, 2005 New York City (officially named the City of New York) is the most populous city in the state of New York and the entire United States. ... Central Park is a large public, urban park (843 acres or 3. ... An inauguration is a ceremony of formal investiture whereby an individual assumes an office or position of authority. ... 1876 (MDCCCLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ...


The park contains two belvederes, the more prominent of which is the Kondiaronk Belvedere, a semicircular plaza with a chalet, overlooking downtown Montreal. Other features of the park are Beaver Lake, a small man-made lake; a short ski slope; a sculpture garden; Smith House, an interpretive centre; and a well-known monument to Sir George-Étienne Cartier. The park hosts athletic, tourist, and cultural activities. Belvedere (occasionally Belvidere) is an architectural term adopted from the Italian (literally fair view), which refers to any architectural structure sited to take advantage of such a view. ... Chalet A chalet (pronounced ), also called Swiss chalet, is a type of building in the Alpine region made of wood. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Central business district. ... A man-made lake in Keukenhof, Netherlands A lake is a body of water or other liquid of considerable size contained on a body of land. ... Alpine skier carving a turn on piste Members of the U.S. Air Force skiing (and snowboarding) at Keystone Resorts 14th Annual SnoFest Downhill Ski Racing This article is about snow skiing. ... Warmwell artificial ski slope in Dorset, U.K. (Snowflex) Artificial ski slopes or dry ski slopes are ski slopes that mimic the attributes of snow using materials that are stable at room temperature, to enable people to ski on them. ... The Esplanade Ernest-Cormier, a sculpture garden in Montreal, with Melvin Charneys work Colonnes allégoriques. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Hon. ...


The lush forest was badly damaged by the Ice Storm of 1998, but has since largely recovered. The forest is a green jewel rising above downtown Montreal, and is known for its beautiful autumn foliage as well as extensive hiking and cross-country ski trails. Biking is restricted to the main gravel roads. A forest is an area with a high density of trees (or, historically, a wooded area set aside for hunting). ... 1Maximum snowfall or ice accretion The Ice Storm of 1998 (also known as Ice Storm 98) was a massive ice storm that struck eastern Canada, New England, and Northern New York in January of that year. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... “Foliage” redirects here. ...


Once, the Mount Royal Railway, a funicular railroad, brought sightseers to its peak. [1] Unfortunately, that attraction has long since vanished and a roadway named for longtime but controversial former mayor Camillien Houde -- jailed during the Second World War for his opposition to Canada's war effort -- now bisects the mountain. Angels Flight, Los Angeles, California with gantlet track configuration Duquesne Incline, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania with full length parallel tracks The Gütschbahn in Lucerne, Switzerland – from an 1893 guidebook A funicular, also called funicular railway, inclined railway, inclined plane, or, in the United Kingdom, a cliff railway, is a system of... Camillien Houde on the cover of Time Magazine, August 5, 1946. ... Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ...


The park, cemeteries, and several adjacent parks and institutions have been combined in the Arrondissement historique et naturel du Mont-Royal (Mount Royal Natural and Historical District) by the government of Quebec, in order to legally protect the rich cultural and natural heritage of this region. It is the only place in Quebec to have the combined status of an arrondissement naturel and arrondissement historique.


Jeanne Mance Park

Facing the mountain across Parc Avenue is Jeanne Mance Park (Parc Jeanne-Mance), formerly known as Fletcher's Field. [2] A popular recreational area, Jeanne Mance Park features an artificially surfaced field for soccer and football, tennis courts, two baseball diamonds, a kiddie pool, playground, beach volleyball courts and a community composting facility. Parc Avenue (in English Park Avenue) was once one of Montreals most elegant residential avenues, now a busy commercial street, Park Avenue became home to the Greek community and its restaurants and pastry shops in the 1950s. ... A baseball field is a playing field used for baseball. ... Beach volleyball is not popular sport in which two teams, positioned on either side of a net, hit a ball back and forth over the net, usually using the hands or arms. ... [[Image:Compost Heap. ...


Transmission towers

The park is also home to the CBC's Mount Royal transmitter facility, which comprises two large buildings (one used primarily by the CBC and one used by the private television stations) and a very short (about 100 m) candelabra tower, from which nearly all of Montreal's television and FM radio stations broadcast. Because of the close proximity of this tower to public areas of the park, in recent years significant concerns have been raised about radio-frequency radiation exposure; at several points formerly accessible to park users near the tower, radiation was found to be significantly higher than that permitted for the general public.[citation needed] The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), a Canadian crown corporation, is the country’s national public radio and television broadcaster. ... A television station is a type of broadcast station that broadcasts both audio and video to television receivers in a particular area. ... Candelabra is a large decorative candlestick having several arms or branches. ... FM radio is a broadcast technology invented by Edwin Howard Armstrong that uses frequency modulation to provide high-fidelity sound over broadcast radio. ...


Adjacent landmarks

Outside the park, Mount Royal's slopes are also home to such Montreal landmarks as St. Joseph's Oratory, Canada's largest church; McGill University and its teaching hospitals, including the Royal Victoria Hospital and Montreal General Hospital; McGill's Molson Stadium, home to the CFL's Montreal Alouettes; the Université de Montréal; the Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal; and some well-off residential neighbourhoods such as Upper Westmount and Upper Outremont. St. ... McGill University is a publicly funded, co-educational research university located in the city of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. ... The Royal Victoria Hospital at 687 Pine Avenue West in Montreal, Quebec, Canada was established in 1893, through the financial contributions of two Scottish immigrants, Donald Smith and George Stephen. ... The Montreal General Hospital is a hospital in Montreal, Canada, first established on May 1, 1819 and an early teaching hospital. ... The Percival Molson Memorial Stadium is a stadium owned by McGill University and is the home of the Montreal Alouettes and the McGill Redmen. ... Lions Stampeders Eskimos Roughriders Blue Bombers Tiger-Cats Argonauts Alouettes The Canadian Football League (CFL), also known by its French name, Ligue canadienne de football (LCF), is a professional sports league located in Canada that plays Canadian football, and is the second most popular sports league in Canada. ... The Montreal Alouettes (French: Alouettes de Montréal) are a Canadian Football League team based in Montreal, Quebec. ... The Université de Montréal (UdeM) (translated into English commonly as (the) University of Montreal) is one of six universities in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. ... LÉcole Polytechnique de Montréal is an engineering school located in Montreal, Quebec. ... Westmount is a city in southwestern Quebec, Canada on the Island of Montreal, an enclave of the city of Montreal; pop. ...


Cemeteries

There are two cemeteries in the area: Notre-Dame-des-Neiges Cemetery (Catholic), Mount Royal Cemetery (non-denominational but primarily Protestant, and including several small Jewish cemeteries) -- all of which are now running out of space [3]. Front entrance, Cimetière Notre-Dame-des-Neiges Founded in 1854, Cimetière Notre-Dame-des-Neiges is a 343-acre (1. ... Opened in 1852, Mount Royal Cemetery is a 165-acre (668 000 m²) terraced cemetery on the north slope of Mount Royal in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. ...


Mount Royal's Tam-Tams

Mount Royal's Tam-Tam gathering

Mount Royal hosts a popular activity in summer time known as the "Sunday Tam-Tams", whereby a number of Montrealers and visitors play hand drums ("tam-tams" in French) such as djembes on the east slope of the mountain, around the monument to Sir George-Étienne Cartier. The Sunday gatherings attract people of various backgrounds, and often dozens of tam-tam players perform their art at the same time, encouraging others to dance. In addition, many children and adults participate in a continuous mock medieval battle with foam-padded weapons. Mtls tam-tams sunday afternoon, near the main Tam-Tams area. ... Mtls tam-tams sunday afternoon, near the main Tam-Tams area. ... A mass-produced djembe (Acousticon shell) A basic student djembe A Djembe (pronounced jem bay) also known as djimbe, jenbe, jembe, yembe or sanbanyi in Susu; is a skin covered hand drum, shaped like a large goblet, and meant to be played with bare hands. ... George-Étienne Cartier The Honourable Sir George-Étienne Cartier, KBE, PC (September 6, 1814 – May 20, 1873) was a French-Canadian statesman and Father of Confederation. ...


The origins of this spontaneous gathering are unknown, and it is not organized by the municipal authorities. Despite initial resistance by participants, the city now intervenes in the event, restricting commercial activity to registered members in designated areas and assigning police and first aid technicians to ensure the safety of those present. Although initially controversial in light of the event's communal and countercultural vibe (and permissive attitude towards marijuana use) the police presence has not led to conflict. First aid is a series of simple, life-saving medical techniques that a non-doctor or layman can be trained to perform. ...


Gallery

External links


  Results from FactBites:
 
MICA | Academic Programs | Graduate Programs (310 words)
Mount Royal students are expected to locate themselves at the center of their education and take advantage of the many opportunities available at MICA and the major metropolitan centers of the northeast.
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