Mukamlar, plural mukam is a term for bodies of musical repertoire for the Turkmen dutar, two-stringed lute or tüÿdük, an end-blown flute. Mukumlar represents the most important repertoires in the Turkmen classical tradition after the baksy songs. There are several mukamlar for each instrument; instrumentalists may disagree on the number. There are, however, five dutar pieces ackowledged to form the core of this repertoire: Goñurbaş mukamy, Gökdepe mukamy, Erkeklik mukamy, Aÿralyk mukamy and Mukamlarbaşy. The latter two may be compared to that of a level for virtuosos. Music is an art, entertainment, or other human activity which involves organized and audible sound, though definitions vary. ... The dutar (Also dotar or doutar) is a traditional long-necked two-stringed lute found in Central Asia. ... The lute is a plucked string instrument with a fretted neck and a deep round back. ... The flute is a musical instrument of the woodwind family. ... Turkmen music is nomadic and rural, and is closely related to Kyrgyz and Kazakh folk forms. ... A virtuoso (from the Latin virtus meaning: skill, manliness, excellence) is an individual who possesses outstanding mechanical ability at operating a musical instrument. ...

Despite their similar namings, the similarity when when comparing Turkmen mukam and the Arabic classical tradition of maqam, together with Uzbek shashmakom and Azerbaijani makom, is quite small. There are no intrinsic musical similarities. However, there are certain links, in terms of modality and technique, between the Turkmen and Kazak dutar and dombra repertoire. In Arab music a maqam [sic] (plural maqamat) is, a technique of improvisation that defines the pitches, patterns, and development of a piece of music and which is unique to Arabian art music. ... In music, modality is the subject concerning certain diatonic scales known as modes (e. ...