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Mugger redirects here—mugger may also refer to Mugger Crocodile

Mugging is a type of street robbery, in which the perpetrator (the mugger) accosts the victim in a public place, such as a sidewalk, street or parking lot, and demands money and/or valuables through the use of force or fear. The robber will typically threaten to use a weapon such as a gun or knife, but mugging can also involve physically beating or killing the victim. Mugging differs from theft in its use of violence or intimidation. Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wiktionary (from wiki and dictionary) is a multilingual, Web-based project to create a free content dictionary, available in over 150 languages. ... Binomial name Crocodylus palustris Lesson, 1831 Distribution of Crocodylus palustris The Mugger Crocodile (Crocodylus palustris), also called the Iranian, Marsh, or Persian Crocodile (in Persian گاندو Gandu), is found throughout the Indian subcontinent and the surrounding countries (India, Pakistan; in Pakistans coastal regions of the Makran and delta marshlands of... Everyday instance of theft: the bike which fits on this wheel has disappeared. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Intimidation is generally used in the meaning of criminal threatening. ...

The crime of mugging and its history

The term 'mugging' gained its current popularity in the United States, with New York infamously described in the 1970s as 'the mugging capital of America'. However, the crime is as old as history and among other things has been known as highway robbery, purse-snatching, or footpadding (which could be surreptitious or violent). In Victorian times the targets were wallets and gold watches, but in the US there was a big increase in reported street robberies and handbag snatches from the 1960s onwards as new consumer items became popular. In England the fashion for mugging either arose or gained popularity through many social factors in the late seventies and eighties, and became a cultural phenomenon among some urban youths. In some cultures, there was perceived to be a growing tendency for young males to steal from other young males. The principal targets became valuable and popular accessories like portable audio devices, cameras, laptop comuters, mobile phones, and other items that can be quickly and easily resold. Excitement, status, and gang initiation are undoubtedly important motives too. In larger United States cities and in the United Kingdom, the news media report and cover muggings as a crime trend, and some observers blamed the news media for a moral panic in England from the early 1970s at a time when “newspaper reporting of mugging(s) emerged and became increasingly sensational”^[1] Nonetheless, as recorded crime statistics, insurance claims, and national crime surveys all show, street robberies remained a growing problem until they peaked at about the turn of the millennium. In many cases victims die from heart attack or stroke when they struggle with assailants, through falling from moving buses or under vehicles, being knocked to the ground and hitting their heads on the sidewalk, being stabbed or shot, or beaten with blunt force. More frequently than death, mugging victims sustain lifetime dermatological scarring, facial, cranial, and maxillofacial trauma as well as orthopedic injuries which affect some level of disability, and impact labor and life activites. Motto (French) God and my right Anthem God Save the King (Queen) England() – on the European continent() – in the United Kingdom() Capital (and largest city) London (de facto) Official languages English (de facto) Government Constitutional monarchy  -  Queen Queen Elizabeth II  -  Prime Minister Tony Blair MP Unification  -  by Athelstan 967  Area... A moral panic is a reaction by a group of people based on the false or exaggerated perception that some cultural behavior or group, frequently a minority group or a subculture, is dangerously deviant and poses a menace to society. ...

Risk factors for victimization

-Conspicuous display by sidewalk pedestrians of resellable consumer items or indications thereof such as white iPod headphones. iPod (fifth generation) in Apple Universal Dock, iPod nano (second generation) and iPod shuffle (second generation) iPod is a brand of portable media players designed and marketed by Apple and launched in 2001. ...

-Preoccupation of sidewalk pedestrians by certain activities such as talking on a mobile phone. This activity is seen as a particular risk factor because the victim is distracted by the conversation, typically has compromised hearing and peripheral vision, and is conspicuously displaying a resellable item that can be quickly and easily converted to cash.

Mugger Modus Operandi

Some muggers operate alone. Others work sidewalks as a group of assailants, that many refer to as a wolfpack due to the simailarites to canine behavior and hunting technique. The wolfpack technique serves multiple purposes. At the moment of the incident the presence of multiple assailants first deters a solo victim from physically retaliating. Several wolfpack muggers dressed substantially similar can confuse a victim from making proper suspect identification at a police lineup if the perpetrators are arrested. Following the incident, several wolfpack muggers dressed substantially similar can also split up stolen merchandise and travel in different directions following their crimes to avoid police identification and arrest. Wolfpack may refer to: Wolf pack, a system of submarine warfare used by the United States Navy and Germany during World War II WolfPack, a US program to counter enemy radar Wolfpack (game), a submarine computer game Wolfpack, a US Navy fighter squadron (1972-1993) Wolfpack (comics), a Marvel Comics...

In many United States cities, muggers wear disguises integrated into clothing and accessories, such as hooded sweatshirts or hoodies. Others wear gradient lens glasses or stunner shades as a nighttime fashion accessory. Caps, and hats also serve as a change of disguise. As of 2006 and 2007, ski masks and balaclavas are making a comeback as a popular fashion accessory in some circles. As a basic operations technique, muggers attempt to blend into their surroundings as much as possible to aviod police detection following their crimes. To this extent many wear the local clothing style dejour. To the extent to which most other persons in their age group wear jeans, the mugger will also wear jeans, if most others wear white t-shirts and caps, the mugger will also wear such clothing to blend in and frustrate efforts to identify them. Most muggers that carry handguns will wear baggy and oversize clothing to avoid their gun "printing" through their clothing. 4XXL and 6XXL T-Shirts are not an uncommon size for a lean young mugger to wear to avoid having a gun print through his clothes. Many muggers will wear large jackets for the large pockets they feature to conceal stolen pocketbooks and other stolen personal items. Backpacks and "shopping" bags can also serve to conceal a purse until it can be ransacked, plundered, and ditched several blocks from the site of the mugging. A hoody (sometimes also spelled hoodie) is a pullover sweatshirt with a hood. ... Different ways of wearing a balaclava. ...

Most muggers prefer dark areas as they serve the dual purpose of providing cover so that police and passerby will not notice their crimes. The dark lighting also serves to mitigate the victims ability to obseve and remember the mugger for later positive identification. Some muggers will kill their victims if they resist or attempt to resist the mugging.

Victim countermeasures

As self-defense measures, many victims carry powerful whistles, bright flashlights, to call attention to themselves. In some countries, others carry and train to use knives and other edged weapons and concealed handguns, as equalizers against younger, larger, and more physically powerful muggers. Others train in the martial arts to use their bodies as powerful self-defense weapons capable of deadly force if necessary to overcome a mugger. Still others focus on running and sprinting training and wear appropriate running shoes at all times to outrun muggers. A whistle is a one-note woodwind instrument which produces sound from a stream of forced air. ... traditional Norse knife A knife is a sharp-edged hand tool used for cutting. ... A handgun is a firearm small enough to be carried and used in one hand. ... Deadly force or shoot to kill is that level of force which is inherently likely to cause death or great bodily injury. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Sprints are races where the runner tries to go as fast as humanly possible. ... shoe for right foot A shoe is a piece of footwear for humans, less than a boot and more than a slipper. ...

A less recognized choice many make is their place of residence, shopping, and business. They choose to live in a "safer" area in the belief they can isolate themselves from muggings this way. Many also choose a method of transportation that minimizes the possibility of mugging. Many urban dwellers ride bicycles to avoid being mugged while walking among other purposes. Others believe private cars will protect them. Choice consists of that mental process of thinking involved with the process of judging the merits of multiple options and selecting one for action. ... A residence may be a house, a place to live, like a nursing home. ... Shopping is the purchase of goods and services from retailers. ... Wall Street, Manhattan is the location of the New York Stock Exchange and is often used as a symbol for the world of business. ... This mountain bicycle features oversized tires, a sturdy frame, front shock absorbers, and handlebars oriented perpendicular to the bikes axis Bicycle may also refer to Bicycle Playing Cards. ... Cars can refer to: Cars (film), a Disney/Pixar movie released in 2009 Cars may also refer to gayness like mikey montoya or karli montoya (age 12) ...

Law enforcement abatement strategies

In the United States many law enforcement agencies routinely conduct robbery surveillance operations often involving undercover police officers posing as decoys. In the United Kingdom, surveillance cameras monitoring public areas are more common than in the United States and are in part intended to have a deterrent effect.

Criminal prosecution

In many of the United States,mugging or street robbery is generally legally considered to be the felonious taking of money, personal property, or any other article of value, in the posession of another, from his person, or immediate presence, and against his will, accomplished by means of force or fear. A person is also generally guilty of robbery if in the course of committing a theft, he inflicts serious bodily injury upon another or threatens another with serious bodily injury.

In many of the United States muggings or street robberies are prosecuted as felonies with penalties of victim restitution and incarceration, with lifetime incarceration, without parole, for the third felony conviction pursuant to the three strikes laws. For the record label, see Felony Records The term felony is a term used in common law systems for very serious crimes, whereas misdemeanors are considered to be less serious offenses. ... Three Strikes is a black & white comic book series from Oni Press written by Nunzio DeFilippis and Christina Weir, featuring art by Brian Hurtt. ...

Popular culture

The mugger is a popular character in fiction.

• In the film Flower Drum Song, the only part for a caucasian is that of a mugger, symbolizing one aspect of American values.

Flower Drum Song was originally a novel by Chinese American author C.Y. Lee. ...

Reference

1. ^ Hale, D. (1998). Popular Culture, Crime and Justice. Wadsworth Publishing Company, California.