Mughal architecture is the distinctive style of Islamic, Persian and Indian architecture, developed by the Mughal Empire in India in the 16th century. the interior of the Selimiye Mosque in Edirne. ... Naghsh-i Jahan Square, Isfahan, is the second largest square in the world and arguably the gem of Persian architectural masterpieces. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The Mughal Empire at its greatest extent. ... (15th century - 16th century - 17th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 16th century was that century which lasted from 1501 to 1600. ...

Early Mughal architecture

The Mughal dynasty began with the emperor Babur in 1526. Babur erected a mosque at Panipat to celebrate hs victory over Ibrahim Lodi. A second mosque, known as the Babri masjid, was build in Ayodhya, and demolished by a Hindu mob in 1992. Zāhir ud-DÄ«n Mohammad, commonly known as Bābur (February 14, 1483 – December 26, 1530) (Chaghatay/Persian: ‎ , Hindi: ज़हिर उद-दिन मुहम्मद; also spelled ), was a Muslim Emperor from Central Asia who founded the Mughal dynasty of India. ... January 14 - Treaty of Madrid. ... Panipat is a historic as well as an ancient city in the Panipat District in Haryana state, India, The city has a population of 216,000. ... Ibrahim Lodi (died April 21, 1526) was the last ruler of the Delhi Sultanate. ... A view of the Babri Mosque, circa pre-1992. ... Ayodhya   (Hindi: अयोध्या, Urdu: ایودھیا IAST Ayodhyā) is an ancient city of India, the old capital of Awadh, in the Faizabad district of Uttar Pradesh. ...

Some of the first and most characteristic examples that remain of early Mughal architecture were built in the short reign (1540–1545) of emperor Sher Shah Suri, who was not a Mughal; they include a mosque known as the Qila i Kuhna (1541) near Delhi, and the military architecture of the Old Fort in Delhi and Rohtas Fort, near Jhelum in present-day Pakistan. His mausoleum, octagonal in plan and set upon a plinth in the middle of an artificial lake, is in Sasaram, and was completed by his son and successor Islam Shah Suri (1545-1553)He For the recipient of the Victoria Cross see Sher Shah (VC). ... For other uses, see Delhi (disambiguation). ... Exterior of Purana Qila in Delhi The Old Fort, also known as the Purana Qilah or Purana Qila in Hindi, is one of the most famous monuments in Delhi, India. ... Entrance to the Rohtas Fort Rohtas Fort in Pakistan is situated approximately 3 miles west off the Grand Trunk Road from Dina, near Jhelum in Punjab, Pakistan. ... Jhelum or Jehlum may mean: Jhelum River in India and Pakistan Jhelum City in Punjab, Pakistan Jhelum District in Punjab, Pakistan This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same title. ... Sasaram is the administrative headquarters of Rohtas district, Bihar state, India. ... Islam Shah Suri was the second ruler of Sur dynasty. ...

Akbar

The emperor Akbar (1556-1605) built largely, and the style developed vigorously during his reign. As in the Gujarat and other styles, there is a combination of Muslim and Hindu features in his works. Akbar constructed the royal city of Fatehpur Sikri, located 26 miles west of Agra, in the late 1500s. The numerous structures at Fatehpur Sikri best illustrate the style of his works, and the great mosque there is scarcely matched in elegance and architectural effect; the south gateway is well known, and from its size and structure excels any similar entrance in India. The Mughals built impressive tombs, which include the fine tomb of Akbar's father Humayun, and Akbar's tomb at Sikandra, near Agra, which is a unique structure of the kind and of great merit. Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar (Persian: جلال الدین محمد اکبر), (alternate spellings: Jellaladin, Celalettin) also known as Akbar the Great (Akbar-e-Azam) (October 15, 1542 – October 27, 1605) was the son of Nasiruddin Humayun whom he succeeded as ruler of the Mughal Empire from 1556 to 1605. ... Islam (Arabic: ; ( â–¶ (help· info)), the submission to God) is a monotheistic faith, one of the Abrahamic religions and the worlds second-largest religion. ... This article discusses the adherents of Hinduism. ... View across Fatehpur Sikri Fatehpur Sikri (Hindi: ) was the political capital of Indias Mughal Empire under Akbars reign, from 1571 until 1585, when it was abandoned, ostensibly due to lack of water. ... Agra   (Hindi: , Urdu: ‎), (IPA: ) is a medevial city on the banks of the Yamuna River in India. ... The decade of years from 1500 to 1509, inclusive. ... Humayuns tomb is a complex of buildings of Mughal architecture located in Nizamuddin East, New Delhi. ... Sikandra is a town and a nagar panchayat in Kanpur Dehat district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. ...

Jahangir

Tomb of Itimad-ud-Daula, Agra

Under Jahangir (1605–1627) the Hindu features vanished from the style; his great mosque at Lahore is in the Persian style, covered with enamelled tiles; his tomb nearby (1630-1640) was made a quarry of by the Sikhs from which to build the Golden Temple at Amritsar. At Agra, the tomb of Itimad-ud-Daula completed in 1628, built entirely of white marble and covered wholly by pietra dura mosaic, is one of the most splendid examples of that class of ornamentation anywhere to be found. Jahangir also built the Shalimar Gardens and its accompanying pavilions on the shore of Dal Lake in Kashmir. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2886x1924, 1911 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Mughal architecture Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2886x1924, 1911 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Mughal architecture Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to... Nuruddin Jahangir (Persian: نور الدین جہھانگر) (August 31, 1569 – October 28, 1627) was the ruler of the Mughal Empire from 1605 until 1627. ... Lahore (Urdu: لاہور) is the capital of the province of Punjab, and the second most populated city in Pakistan, also known as the Gardens of the Mughals or City of Gardens, after the significant rich heritage of the Mughal Empire. ... A Sikh man wearing a turban The adherents of Sikhism are called Sikhs. ... The Golden Temple The Golden Temple is also known as Harmandir Sahib or Hari Mandir by the Sikhs. ... Amritsar (Punjabi: ), meaning Pool of the Nectar of Immortality, is the administrative headquarter of the Amritsar District in Punjab, India. ... Agra   (Hindi: , Urdu: ‎), (IPA: ) is a medevial city on the banks of the Yamuna River in India. ... Pietra dura (Italian for hard stone) is marble inlaid with designs in precious or semi-precious stonework. ... The gardens were the inspiration for other gardens of the same name, notably the Shalimar Gardens (Lahore). ... sab bakwas hai Categories: India geography stubs | Jammu and Kashmir | Kashmir ... Kashmir (or Cashmere) may refer to: Kashmir region, the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent India, Kashmir conflict, the territorial dispute between India, Pakistan, and the China over the Kashmir region. ...

Shah Jahan

The force and originality of the style gave way under Shah Jahan (1627-1658) to a delicate elegance and refinement of detail, illustrated in the magnificent palaces erected in his reign at Agra and Delhi, the latter one the most exquisitely beautiful in India. The most splendid of the Mogul tombs, and the most renowned building in India, is the Taj Mahal at Agra, the tomb of Mumtaz Mahal, the wife of Shah Jahan. It is surrounded by a garden, as were almost all Moslem tombs. So also of the surpassingly pure and elegant Moti Masjid (Pearl Mosque) in the Agra Fort, all of white marble: these are among the gems of the style. The Jama Masjid at Delhi is an imposing building, and its position and architecture have been carefully considered so as to produce a pleasing effect and feeling of spacious elegance and well-balanced proportion of parts. In his works Shah Jahan presents himself as the most magnificent builder of Indian sovereigns. Shahbuddin Mohammed Shah Jahan (also spelled Shah Jehan, Shahjehan. ... View of the Agra Fort. ... The Delhi Fort, also known as the Red Fort, is one of the popular tourist destinations in Delhi. ... View of the Agra Fort. ... The Masjid-i-Jahan Numa The Masjid-i-Jahan Numa, commonly known as Jama Masjid of Delhi is the principal mosque of Old Delhi in India. ...

The Taj Mahal

Main article: Taj Mahal

The Taj Mahal, the "teardrop on eternity", was completed in 1648 by the emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal who died while giving birth to their 14th child. The extensive use of precious and semiprecious stones as inlay and the vast quantity of white marble required nearly bankrupted the empire. The Taj Mahal is completely symmetric other than the sarcophagus of Shah Jahan, which is placed off center in the crypt room below the main floor. This symmetry extended to the building of an entire mirror mosque in red sandstone, to complement the Mecca-facing mosque place to the west of the main structure. Taj Mahal The Tāj Mahal (Hindi: ) is a monument located in Agra, India, at 27° 1028. ... Taj Mahal The Tāj Mahal (Hindi: ) is a monument located in Agra, India, at 27° 1028. ... 1648 (MDCXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Saturday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... Artistic depiction of Mumtaz Mahal Mumtāz Mahal (Persian: ممتاز محل, meaning beloved ornament of the palace; pronunciation //) is the common nickname of Arjumand Banu Begum, who was born in April of 1593 in Agra, India. ... Stone sarcophagus of Pharaoh Merenptah Detail of a stone sarcophagus in the Istanbul Archeological Museum showing a hunting scene Anthropoid sarcophagus discovered at Cádiz A sarcophagus is a stone container for a coffin or body. ... The Masjid al-Haram in Mecca as it exists today A mosque is a place of worship for followers of the Islamic faith. ... This article is about the city in Saudi Arabia. ...

The Taj Mahal (1630-1653) in Agra, India and the Shalimar Garden (1641-1642) in Lahore, Pakistan, are two sites which are on the world heritage list of UNESCO. One can see the architectural similarities and the love for water that the Mughals expressed in many of their buildings. Some high resolution pictures of the Shalimar Gardens, Badshahi Mosque and Lahore Fort can be found here. The Black taj was to be made by shah jahan. Taj Mahal The Tāj Mahal (Hindi: ) is a monument located in Agra, India, at 27° 1028. ... Events February 22 - Native American Quadequine introduces Popcorn to English colonists. ... Events February 2 - New Amsterdam (later renamed New York City) is incorporated. ... The Shalimar Gardens, sometimes written Shalamar Gardens, were built by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan in Lahore, Pakistan. ... Events The Long Parliament passes a series of legislation designed to contain Charles Is absolutist tendencies. ... Events January 4 - Charles I attempts to arrest five leading members of the Long Parliament, but they escape. ... Lahore (Urdu: لاہور) is the capital of the province of Punjab, and the second most populated city in Pakistan, also known as the Gardens of the Mughals or City of Gardens, after the significant rich heritage of the Mughal Empire. ... A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a specific site (such as a forest, mountain, lake, desert, monument, building, complex, or city) that has been nominated and confirmed for inclusion on the list maintained by the international World Heritage Programme administered by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee, composed of 21 State... UNESCO logo UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established in 1945. ...

The Taj is considered to be one of the most beautiful monuments of love and is one of the Seven Wonders of the World, when it comes to tourism. A monument is a structure built for commemorative or symbolic reasons rather than for any overtly functional use. ... The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World (from left to right, top to bottom): Great Pyramid of Giza, Hanging Gardens of Babylon, Temple of Artemis, Statue of Zeus at Olympia, Mausoleum of Maussollos, Colossus of Rhodes and the Lighthouse of Alexandria. ... Tourists at Oahu island, Hawaii Tourism is the act of travel for predominantly recreational or leisure purposes, and also refers to the provision of services in support of this act. ...

Aurangzeb and later Mughal architecture

In Aurangzeb's reign (1658–1707) squared stone and marble gave way to brick or rubble with stucco ornament. Srirangapatna and Lucknow have examples of later Indo-Muslim architecture. Stucco is a material made of an aggregate, a binder, and water which is applied wet, and hardens when it dries. ... Srirangapattana (also spelt Srirangapatna; anglecized to Seringapatam during the British Raj) is a town of great religious, cultural and historic importance located near the city of Mysore in the south Indian state of Karnataka. ... Lucknow   (Hindi: लखनऊ, Urdu: لكهنو, ) is the capital city of the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. ...

A view of the Taj Mahal, Agra, India

A view of a pavilion in Shalimar Garden, Lahore, Pakistan

Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2040x1681, 2396 KB) Description: Taj Mahal Source: Dhirad, picture edited by J. A. Knudsen Uploaded to en: on March 1, 2005, 14:30, by Deep750 who added the following comment On April 9, 2005, 19:22 Nichalp added that heemailed Deep750... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2040x1681, 2396 KB) Description: Taj Mahal Source: Dhirad, picture edited by J. A. Knudsen Uploaded to en: on March 1, 2005, 14:30, by Deep750 who added the following comment On April 9, 2005, 19:22 Nichalp added that heemailed Deep750... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2272x1712, 320 KB) Image Info: <-: Description: The Shalamar Garden :-> Closer view of the south wall pavilion near the main entrance on the first level. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2272x1712, 320 KB) Image Info: <-: Description: The Shalamar Garden :-> Closer view of the south wall pavilion near the main entrance on the first level. ...

Characteristic elements of Mughal architecture

• Jharokha
• Chhatri
• Chhajja
• Jali
• Guldasta
• Charbagh

Several jharokhas can be seen jutting out from the facade of this typical haveli at Jaisalmer, Rajasthan A jharokha (or jharoka) is a type of overhanging balcony used in Indian architecture, typically Mughal architecture and Rajasthani architecture. ... The Cenotaph, London Overview A cenotaph is a tomb or a monument erected in honor of a person or group of persons whose remains are elsewhere. ... The tomb of Salim Chishti in Fatehpur Sikri (India) exhibiting a deep chhajja following the perimeter of the building supported with elaborate brackets Chhajja is the term for projecting eaves or cover usually supported on large carved brackets, as used in Indian architecture (especially Mughal). ... One of the famous intricate jaalis from the Sidi Saiyyed mosque in Ahmedabad, India A jaali is the term for a perforated stone screen, usually with an ornamental pattern, as used in Indian architecture. ... Charbagh is a Mughal Empire style garden in Taj Mahal, divided into four parts. ...

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Mughal architecture

• Mughal gardens
• Jharokha
• Ebba Koch

Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... Wikimedia Commons logo by Reid Beels The Wikimedia Commons (also called Commons or Wikicommons) is a repository of free content images, sound and other multimedia files. ... Mughal Gardens are a group of styles in garden design which originate from the Islamic Mughal Empire. ... Several jharokhas can be seen jutting out from the facade of this typical haveli at Jaisalmer, Rajasthan A jharokha (or jharoka) is a type of overhanging balcony used in Indian architecture, typically Mughal architecture and Rajasthani architecture. ... Ebba Koch is an architectural historian, an art historian, and a cultural historian; presently she is a professor at the Institute of Art History in Vienna, Austria. ...

References

• This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.
• Keay, John (2000). India: a History. Grove Press, New York.

Encyclopædia Britannica, the 11th edition The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911) is perhaps the most famous edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica. ... The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge&#8212;writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others&#8212;in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ...

External links

• Fatehpur Sikri
• High Resolution Pictures - Mughal Architecture
• Mughal Gardens