Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab (b. 1703'Uyyainah العوينة, Najd, Arabia - d. 1792 al-Dir'yah) is the most famous scholar of the fundamentalist movement within Islam known as the Wahhabi movement and after whom the movement is named. He considered this movement an effort to purify Islam by returning all Muslims to what he believed were the original principles of Islam, as typified by the as-salaf as-saliheen, the earliest converts to Islam, by rejecting what he regarded as corruptions introduced by Bida (innovation,reformation) and Shirk (idolatry).
He also revived interest in the works of Ibn Taymiya; those who follow the "revival" that he advocated are often referred to as Salafis.
Ibn Abd Al-Wahhab was educated in Medina (part of modern Saudi Arabia), and travelled in Iraq and later, Iran. It was in Iran that he began preaching against the Sufi Muslims then predominant in the region.
After his return to Medina he wrote his Kitab at-tawhid[1] (http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/fundamentals/tawheed/abdulwahab/) (Arabic, "Book of Monotheism", 1736), which became a reference text for the Wahhabi sect of Islam. His teachings led to a controversy which resulted in him being expelled; he moved onto the city of Ad-Dir'iyah.
Alliance with Ibn Saud
An alliance between Ibn Abd al-Wahhab and Muhammad bin Saud caused Wahhabbism to spread in areas that Ibn Saud conquered.
Ibn Abd al-Wahhab is viewed as a reformer by those who follow the Wahhabi sect of Islam. Saudi Arabia's official religion is Islam according to Ibn Abd al-Wahhab's interpretation. Ibn Abd al-Wahhab's writings have also influenced the fundamentalist ideology of Takfir wal-Hijra.
Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab al-Tamimi (1703AD – 1792AD) (Arabic:محمد بن عبد الوهاب التميمى) was an Arab theologian born in the Najd, in present-day Saudi Arabia and the most famous scholar of the movement within Islam known as the Salafi movement.
Qabbani wrote two texts criticizing Ibn 'Abd Al-Wahhab, the Fasl al-Khitab fi Radd Dalalat Ibn Abd al-Wahhab ("the unmistakable judgement in the refutation of the delusions of Ibn Abd Al-Wahhab,") and the Kashf al-Hijab an Wadjh Dalalat Ibn al-Wahhab ("lifting the veil from the face of the delusions of Ibn al-Wahhab,").
To Western observers, the terms "Wahhabism" and "Wahhabi" have become synonymous terms for "Islamic extremism" and "Islamic extremist" due to the events of September 11, 2001, even though the salafi scholars refute this as being done by the salafis, because Osama Bin Laden was actually infulenced by Sayd Qutb, and not the 'Wahhabis'.
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