The Muktika canon of 108 Upanishads is headed by 10 Mukhya Upanishads. These are the ten oldest Upanishads, known to and commented upon by the 9th century scholar Shankara. Sanskrit mukhya means "principal", "chief", or "eminent". The ten Mukhya Upanishads probably all predate the Common Era, and they are accepted as shruti by all Hindus. They are listed with their associated Veda (ṚV, SV, ŚYV, KYV, AV): The Muktikā (deliverance) Upanishad is the final Upanishad of the Advaita canon of 108 texts, and it is itself the source of this canon. ... The Upanishads (; Devanagari ) are part of the Hindu Shruti scriptures which primarily discuss meditation and philosophy and are seen as religious instructions by most schools of Hinduism. ... This earthenware dish was made in 9th century Iraq. ... Shankara can refer to: Shiva, the Hindu god Adi Shankara, Hindu philosopher of around the year 800 This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Sanskrit ( संस्कृतम्) is an Indo-European classical language of India and a liturgical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism. ... The Common Era (CE), also known as the Christian Era and sometimes the Current Era, is the period of measured time beginning with the year 1 until the present. ... Shruti (Sanskrit श्रुति, what is heard) is a canon of Hindu scriptures. ... The Rigveda (Sanskrit: , a tatpurusha compound of praise, verse and knowledge) is a collection of hymns (, plural ) counted among the four Hindu religious texts known as the s, and contains the oldest texts preserved in any Indo-Iranian language. ... The Sama Veda (सामवेद), or Veda of Holy Songs, is third in the usual order of enumeration of the four Vedas, the ancient core Hindu scriptures. ... ... The Yajur Veda (Sanskrit (Devanagari ) from sacrifice + veda knowledge) is one of the four Hindu Vedas; it contains religious texts focussing on liturgy and ritual. ... The Atharva Veda is a sacred text of Hinduism, part of the four books of the Vedas. ...

1. Īṣa, (ŚYV) "The Inner Ruler"
2. Kena (SV) "Who moves the world?"
3. Kaṭha (KYV) "Death as Teacher"
4. Praṣna, (AV) "The Breath of Life"
5. Muṇḍaka (AV) "Two modes of Knowing"
6. Māṇḍūkya (AV) "Consciousness and its phases"
7. Taittirīya (KYV) "From Food to Joy"
8. Aitareya, (ṚV) "The Microcosm of Man"
9. Chāndogya (SV) "Song and Sacrifice"
10. Bṛhadāraṇyaka (ŚYV)

Linguistically, the oldest of these (Bṛhadāraṇyaka, Chāndogya) belong to the "Brahmana" period of Vedic Sanskrit, predating Panini. A middle layer (Kaṭha) belongs to the "Sutra" period of late Vedic Sanskrit, roughly contemporary with Panini, and the youngest are in early Classical Sanskrit, approximately contemporary with the Bhagavad Gita (roughly from the 4th century BC to the beginning of the Common Era). Ishavasya (pronounced Īshāvāsya) Upanishad , also called Ishopanishad is one of the smaller Upanishads but is probably the most often quoted Upanishad. ... Kena Upanishad, also known as Kenopanishad, is one of the top ten Upanishads among the sacred Hindu texts. ... The Kaá¹­ha Upanishad is one of the older, primary Upanishads commented upon by Shankara. ... Prashna Upanishad or Prashnopanishad belongs to Atharva Veda. ... Mundaka Upanishad is an Upanishad of the Atharva Veda. ... The Māṇḍūkya Upanishad is one of the older, primary Upanishads commented upon by Shankara. ... The Taittiriya Upanishad is one of the Upanishads associated to the taittiriya samhita of the Black Yajurveda. ... The Aitareya Upanishad is one of the older, primary Upanishads commented upon by Shankara. ... The Chandogya Upanishad belongs to the Sama Veda. ... The Upanishad is one of the older, primary (mukhya) Upanishads commented upon by Shankara. ... Vedic Sanskrit is the language of the Vedas, the earliest sacred texts of India. ... The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ... ... Bhagavad Gīta भगवद्गीता, composed ca the fifth - second centuries BC, is part of the epic poem Mahabharata, located in the Bhisma-Parva chapters 23–40. ... (5th century BC - 4th century BC - 3rd century BC - other centuries) (2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC - 1st millennium AD) // Events Invasion of the Celts into Ireland Battle of the Allia and subsequent Gaulish sack of Rome 383 BCE Second Buddhist Councel at Vesali. ... The Common Era (CE), also known as the Christian Era and sometimes the Current Era, is the period of measured time beginning with the year 1 until the present. ...

See also

• Samanya Vedanta Upanishads