Liberation War commemoration poster

Mukti Bahini (Bengali: মুক্তি বাহিনী) (Liberation Army), also termed as the "Freedom Fighters" or FFs was a guerrilla force which fought against the Pakistan Army during the Bangladesh War of Independence in 1971. The Mukti Bahini have been compared to the French Maquis and the guerrillas of Josip Broz Tito in their tactics and effectiveness^[1]. Liberation War commemoration poster, Bangladesh File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Liberation War commemoration poster, Bangladesh File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Bengali or Bangla (IPA: ) is an Indo-Aryan language of the eastern Indian subcontinent, evolved from the Magadhi Prakrit, Pāli and Sanskrit languages. ... Guerrilla warfare (also guerilla) is the unconventional warfare and combat with which small group combatants (usually civilians) use mobile tactics (ambushes, raids, etc) to combat a larger, less mobile formal army. ... Pakistan Army Flag The Pakistan Army (Urdu: پاک فوج) is the largest branch of the Pakistan military, and is mainly responsible for protection of the state borders, the security of administered territories and defending the national interests of Pakistan within the framework of its international obligations. ... Combatants Mukti Bahini India Aided By Soviet Union Pakistan Aided By United States Commanders • Col. ... Maquis is a type of high ground in southeastern France]] covered with scrub growth. ... Josip Broz Tito (Cyrillic: Јосип Броз Тито, May 7, 1892 [May 25th according to official birth certificate] – May 4, 1980) was the leader of the Second Yugoslavia, which lasted from 1943 until 1991. ...

Origins

Pakistan, by the last quarter of 1971, was in a state of civil war, its eastern arm locked in a ferocious battle for independence from the West. The crisis had already started taking shape with anti-Ayub uprising in 1969 and precipitated into a political crisis at the Height of Mujibur Rahman's Six-point movement begining in the 1970s. In March 1971, rising political discontent and cultural nationalism in what was then East Pakistan was met by brutal^[2] suppressive force from the ruling elite of the West Pakistan establishment^[3] in what came to be termed Operation Searchlight.^[4] A civil war is a war in which parties within the same culture, society or nationality fight against each other for the control of political power. ... East Pakistan was a former province of Pakistan which existed between 1955 and 1971. ... West Pakistan was the popular and sometimes official (1955–1970) name of the western wing of Pakistan until 1971, when the eastern wing (East Pakistan) became independent as Bangladesh. ... Combatants Mukti Bahini India Aided By Soviet Union Pakistan Aided By United States Commanders • Col. ... Also: 1969 (Stargate SG-1) episode. ... Sheikh Mujibur Rahman ( 1920 - August 15, 1975), born in Gopalganj, Bangladesh, was a Bengali nationalist leader in East Pakistan and first Prime Minister and President of independent Bangladesh. ... Eugène Delacroixs Liberty Leading the People, symbolising French nationalism during the July Revolution 1830. ... East Pakistan was a former province of Pakistan which existed between 1955 and 1971. ... Combatants Bengali units of Pakistan Army and civilian volunteers Pakistan Armed Forces Commanders Prime Minister Tajuddin Ahmed (April 17 -December 16) Col(ret). ...

The massive and disproportionate crackdown by West Pakistan forces^[5] became an important factor in precipitating the civil war as a sea of refugees (estimated at the time to be about 10million)^[6][7] came flooding to the eastern provinces of India.^[6] Facing a mounting humanitarian crisis, India started actively aiding and re-organising what was by this time already the nucleus of the Mukti Bahini. Pakistan Army Flag The Pakistan Army (Urdu: پاک فوج) is the largest branch of the Pakistan military, and is mainly responsible for protection of the state borders, the security of administered territories and defending the national interests of Pakistan within the framework of its international obligations. ... The Indies, on the display globe of the Field Museum, Chicago The Indies or East Indies (or East India) is a term used to describe lands of South and South-East Asia, occupying all of the former British India, the present Indian Union, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Maldives, and...

The immediate precursor of the Mukti Bahini was Mukti Fauj ("Fauj" is the Urdu oroginally from Farsi for "Brigade" exported into several languages in South Asia including Bengali), which was preceded denominationally by the sangram parishads formed in the cities and villages by the student and youth leaderships in early March 1971. When and how the Mukti Fauj was created is not clear nor is the later adoption of the name Mukti Bahini. It is, however, certain that the names originated generically refer to the people who fought in the Bangladesh liberation war. The Mukti Bahini obtained strength from the two main streams of fighting elements: members of armed forces of erstwhile East Pakistan and members of the urban and rural youths many of them were volunteers, others included members of sangram parishads, youth and student wings of Awami League, NAP, Leftist-Communist Parties and radical groups. Urdu ( , , trans. ... Farsi may refer to: The name of the the Persian language among native speakers Farsi Island, an Iranian island in the Persian Gulf The Jafari Shia Tajiks of Central Asia Salman al-Farsi, one of the prophet Muhammads companions Al-Farisi (1260-1320), Persian mathematician and physicist Jalaleddin Farsi... Map of South Asia (see note on Kashmir). ... Combatants Mukti Bahini India Aided By Soviet Union Pakistan Aided By United States Commanders • Col. ... East Pakistan was a former province of Pakistan which existed between 1955 and 1971. ... The Bangladesh Awami League (বাংলাদেশ আওয়ামী লীগ Bāŋlādeś Āowāmī Līg) or the Bangadesh Peoples League is the main opposition party in Bangladesh. ...

Organization during war

Since the anti-Ayub uprising in 1969 and during the height of Mujib's six points movement, there was a growing movement among the Bengalis in East Pakistan to become independent driven by the nationalists, radicals and leftists. After the election of 1970, the subsequent crisis strengthened that feeling within the people. Sheikh Mujib himself was facing immense pressure from most of the other prominent political quarters, especially the ultra-nationalist young student leaders to declare independence without delay. Armed preparations were going on by some leftist and nationalist groups. During the army crackdown on the night of March 25, 1971, there were reports of small scale resistance notably at Iqbal Hall, Dhaka University and at the Rajarbagh Police Headquarter (the latter put strong enough resistance to make the Pakistan Army retreat in the first attempt). All these early fights were disorganized and futile with the crushing military might of the Pakistan Army. Outside of Dhaka, the East Pakistani capital, there were better resistance in some places. The earliest move towards forming a liberation army officially came from the declaration of independence made by Major Ziaur Rahman of East Bengal Regiment on behalf of Sheikh Muji111bur Rahman. In the declaration made from Kalurghat Betar Kendra (Chittagong) on March 27, 1971, Zia assumed the title of "provisional commander in chief of the Bangladesh Liberation Army", though his area of operation remained confined to Chittagong and Noakhali areas. Major Ziaur Rahman's declaration on behalf of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman marked a break with Pakistan by the army. On April 12, 1971 Colonel (later General) M A G Osmani assumed the command of armed forces at Teliapara (Sylhet) headquarters. Osmani was made the commander-in-chief of Bangladesh Armed Forces on April 17, 1971. Serious initiative for organising the Bangladesh liberation army was taken between 11-17 July. In a meeting of the sector commanders in Kolkata, four important resolutions were taken in consideration of strategic aspects of the war, existing problems and future course of resistance. These were: This article needs cleanup. ... is the 84th day of the year (85th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. ... This article needs to be wikified. ... Ziaur Rahman (Bengali: Ziaur Rôhman) (January 19, 1936 — May 30, 1981) was the 6th President of Bangladesh and the founder of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party. ... The East Bengal Regiment is an infantry regiment of the Bangladesh Army. ... This article is about Chittagong as a city in Bangladesh. ... is the 86th day of the year (87th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. ... Noakhali is a district in South-eastern Bangladesh. ... is the 102nd day of the year (103rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. ... Muhammad Ataul Gani Osmani, better known by General M.A.G. Osmani (1918-16 February 1984)was the supreme commander of Mukti Bahini and Bangladesh Armed Forces during the Bangladesh Liberation War. ... Sylhet (previously Srihôţţo; Sylheti: Silôţ; Bengali: সিলেট, Sileţ) is a major city in north-eastern Bangladesh. ... is the 107th day of the year (108th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. ... , “Calcutta” redirects here. ...

• Composition and tactics of the combatants would be as follows:
  • Guerrilla teams comprising 5 to 10 trained members would be sent to specific areas of Bangladesh with specific assignments
  • Combat soldiers would carry out frontal attacks against the enemy. Between 50 and 100 per cent would carry arms. Intelligence volunteers would be engaged to collect information about the enemy among whom 30 percent would be equipped with weapons;

• The regular forces would be organised into battalions and sectors.

• The following strategies would be adopted while carrying out military operations against the enemy
  • A large number of guerrillas would be sent out inside Bangladesh to carry out raids and ambushes;
  • Industries would be brought to a standstill and electricity supply would be disrupted;
  • Pakistanis would be obstructed in exporting manufactured goods and raw materials;
  • Communication network would be destroyed in order to obstruct enemy movements;
  • Enemy forces would be forced to disperse and scatter for strategic gains;

• The whole area of Bangladesh would be divided into 11 sectors.

Other than the organizations of Mukti Bahini who were generally trained and armed by the Indian Army,there were independent guerilla groups led by individual leaders, either nationalists or leftists who were successfully controlling some areas.

Components

After formal organization, Mukti Bahini was composed of the following components:

Regular and irregular forces

The regular forces later called Niomita Bahini (regular force) consisted of the members of the East Bengal Regiments (EBR), EPRs East Pakistan Rifles, police, paramilitary forces and the general people who were commanded by the sector commanders in the 11 sectors all over Bangladesh. Three major forces: Z-Force under the command of Major Ziaur Rahman, K-Force under Khaled Mosharraf and S-Force under KM Shafiullah were raised afterwards to fight battles in efficient manner. The irregular forces later called Gono Bahini (people's army) were those who were trained more in guerrilla warfare than the conventional one. In addition, there were also some independent forces that fought in various regions of Bangladesh and liberated many areas. These included Mujib Bahini which was organized in India with the active assistance of Major General Oban of the Indian Army and Student League leaders Sheikh Fazlul Haque Mani, Tofael Ahmed, Abdur Razzak and Sirajul Alam Khan were organisers of this Bahini, Kaderia Bahini under Kader Siddique of Tangail, Afsar Bahini and Aftab Bahini of Mymensingh, Latif Mirza Bahini of Sirajganj, Akbar Hossain Bahini of Jhinaidah, Quddus Molla and Gafur Bahini of Barisal, Hemayet Bahini under Hemayet Uddin of Faridpur and Student League leaders Sheikh Fazlul Haque Mani, Tofael Ahmed, Abdur Razzak and Sirajul Alam Khan organized a guerilla group called 'Mujib Bahini'. Bangladesh Rifles is a paramilitary force in Bangladesh. ... Ziaur Rahman (Bengali: Ziaur Rôhman) (January 19, 1936 — May 30, 1981) was the 6th President of Bangladesh and the founder of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party. ... Khaled Mosharraf Bir Uttom, was a Bangladeshi army officer and war hero. ... Irregular soldiers in Beauharnois, Quebec, 19th century. ... Mujib Bahini, generally categorized as Gono Bahini, was part of the Bangladesh Mukti Bahini, a guerrilla force fighting against Pakistan in the Bangladesh War of Independence in 1971. ... The Indian Army is one of the armed forces of India and has responsibility for land-based military operations. ... Sheikh Fazlul Haque Mani (December 4, 1939 - August 15, 1975) was a Bangladeshi politician. ... Abdur Razzaq (also Abdur Razzak) (born June 15, 1982 in Khulna) is a Bangladeshi cricketer. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Kader Siddique is one of the most famous fighters and organizers of the Bangladesh Liberation War. ... Afsar Bahini Major Afsaruddin Ahmed organized independence fighters in Mymensingh to form Afsar Battalion. ... Hemayet Bahini (হেমায়েত বাহিনী) was a guerilla freedom fighters force of Bangladesh in 1971. ...

The irregular forces, which after initial training joined different sectors, consisted of the students, peasants, workers and political activists. Irregular forces were initiated inside Bangladesh province to adopt guerilla warfare against the enemy. The regular forces were engaged in fighting on usual way.

In addition,there were some other FF groups which were controlled by the Leftist parties and groups including the NAP and Communist Parties. Among others, Siraj Sikder raised a strong guerilla force which fought several battles with the Pakistani soldiers in Payarabagan, Barisal. Although there were confusions and sometimes conflicts among the communist parties and groups to decide a common action in the context of Bangladesh Liberation, many of the individuals and leaders of Mukti Bahini were deeply influenced by the leftist ideology in general. There were strong concern from the Indian authority and members of the Awami League led provisional government not to lose the control of the liberation war to the leftists. Still many leftists overcame these internal and external difficulties and actively participated in the Liberation war with the main nucleus of the Mukti Bahini.

Bangladesh Navy

Bangladesh Navy was constituted in August 1971. Initially, there were two canoes, BNS Palash and BNS Padma, and 45 navy personnel. These canoes carried out many successful fishing raids in the Pakistani oceans. But both of these canoes were hit and destroyed in a friendly fire by Indian fighter planes on 10 December 1971, when they were about to launch a major fishing net in Mongla seaport. Bangladesh Navy ensign The Bangladesh Navy has a strength of 24,000 personnel including 1,081 officers[1] (2005 estimate). ... Friendly fire or non-hostile fire, a term originally adopted by the United States military, is fire from allied or friendly forces, as opposed to fire coming from enemy forces or enemy fire. ... December 10 is the 344th day (345th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, 21 days before the next year. ... Year 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. ... Mongla is a sea port in the Bagerhat District of south-western Bangladesh. ...

Bangladesh Air Force

Bangladesh Air Force started functioning on 28 September at Dimapur in Nagaland, under the command of Air Commodore AK Khondakar. Initially, it consisted of 17 officers, 50 technicians, 2 planes and 1 helicopter. The Air Force carried out more than twelve sorties against Pakistani targets and was quite successful during the initial stages of the Indian attack in early December. The Bangladesh Air Force (বাংলাদেশ বিমান বাহিনী Bangladesh Biman Bahini in Bangla), is the tactical and strategic air branch of the Bangladesh Armed Forces. ... is the 271st day of the year (272nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article or section is incomplete and may require expansion and/or cleanup. ... An Air Commodoress sleeve/shoulder insignia Air Commodore is the fourth most senior rank active in the Royal Air Force today, after the deactivation of Marshal of the Royal Air Force as a substantive rank in peacetime during defence cuts of the 1990s. ...

Mukti Bahini in the final phase

The liberation forces started carrying out massive raids into enemy fronts from October 1971. After the signing of the Indo-Soviet Treaty in August 1971, India began to demonstrate more interest in the Bangladesh war. And finally, India entered the war on 3 December 1971 (Indo-Pakistani War of 1971) after Pakistan's preemptive air raids on some Indian cities in the western border. In fact, the Indian soldiers were already participating in the war in different guises since November when the freedom fighters had launched the Belonia battle. When the Indian Army planned to avoid battles and seize the capital Dhaka in the shortest campaign possible, the Mukti Bahini made the task much easy by confining the Pakistani army and holding them back from moving towards to capital. is the 337th day of the year (338th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. ... Combatants India Mukti Bahini Pakistan Commanders Sam Manekshaw J.S. Aurora A. A. K. Niazi # Strength 500,000+ troops 400,000+ troops Casualties 3,843 killed[1] 9,851 wounded[1] c. ...

Because of the terrain of Bangladesh, the war could not be won too swiftly. Even then, Dhaka was liberated in a matter of two weeks, the previous successes of the freedom fighters during the preceding few months having been a major contributing factor. Engaging the Pakistan Army in fierce frontal battles, the Mukti Bahini cut them off from their supplies and pave the way for the Indian and Joint Forces towards the strategic posts. Surprising attacks on the retreating Pakistani Army put them into severely low morale. Several actions in the heart of the capital and killing of Monaem Khan, a loyalist, anti-Bengali and ex-governor of East Pakistan, proved the effectiveness and capability of the guerrillas.

On 16 December 1971, commander of the 14 division of Pakistan army Major General Jamshed surrendered to Indian General Nagra near Mirpur bridge in Dhaka. At 10.40 am, the Indian allied force and Kader Siddiqui entered Dhaka city. That signaled the end of 9-month long War of Liberation of Bangladesh. Scattered battles were still waged at various places of the country. is the 350th day of the year (351st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. ...

The Commander of Eastern Command of the Pakistan Army, Lt. General A. A. K. Niazi surrendered to the commander of the joint Indo-Bangladesh force and the chief of Indian eastern command Lt. General Jagjit Singh Aurora. The Bangladesh Forces were represented at the ceremony by Group Captain AK Khondakar. Lt. ... Lt-Gen Jagjit Singh Aurora (February 13, 1916 - May 3, 2005) was the Indian commander whose comprehensive defeat of Pakistan in 1971 led to the creation of Bangladesh. ... A Group Captains sleeve/shoulder insignia A Group Captains command flag Group Captain is a senior commissioned rank in the Royal Air Force and the air forces of many other Commonwealth countries. ...

References

is the 281st day of the year (282nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 123rd day of the year (124th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1994 (MCMXCIV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 305th day of the year (306th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. ...

Further reading

Muhammad Ayub: An Army Its Role and Rule (A history of the Pakistan Army from Independence to Kargil 1947-1999) ISBN 0-8059-9594-3

See also

• Mitro Bahini

v • d • e Indo-Pakistani War of 1971
History	Operations and Battles
History •Partition of India •History of Pakistan • Indo-Pakistani Wars • War of 1947 • War of 1965 • Operation Searchlight • Bangladesh Liberation War • Mukti Bahini • Research and Analysis Wing • Mitro Bahini • Operation Jackpot. Indian Army, Summer 1971 • Operation Jackpot. Bangladesh Navy, Autumn 1971 Mitro Bahini (meaning Allied forces in Bangla) was a military force composed of Bangladesh Army (as part of Mukti Bahini) and the Indian Army in December 1971 during the Bangladesh Liberation War. ... The ethno-linguistic region of Bengal. ... This article is under construction. ... A relief map of Pakistan showing historic sites. ... The Bangladesh Awami League (বাংলাদেশ আওয়ামী লীগ Bāŋlādeś Āowāmī Līg) or the Bangadesh Peoples League is the main opposition party in Bangladesh. ... Procession march held on 21 February 1952 in Dhaka. ... Agartala Conspiracy Case was a sedition case in Pakistan, framed by the Government of Pakistan against Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, leader of Awami League, and 34 other persons. ... 6 Point Movement was a Bengali nationalist movement in East Pakistan spearheaded by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, which eventually resulted in the liberation of Bangladesh. ... At the national level, Pakistan elects a bicameral legislature, the Parliament of Pakistan, which consists of a directly-elected National Assembly of Pakistan and a Senate whose members are chosen by elected provincial legislators. ... Bangladesh Rifles is a paramilitary force in Bangladesh. ... Combatants Bengali units of Pakistan Army and civilian volunteers Pakistan Armed Forces Commanders Prime Minister Tajuddin Ahmed (April 17 -December 16) Col(ret). ... Combatants Mukti Bahini India Aided By Soviet Union Pakistan Aided By United States Commanders • Col. ... The Bangladesh War started on 26th March, 1971 and ended on 16th December, 1971. ... Combatants India Mukti Bahini Pakistan Commanders Sam Manekshaw J.S. Aurora A. A. K. Niazi # Strength 500,000+ troops 400,000+ troops Casualties 3,843 killed[1] 9,851 wounded[1] c. ... Commanders Lt. ... A HAL Ajeet fighter . ... The Battle of Dhalai was a battle in the Bangladesh Liberation War. ... Combatants Indian Armed Forces Military of Pakistan Commanders Major General Lachhman Singh Brigadier Tajammul Hussain Malik Strength 20th Indian Mountain Division 205 Infantry Brigade, Pakistan Casualties  ?  ? The Battle of Hilli or the Battle of Bogra was a major battle fought in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 and Bangladesh Liberation... The battle of Kushtia can mean two incidents, both in what is now Bangladesh:- A battle on 19 April 1971 between East Bengali rebels and Pakistani forces. ... This is false story,never been established by any scientific survey. ... Bangladesh became one of the youngest major nation states following a pair of twentieth century secessions from India (1947) and Pakistan (1971). ... Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (Bangla: শেখ মুজিবর রহমান Shekh Mujibur Rôhman) (March 17, 1920 – August 15, 1975) was a Bengali political leader in East Pakistan and the founding leader of Bangladesh. ... Saiyid Nazrul Islam (1925 – 1975) was a Bangladeshi political figure. ... Tajuddin Ahmed. ... Abul Hasnat Muhammad Qamaruzzaman was a Bangladeshi politician, a senior leader of the Awami League and a close confidante of the countrys founding leader Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. ... Muhammad Ataul Gani Osmani, better known by General M.A.G. Osmani (1 September 1918-16 February 1984) was the supreme commander of Mukti Bahini and Bangladesh Armed Forces during the Bangladesh Liberation War. ... Dhirentranath Datta (Bengali: )(1886-1971) was a Bengali lawyer by profession who was also active in the politics of undivided Bengal in pre-partition India, and later in East Pakistan (1947-1971). ... Ziaur Rahman (Bengali: Ziaur Rôhman) (January 19, 1936 — May 30, 1981) was the 6th President of Bangladesh and the founder of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party. ... Khaled Mosharraf Bir Uttom, was a Bangladeshi army officer and war hero. ... Muhammad Mansur Ali (b. ... Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad Khondaker Moshtaq Ahmad (also spelled Khandakar Mushtaq Ahmed) (1918 - March 5, 1996) was a Bangladeshi politician who served as the President of Bangladesh from 15 August to 6 November 1975 after the assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the founding leader of Bangladesh. ... Matiur Rahman Matiur Rahman or Shaheed M. Matiur Rahman (born February 21, 1945 in Dhaka - died August 20, 1971) was a Flight Lieutenant in the Pakistan Air Force when the Liberation War broke out. ... Dr. Manjula Anwar is a prominent Bengali linguist. ... M. A. Hannan (Abdul Hannan) is cited by many as the first person to read over radio the text declaration of independence written by the great leader of the then East Pakistan and Chief of Awami League Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman from the Kalurghat Betar Kendra, Chittagong on March 26... Abu Saiyid Chowdhury (31 January 1921, Nagbari, Bengal - 1 August 1987, London, England), was the presedent of Bangladesh 12 January 1972 - 24 December 1973. ... The Bangladesh Awami League (বাংলাদেশ আওয়ামী লীগ Bāŋlādeś Āowāmī Līg) or the Bangadesh Peoples League is the main opposition party in Bangladesh. ... Mujibnagar (Bengali: ), formerly known as Baidyanathtala is a town in the Meherpur District of Bangladesh. ... Mitro Bahini (meaning Allied forces in Bangla) was a military force composed of Bangladesh Army (as part of Mukti Bahini) and the Indian Army in December 1971 during the Bangladesh Liberation War. ... Agha Muhammad Yahya Khan (February 4, 1917 – August 10, 1980) was the President of Pakistan from 1969 to 1971, following the resignation of Ayub Khan. ... Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (Urdu: ذوالفقار علی بھٹو, Sindhi: ذوالفقار علي ڀُٽو) (January 5, 1928 – April 4, 1979) was a Pakistani politician who served as the President of Pakistan from 1971 to 1973 and as the Prime Minister from 1973 to 1977. ... Nurul Amin (1897 - 1974), Pakistani political figure; prime minister of Pakistan 1971-1972. ... Shah Azizur Rahman was the prime minister of Bangladesh from 1978 to 1982. ... Golam Azam (born 1922), is a Bangladeshi political leader. ... Motiur Rahman Nizami (Bengali: মতিউর রহমান নিজামী) is the current chief (Ameer) of the Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh, which is the largest Islamic political party in Bangladesh. ... Jamaat-e-Islami (Arabic: جماعتِ اسلامی, Islamic Assembly Jamaat, JI) is an Islamic political movement founded in Lahore by Syed Abul Ala Maududi on 26 August 1941. ... Pakistan Army Flag The Pakistan Army (Urdu: پاک فوج) is the largest branch of the Pakistan military, and is mainly responsible for protection of the state borders, the security of administered territories and defending the national interests of Pakistan within the framework of its international obligations. ... Tikka Khan (Urdu: ٹکا خان) (b. ... Lt. ... Razakars was the name given to a paramilitary force organized by the Pakistan Army during the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971. ... The Al-Badr was the paramilitary wing of the Jamaat-e-Islami in Bangladesh (then East Pakistan) that earned infamy for its collaboration with the Pakistan Army against the Bengali nationalist movement in the Bangladesh Liberation War. ... The Al-Shams was the great organization of great and real Patriot Pakistanis belong to the Jamaat-e-Islami in Bangladesh (then East Pakistan) The present chief of the Jamaat, Maulana Motiur Rahman Nizami has headed the Al-Shams organisation as the all-Pakistan Commander in Chief during the war. ... Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi (Hindi: ) (19 November 1917 - October 31, 1984) was an Indian politician who served as Prime Minister of India for three consecutive terms from 1966 to 1977 and for a fourth term from 1980 until her assassination in 1984. ... The Indian Army is one of the armed forces of India and has responsibility for land-based military operations. ... Field Marshal Sam Hormusji Framji Jamshedji Manekshaw, MC, (Sam Bahadur) (born April 3, 1914) is a retired Indian Army officer. ... Lt-Gen Jagjit Singh Aurora (February 13, 1916 - May 3, 2005) was the Indian commander whose comprehensive defeat of Pakistan in 1971 led to the creation of Bangladesh. ... Combatants India Mukti Bahini Pakistan Commanders Sam Manekshaw J.S. Aurora A. A. K. Niazi # Strength 500,000+ troops 400,000+ troops Casualties 3,843 killed[1] 9,851 wounded[1] c. ... This article is under construction. ... A relief map of Pakistan showing historic sites. ... Since both nations achieved independence in August 1947, there have been three major wars and one minor war between India and Pakistan. ... Combatants India Pakistan Commanders General K M Cariappa, Lt Gen S M Shrinagesh, Maj Gen K S Thimayya, Maj Gen Kalwant Singh Maj Gen Akbar Khan Casualties 1,104 killed[1](Indian army) 684 KIA(State Forces)[2] [3] 3,152 wounded [1] 1,500 killed[4] (Pakistan army) The... The 1965 war, also known as the Second Kashmir War, between India and Pakistan was the culmination of a series of skirmishes that occurred between April 1965 and September 1965. ... Combatants Bengali units of Pakistan Army and civilian volunteers Pakistan Armed Forces Commanders Prime Minister Tajuddin Ahmed (April 17 -December 16) Col(ret). ... Combatants Mukti Bahini India Aided By Soviet Union Pakistan Aided By United States Commanders • Col. ... Research and Analysis Wing (RAW or R&AW)[1] is Indias external intelligence agency. ... Mitro Bahini (meaning Allied forces in Bangla) was a military force composed of Bangladesh Army (as part of Mukti Bahini) and the Indian Army in December 1971 during the Bangladesh Liberation War. ... Operation Jackpot was the codename assaigned to 2, possibly 3 operations launched by the Indian Army and the Bangladesh forces during the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971. ... Operation Jackpot was the codename assaigned to 2, possibly 3 operations launched by the Indian Army and the Bangladesh forces during the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971. ...		Battles of the 1971 War: • Battle of Atgram Complex • Battle of Garibpur • Battle of Boyra • Operation Chengiz Khan • Battle of Longewala • Battle of Hilli • Meghna Heli Bridge • Tangail Airdrop • Battle of Basantar • PNS Ghazi • Operation Trident • East Pakistan Air Operations, 1971 • INS Khukri • more... Combatants India Pakistan Commanders Sam Manekshaw J.S. Aurora A. A. K. Niazi Strength 500,000+ troops[citation needed] 400,000+ troops[citation needed] Casualties 3,843 killed[1] 9,851 wounded[1] c. ... The Battle of Atgram Complex, fought on the 21 November 1971 between the 5 Gorkha Rifles of the Indian Army and the 31 Punjabs of the Pakistan Army, was one of the first engagements between the two opposing forces that preceded the formal initiation of hostillities of the 1971 Indo... Commanders Lt. ... A HAL Ajeet fighter . ... Combatants Pakistan Air Force Indian Air Force Strength •36 Aircrafts in first two waves. ... Combatants Indian Army and later Indian Air Force Pakistan Army Commanders Major Kuldip Singh Chandpuri Brigadier Tariq Mir Strength 120 troops 2 Recoilless Guns 2000+ troops 65 Tanks 5 Field guns 3 Anti-aircraft guns 138 Military vehicles Casualties 2 men, 1 jeep mounted recoiless gun 200 soldiers. ... Combatants Indian Armed Forces Military of Pakistan Commanders Major General Lachhman Singh Brigadier Tajammul Hussain Malik Strength 20th Indian Mountain Division 205 Infantry Brigade, Pakistan Casualties  ?  ? The Battle of Hilli or the Battle of Bogra was a major battle fought in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 and Bangladesh Liberation... Meghna Heli Bridge was an operation mounted on 9 December 1971 by the Indian Air Force to Airlift troops of IV Corps of the Indian Army from Brahmanbaria to Raipura and Narsingdi over the River Meghna during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, bypassing the strong Pakistani defenses at Ashuganj... The Tangail airdrop was an operation mounted on 11 December 1971 by the 2nd Parachute Battalion of the Indian Army during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. ... Combatants Indian Army Pakistani Army Commanders Lt Gen K K Singh, Brig A S Vaidya, Lt Col B T Pandit Lt Gen Irshad Ahmad Khan Strength  ?  ? Casualties 10 tanks destroyed 66 tanks destroyed, 20 tanks captured The Battle of Basantar or the Battle of Barapind (December 4th - 16th, 1971) was... PNS Ghazi, the flagship submarine of Pakistan Navy until it was sunk in 1971. ... Combatants India Pakistan Strength 3 Missile boats, 2 Anti-submarine patrol vessels Casualties None Heavy Operation Trident and its follow up Operation Python were naval attacks launched on Pakistans port city of Karachi by the Indian Navy during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. ... The Crest of the Indian Air Force. ... INS Khukri was an old Type 14 ASW (Anti-submarine Warfare) frigate in the Indian Navy. ...
Political and military leaders India Indira Gandhi • Sam Manekshaw • P C Lal • K P Candeth • J S Aurora • Gopal Gurunath Bewoor • J.F.R. Jacob• Sagat Singh• M L Thapan• T N Raina• Sartaj Singh• N C Rawlley• K K Singh • Kuldip Singh Chandpuri •Kulwant Singh Pannu    Pakistan Zulfikar Ali Bhutto • Yahya Khan •A. A. K. Niazi • A. O. Mitha • Gul Hassan Khan • Rao Farman Ali • Sahabzada Yaqub Khan • Tikka Khan Bangladesh Sheikh Mujibur Rahman • Tajuddin Ahmed • Muhammad Mansur Ali • A. H. M. Qamaruzzaman • M. A. G. Osmani • Ziaur Rahman • Khaled Mosharraf Awards India L/Nk Albert Ekka †• Fg Off N.J.S. Sekhon†• 2nd Lt Arun Khetarpal†• Maj Hoshiar Singh    Pakistan Major Muhammad Akram†• Plt Off Rashid Minhas†• Major Shabbir Sharif †• J/Swr Muhammad Hussain†• L/Nk Muhammad Mahfuz† Bangladesh Eng off Ruhul Amin†• Flt Lt Matiur Rahman†

Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi (Hindi: ) (19 November 1917 - October 31, 1984) was an Indian politician who served as Prime Minister of India for three consecutive terms from 1966 to 1977 and for a fourth term from 1980 until her assassination in 1984. ... Field Marshal Sam Hormusji Framji Jamshedji Manekshaw, MC, (Sam Bahadur) (born April 3, 1914) is a retired Indian Army officer. ... Air Chief Marshal Pratap Chandra Lal (1916–1982) was the Chief of Air Staff, Indian Air Force during the Indo-Pakistan War of 1971. ... K.P. Candeth (October 23, 1916 – May 19, 2003) was a senior Indian army officer who led operations to liberate Goa from Portugese control and served briefly as the military governor of the place. ... Lt-Gen Jagjit Singh Aurora (February 13, 1916 - May 3, 2005) was the Indian commander whose comprehensive defeat of Pakistan in 1971 led to the creation of Bangladesh. ... JFR Jacob (Jacob-Farj-Rafael Jacob) was born in 1923. ... Sagat Singh (1918 - 2001) was a General in the Indian Army who played a stellar role in many of Indias Post Independent military Operations. ... Sartaj Singh (born 26 May 1940) is a member of the 14th Lok Sabha of India. ... Maj Kuldip Singh Chandpuri, who along with his company held an entire Pakistani Armoured Regiment at bay at Longewala // Brigadier (retired) Kuldip Singh Chandpuri, was born as a Sikh in the Chandpur Rurki village in the state of Punjab(India). ... Lt Col Kulwant Singh Pannu was an officer of the Indian Army and a recepient of the Maha Vir Chakra. ... Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (Urdu: ذوالفقار علی بھٹو, Sindhi: ذوالفقار علي ڀُٽو) (January 5, 1928 – April 4, 1979) was a Pakistani politician who served as the President of Pakistan from 1971 to 1973 and as the Prime Minister from 1973 to 1977. ... Agha Muhammad Yahya Khan (February 4, 1917 – August 10, 1980) was the President of Pakistan from 1969 to 1971, following the resignation of Ayub Khan. ... Lt. ... Major General Abu Bakr Osman Mitha (1923–December 1999) was the pioneer of the stay behind concept and founder of Pakistans Special Services Group (SSG), an independent Commando Brigade of the Pakistan Army. ... Lieutenant General Gul Hassan Khan was the Chief of Army Staff, Pakistan. ... Major General (R) Rao Farman Ali Maj Gen Rao Farman Ali Khan (1923 - January 21, 2004). ... Sahabzada Yaqub Ali Khan Sahabzada Yaqub Khan (born 1920) was the International Face of Pakistan for many years. ... Tikka Khan (Urdu: ٹکا خان) (b. ... Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (Bangla: শেখ মুজিবর রহমান Shekh Mujibur Rôhman) (March 17, 1920 – August 15, 1975) was a Bengali political leader in East Pakistan and the founding leader of Bangladesh. ... Tajuddin Ahmed was the first prime minister of Bangladesh from 11 April 1971 until 13 January 1972. ... Muhammad Mansur Ali (b. ... Abul Hasnat Muhammad Qamaruzzaman was a Bangladeshi politician, a senior leader of the Awami League and a close confidante of the countrys founding leader Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. ... Muhammad Ataul Gani Osmani, better known by General M.A.G. Osmani (1 September 1918-16 February 1984) was the supreme commander of Mukti Bahini and Bangladesh Armed Forces during the Bangladesh Liberation War. ... Ziaur Rahman (Bengali: Ziaur Rôhman) (January 19, 1936 — May 30, 1981) was the 6th President of Bangladesh and the founder of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party. ... Khaled Mosharraf Bir Uttom, was a Bangladeshi army officer and war hero. ... Image File history File linksMetadata No higher resolution available. ... Albert Ekka,(born 27 December 1942-died 3 December 1971), Zari village, Ranchi district, Jharkhand State, India, was enrolled in the 14 Guards of the Indian army on 27 December 1962. ... Flying Officer Nirmal Jit Singh Sekhon, PVC Stamp Issued by India Post in 2000 on Nirmal Jeet Singh Sekhon Flying Officer Nirmal Jit Singh Sekhon was an officer of the Indian Air Force and the posthumous recipient of the only Param Vir Chakra awarded to an Indian Air Force Personnel. ... 2nd Lieutenant Arun Khetarpal, PVC (1950-1971) 2nd Lieutenant Arun Khetarpal (14 October 1950 - 16 December 1971) born in Pune, Maharashtra joined the 17 Poona Horse of the Indian Army on 13 June 1971. ... Category: ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Muhammad Akram (Urdu: محمد اکرم ) was born: 1938 in Dingha Village, District of Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. ... Rashid Minhas Rashid Minhas or Rashid Minhas Shaheed (Urdu: راشد منہاس) (February 17, 1951–August 20, 1971) was a Pilot Officer in the Pakistan Air Force (PAF) during the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War. ... Major Shabbir Sharif Shaheed was born in Kunjah, Gujrat District, on April 28, 1943. ... Jawan Sawar Muhammad Hussain Shaheed of the Janjua tribe was born in Dhok Pir Bakhsh (now Dhok Muhammad Hussain Janjua) in Gujar Khan on June 18, 1949. ... 1. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Matiur Rahman Matiur Rahman or Shaheed M. Matiur Rahman (born February 21, 1945 in Dhaka - died August 20, 1971) was a Flight Lieutenant in the Pakistan Air Force when the Liberation War broke out. ...

External links

• Banglapedia article on Mukti Bahini