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Multicellular organisms are organisms consisting of more than one cell, and having differentiated cells that perform specialized functions. Most life that can be seen with the naked eye is multicellular, as are all members of the kingdoms Plantae and Animalia (except for specialized organism such as Myxozoans in the case of the latter). Download high resolution version (650x897, 45 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...
Download high resolution version (650x897, 45 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...
Binomial name Maupas, 1900 Caenorhabditis elegans (IPA: ) is a free-living nematode (roundworm), about 1 mm in length, which lives in temperate soil environments. ...
“Life on Earth†redirects here. ...
Drawing of the structure of cork as it appeared under the microscope to Robert Hooke from Micrographia which is the origin of the word cell being used to describe the smallest unit of a living organism Cells in culture, stained for keratin (red) and DNA (green) The cell is the...
Embryonic stem cells differentiate into cells in various body organs. ...
Ernst Haeckels presentation of a three-kingdom system (Plantae, Protista, Animalia) in his 1866 Generelle Morphologie der Organismen). ...
For other uses, see Plant (disambiguation). ...
For other uses, see Animal (disambiguation). ...
Classes Malacosporea Myxosporea The Myxozoa are a group of microscopic, parasitic animals. ...
Organizational levels Multicellular organisms exhibit organization at several levels:
Differentiated cells The suckiest extant (currently living) multicellular organisms, sponges, consist of multiple specialized cellular types cooperating together for a common goal. These cell types include Choanocytes, digestive cells; Sclerocytes, support-structure-secreting cells; Porocytes, tubular pore cells; and Pinacocytes, epidermal cells. Though the different cell types create an organized, macroscopic multicellular structure—the visible sponge—they are not organized into true interconnected tissues. This is illustrated by the fact that a sponge broken up in a blender will reaggregate from the surviving cells. If individually separated, however, the particular cell types cannot survive alone. Simpler colonial organisms, such as Volvox, differ in that their individual cells are free-living and can survive on their own if separated from the colony.There are many questions in the world what are different examples of multi-cellular? Classes Calcarea Hexactinellida Demospongiae The sponges or poriferans (from Latin porus pore and ferre to bear) are animals of the phylum Porifera. ...
Choanocytes (also known as collar cells) are cells that line the interior body walls of sponges that contain a central flagellum surrounded by a collar of microvilli. ...
Sclerocytes are spicule secreting cells, found in sponges. ...
Porocytes are tubular cells which make up the pores of a sponge. ...
Pinacocytes are epidermal cells which make up the pinacoderm in sponges. ...
Biological tissue is a collection of interconnected cells that perform a similar function within an organism. ...
This is a biological article: For a territory administered by another territory see: Colony For a group attempting to affiliate with a Fraternity or Sorority see: Colony (fraternity) In biology, a colony (from Latin colonia) refers to several individual organisms of the same species living closely together, usually for mutual...
Species Volvox aureus Volvox carteri () Volvox globator Volvox dissipatrix Volvox tertius Volvox is one of the best-known chlorophytes and is the most developed in a series of genera that form spherical colonies. ...
Tissues More complex organisms such as jellyfish, coral and sea anemones possess a tissue level of organization, in which differentiated, interconnected cells perform specialized functions as a group. For instance, jellyfish tissues include an epidermis and nerve net that perform protective and sensory functions, along with an inner gastrodermis that performs digestive functions. The overall spatial organization of differentiated cells is a topic of study in anatomy. For other uses, see Jellyfish (disambiguation). ...
Extant Subclasses and Orders Alcyonaria Alcyonacea Helioporacea Zoantharia Antipatharia Corallimorpharia Scleractinia Zoanthidea [1][2] See Anthozoa for details For other uses, see Coral (disambiguation). ...
Families Many, see text. ...
Look up Epidermis in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
A nerve net is a type of simple nervous system that is found in members of the phylum cnidaria. ...
The gastrodermis is the inner layer of cells that lines a gastrovascular cavity. ...
Human heart and lungs, from an older edition of Grays Anatomy. ...
Organs and organ systems Even more complex organisms, while also possessing differentiated cells and tissues, possess an organ level of development, wherein multiple tissues group to form organs with a specific function or functions. Organs can be as primitive as the brain of a flatworm (merely a grouping of ganglion cells), as large as the stem of a sequoia (up to 90 meters (300 feet) in height), or as complex and multifunctional as a vertebrate liver. Åž:For other uses, see Organ (disambiguation) In biology, an organ (Latin: organum, instrument, tool) is a group of tissues that perform a specific function or group of functions. ...
Classes Monogenea Trematoda Cestoda Turbellaria Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Platyhelminthes Wikispecies has information related to: Platyhelminthes The flatworms (Phylum Platyhelminthes from the Greek platy, meaning flat and helminth, meaning worm) are a phylum of relatively simple soft-bodied invertebrate animals. ...
Binomial name Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don) Endl. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
The liver is an organ present in vertebrates and some other animals. ...
The most complex organisms (such as mammals, trees, and flowers) have organ systems wherein groups of organs act together to perform complex related functions, with each organ focusing on a subset of the task. An example would be a vertebrate digestive system, in which the mouth and esophagus ingest food, the stomach crushes and liquifies it, the pancreas and gall bladder synthesize and release digestive enzymes, and the intestines absorb nutrients into the blood. In biology, an organ is a group of tissues which perform some function. ...
For the Physics term GUT, please refer to Grand unification theory The gastrointestinal or digestive tract, also referred to as the GI tract or the alimentary canal or the gut, is the system of organs within multicellular animals which takes in food, digests it to extract energy and nutrients, and...
male human mouth The mouth, also known as the buccal cavity or the oral cavity, is the orifice through which an organism takes in food and water. ...
The esophagus (also spelled oesophagus/Å“sophagus, Greek ), or gullet is an organ in vertebrates which consists of a muscular tube through which food passes from the pharynx to the stomach. ...
In anatomy, the stomach is a bean-shaped hollow muscular organ of the gastrointestinal tract involved in the second phase of digestion, following mastication. ...
The pancreas is a gland organ in the digestive and endocrine systems of vertebrates[2]. It is both exocrine (secreting pancreatic juice containing digestive enzymes) and endocrine (producing several important hormones, including insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin). ...
The gallbladder (or cholecyst) is a pear-shaped organ that stores bile (or gall) until the body needs it for digestion. ...
Neuraminidase ribbon diagram An enzyme (in Greek en = in and zyme = blend) is a protein, or protein complex, that catalyzes a chemical reaction and also controls the 3D orientation of the catalyzed substrates. ...
In anatomy, the intestine is the segment of the alimentary canal extending from the stomach to the anus and, in humans and other mammals, consists of two segments, the small intestine and the large intestine (or colon). ...
Human blood smear: a - erythrocytes; b - neutrophil; c - eosinophil; d - lymphocyte. ...
Evolutionary history The oldest known taxonomically resolved multicellular organism is a red algae, Bangiomorpha pubescens, found fossilized in 1.2 billion year old rock from the Ectasian period of the Mesoproterozoic era.[1] Possible classes Florideophyceae Bangiophyceae Cyanidiophyceae Red algae (Rhodophyta, pronounced /ˈrəʊdə(ʊ)ˌfʌɪtə/) are a large group of mostly multicellular, marine algae, including many notable seaweeds. ...
The Ectasian (from Greek ectsis, extension) is the second geologic period in the Mesoproterozoic Era and lasted from 1400 million years ago to 1200 million years ago. ...
The Mesoproterozoic era is a geologic period that occurred between 1600 and 900 million years ago. ...
In order to reproduce, true multicellular organisms must solve the problem of regenerating a whole organism from germ cells (i.e. sperm and egg cells), an issue that is studied in developmental biology. Therefore, the development of sexual reproduction in unicellular organisms during the Ectasian period is thought to have precipitated the development and rise of multicellular life. A germ cell is part of the germline and is involved in the reproduction of organisms. ...
Different types of sperm cells: A) spermatozoon (motile), B) spermatium (non-motile), C) fertilization tube with sperm nuclei The term sperm is derived from the Greek word spermos (Latin: sperma) meaning seed and refers to the male reproductive cells. ...
A human ovum Sperm cells attempting to fertilize an ovum An ovum (plural ova) is a haploid female reproductive cell or gamete. ...
Views of a Foetus in the Womb, Leonardo da Vinci, ca. ...
Sexual reproduction is a union that results in increasing genetic diversity of the offspring. ...
Multicellular organisms also face the challenge of cancer, which occurs when cells fail to regulate their growth within the normal program of development. Cancer is a class of diseases or disorders characterized by uncontrolled division of cells and the ability of these to spread, either by direct growth into adjacent tissue through invasion, or by implantation into distant sites by metastasis (where cancer cells are transported through the bloodstream or lymphatic system). ...
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