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Multiuser DOS is an operating system for IBM PC-compatible microcomputers. A website (or Web site) is a collection of web pages, typically common to a particular domain name or subdomain on the World Wide Web on the Internet. ...
The term software company could be applied to; a) a company that produces software or b) a company that distributes software from a third party or c) a company that provides services for software. ...
A software developer is a programmer who is concerned with one or more facets of the software development process, a somewhat broader scope of computer programming. ...
Digital Research, Inc. ...
CP/M is an operating system originally created for Intel 8080/85 based microcomputers by Gary Kildall of Digital Research, Inc. ...
2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
A kernel connects the application software to the hardware of a computer. ...
Graphical overview of a monolithic kernel A monolithic kernel defines a high-level virtual interface over the hardware, with a set of primitives or system calls to implement operating system services such as process management, concurrency, and memory management in several modules that run in supervisor mode. ...
The user interface is the part of a system exposed to users. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Command prompt. ...
A software license is a legal agreement which may take the form of a proprietary or gratuitous license as well as a memorandum of contract between a producer and a user of computer software. ...
An operating system (OS) is a computer program that manages the hardware and software resources of a computer. ...
IBM PC (IBM 5150) with keyboard and green screen monochrome monitor (IBM 5151), running MS-DOS 5. ...
An evolution of the older Concurrent CP/M and Concurrent DOS operating systems, it was originally developed by Digital Research. Its ancestry lies in the earlier DR operating systems CP/M and MP/M. Digital Research, Inc. ...
CP/M is an operating system originally created for Intel 8080/85 based microcomputers by Gary Kildall of Digital Research, Inc. ...
MP/M was the multi-user version of the CP/M operating system, created by Digital Research. ...
The initial version of CP/M for the IBM PC, CP/M-86, was commercially unsuccessful, as Microsoft's MS-DOS offered much the same facilities for a considerably lower price. Like MS-DOS 1.0, CP/M-86 did not fully exploit the power and capabilities of the new 16-bit machine. Microsoft is one of few companies engaging itself in the console wars Where they are up against sony, nintendo, and of course sharps new console which may cause a threat. ...
Microsofts disk operating system, MS-DOS, was Microsofts implementation of DOS, which was the first popular operating system for the IBM PC, and until recently, was widely used on the PC compatible platform. ...
In computer science, 16-bit is an adjective used to describe integers that are at most two bytes wide, or to describe CPU architectures based on registers, address buses, or data buses of that size. ...
It was soon superseded by an implementation of CP/M's multitasking 'big brother', MP/M-86. This turned a PC into a multiuser machine capable of supporting multiple concurrent users using dumb terminals attached by serial ports. The environment presented to each user made it seem as if they had the entire computer to themselves. Since terminals cost a fraction of the then-substantial price of a complete PC, this offered considerable cost savings, as well as facilitating multi-user applications such as accounts or stock control in a time when PC networks were rare, very expensive and difficult to implement. A dumb terminal in computing consists of a computer screen and keyboard, but practically no processing ability. ...
A male DE-9 connector used for a serial port on a PC style computer. ...
CP/M-86 and MP/M-86 were later merged to create Concurrent CP/M (also known as CCP/M), which offered more complete CP/M-86 compatibility in addition to MP/M-86's multiuser capabilities.
As the origin of MS-DOS was as a clone of CP/M, this operating system also offered limited compatibility with MS-DOS - simple MS-DOS applications which did not directly access the screen or other hardware could be run under CCP/M. For example, although a console program such as PKZip worked perfectly and offered more facilities than the CP/M-native Arc archiver, more complex applications which performed screen manipulations, such as WordStar for DOS, would not and thus native CCP/M versions were required. PKZIP is an archiving tool originally written by the late Phil Katz, and marketed by his company PKWARE, Inc. ...
WordStar was a word processor application, published by MicroPro, originally written for the CP/M operating system but later ported to DOS, that enjoyed a dominant market share during the early-to-mid-1980s. ...
CCP/M was developed into Concurrent DOS (AKA CDOS), which offered more complete DOS compatibility. The first released version, CDOS 3.2, was compatible with MS-DOS 1; later versions added compatibility with MS-DOS 2.x and 3.x. Versions 5 and 6 (Concurrent DOS XM) could bank switch multiple programs using EEMS. Bank switching (also known as paging, but only loosely related to the ordinary meaning of paging in computing) was a technique common in 8-bit microcomputer systems, to increase the amount of addressable RAM and ROM without extending the address bus. ...
Expanded Memory was a trick invented around 1984 that provided more memory to byte-hungry, business-oriented MS-DOS programs. ...
In 1987, CDOS was rewritten as Concurrent DOS/386. Because this ran only on machines equipped with the Intel 80386 processor, it could use the 386's hardware facilities for virtualising the hardware, allowing most DOS applications to run unmodified under CDOS/386 - even on terminals. The OS even supported concurrent multiuser file access, allowing network-aware DOS applications to run as if they were on individual PCs attached to a network server. Thus CDOS/386 was not only a cheaper alternative to individual PCs but allowed just a single server to support an entire office full of workers, without the expense of individual workstations, network cards and network cabling. Intel Corporation (NASDAQ: INTC, SEHK: 4335), founded in 1968 as Integrated Electronics Corporation, is an American multinational corporation that is best known for designing and manufacturing microprocessors and specialized integrated circuits. ...
The Intel 80386 is a microprocessor which was used as the central processing unit (CPU) of many personal computers from 1986 until 1994 and later. ...
Hardware is the general term that is used to describe physical artifacts of a technology. ...
In computing, virtualization is a broad term that refers to the abstraction of computer resources. ...
Blue RJ-45 patchcord of the type commonly used to connect network devices. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
Later versions of CDOS absorbed some of the enhanced functionality of DR's later single-user MS-DOS clone DR-DOS, after which the product was renamed to the more explanatory Multiuser DOS, sometimes abbreviated to MDOS. DR-DOS is a PC DOS-compatible operating system for IBM PC-compatible personal computers, originally developed by Gary Kildalls Digital Research and derived from CP/M-86. ...
MDOS suffered from several technical limitations that restricted its ability to compete with LANs based on MS-DOS. It required its own special device drivers for much common hardware, as MS-DOS drivers were not multiuser or multi-tasking aware. Driver installation was more complex than the simple MS-DOS method of copying the files onto the boot disk and modifying CONFIG.SYS appropriately - it was necessary to relink the MDOS kernel (known as a nucleus) using the SYSGEN command. Lan can stand for several things: A local area network Lan (airline) formerly LanChile Lan Peru Län, a kind of administrative division used in Sweden Lan Mandragoran, a fictional character in the Wheel of Time fantasy series by Robert Jordan. ...
Microsofts disk operating system, MS-DOS, was Microsofts implementation of DOS, which was the first popular operating system for the IBM PC, and until recently, was widely used on the PC compatible platform. ...
A kernel connects the application software to the hardware of a computer. ...
MDOS was also unable to use many common MS-DOS additions such as network stacks, and it was limited in its ability to support later developments in the PC-compatible world, such as graphics adaptors, sound cards, CD-ROM drives and mice. Although many of these were soon rectified - for example, graphical terminals were developed, allowing users to use CGA, EGA and VGA software - it was less flexible in this regard than a network of individual PCs, and as the prices of these fell, it became less and less competitive, although it still offered benefits in terms of management and TCO (total cost of ownership.) Unlike MP/M, it never became popular as a multitasking OS for single users, partly because of license costs and partly because of the requirement for special device drivers - unlike multitasking DOS additions such as Quarterdeck's DESQview. The Color Graphics Adapter (CGA), introduced in 1981, was IBMs first color graphics card, and the first color computer display standard for the IBM PC. The standard IBM CGA graphics card was equipped with 16 kilobytes of video memory. ...
The Enhanced Graphics Adapter (EGA) is the IBM PC computer display standard specification located between CGA and VGA in terms of graphics performance (that is, colour and space resolution). ...
Video Graphics Array (VGA) is a computer display standard first marketed in 1987 by IBM. VGA belongs to a family of earlier IBM video standards and largely remains backward compatible with them. ...
DESQview was a text mode multitasking program developed by Quarterdeck Office Systems which enjoyed modest popularity in the late 1980s and early 1990s. ...
See also
CP/M is an operating system originally created for Intel 8080/85 based microcomputers by Gary Kildall of Digital Research, Inc. ...
MP/M was the multi-user version of the CP/M operating system, created by Digital Research. ...
DR-DOS is a PC DOS-compatible operating system for IBM PC-compatible personal computers, originally developed by Gary Kildalls Digital Research and derived from CP/M-86. ...
OpenDOS is a free (though not open source) MS-DOS-compatible operating system. ...
PC-MOS/386 is an DOS like operating system by The Software Link, incorporated. ...
FreeDOS (formerly Free-DOS and PD-DOS) is an operating system for IBM PC compatible computers. ...
External links - History of CP/M, CCP/M and CDOS development
- Concurrent Controls - vendors of Multiuser DOS
- IMS Ltd - vendors of Multiuser DOS derivative Real/32
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