NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Mumbai Suburban

Mumbai, formerly known as Bombay, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra and the most populous Indian city. Mumbai is located on an island off the west coast of India at 18.96° N 72.82° E (http://kvaleberg.com/extensions/mapsources/index.php?params=18.96_N_72.82_E_). With an estimated 2005 metropolitan population of 17 million^{[1] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai#endnote_population)}, it is the sixth largest metropolitan city in the world, and clustered along with its outlying satellite townships forms the world's most populous conurbation. The city, which has a deep natural harbour, is also the largest port in western India, handling over half of India's passenger traffic. The Republic of India is the second most populous country in the world, with a population of more than one billion, and is the seventh largest country by geographical area. ... India is subdivided into 28 states, 6 union territories and a National Capital Territory. ... This page is undergoing a renovation. ... This is a list of cities in India: * indicates capital cities. ... The island as seen from the sky Salcette Island is a large island off the coast of Maharashtra, India in the Arabian Sea. ... The Konkan, also called the Konkan Coast or Karavali is the name given to a stretch of rugged and beautiful section of the western coastline of India from Ratnagiri to Mangalore. ... 2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... New Bombay (also known as Navi Mumbai) is a satellite twin of the city of Bombay, India. ... Physical Map of the world with dots showing where the 30 most populous cities are. ... A conurbation is an urban area comprising a number of cities or towns which, through population growth and expansion, have physically merged to form one continuous built up area. ... A harbor (or harbour) or haven is a place where ships may shelter from the weather or are stored. ...

Mumbai is the commercial capital of India, and houses important financial institutions such as the Reserve Bank of India, the Bombay Stock Exchange and the corporate headquarters of many Indian companies. Owing to the immense business opportunities available in Mumbai and relatively high standard of living, it has attracted migrants from all over India and South Asia, making the city a potpourri of various communities and cultures. Within Mumbai is located Bollywood, the epicentre of the country's Hindi film and television industry, producing the world's highest number of films annually. Mumbai is also one of the rare cities to accommodate a National Park within its municipal limits. Gateway of India, as seen from the bay of Mumbay. ... Gateway of India, as seen from the bay of Mumbay. ... The Gateway of India The Gateway of India is a monument located in Mumbai, India. ... The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is the central bank of India, and was established on April 1, 1935 in accordance with the provisions of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934. ... The Bombay Stock Exchange is located in Dalal Street, Mumbai. ... This is a list of Indian companies. ... The single most common indicator which is used to quantify standard of living is the per capita purchasing power parity (PPP) adjusted gross domestic product (GDP). ... Map of South Asia South Asia is a subregion of Asia comprising the modern states of Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, . It covers about 4,480,000 km², or 10 percent of the continent, and is also known as the Indian subcontinent. ... The term cosmopolitan refers to an individual who retains cultural roots in his or her country of origin, yet has adopted a wide taste for other cultures, and so lives both a local and global life. ... The culture of India is one of the oldest cultures known to humanity. ... Typical Bollywood Movie Poster Bollywood is the informal name given to the popular Mumbai-based film industry in India. ... Hindi (हिन्दी) is a language spoken in most states in northern and central India. ... India is a major regional center for cinema. ... The Borivali National Park, also known as Sanjay Gandhi National Park is the world’s only National Park within city limits. ...

The appellation Mumbai is an eponym, etymologically derived from Mumba — the name of the local Hindu goddess Mumbadevi, and Aai — meaning mother in Marathi. In the 16th century, the Portuguese named the area Bom Bahia which means Good Bay. This was later corrupted to Bomaím or Bombaim, by which name it's still known in Portuguese, and after the British gained possession, it was anglicised to Bombay. The name was officially changed from Bombay to Mumbai in 1995, but the former name is still popularly used in the West and by many of the city's inhabitants and famous institutions. An appellation in its broadest sense is a name or designation. ... An eponym is a person (real or fictitious) whose name has become identified with a particular object or activity. ... Etymology is the study of the origins of words. ... This article is about the Hindu religion; for other meanings of the word, see Hindu (disambiguation). ... Mumba Devi Mandir, or Mumba Devi Temple, is an old Hindu temple in the city of Mumbai (formerly Bombay) dedicated to the goddess Mumba. ... ashley is gay Mother with her child (Sculpture) A mother is typically the biological or social female parent of a child or offspring while the male parent is the father. ... Marathi is one of the widely spoken languages of India, and has a long literary history. ... (15th century - 16th century - 17th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 16th century was that century which lasted from 1501 to 1600. ... The Republic of Portugal (Portuguese: República Portuguesa) is a democratic republic located on the west and southwest parts of the Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe, the westernmost country in continental Europe. ... A database query syntax error has occurred. ... To anglicise (or in North American English anglicize) is to adapt a foreign word into the English language, often modifying its form to correspond to standard English French demoiselle, meaning little lady. Another common type of anglicisation is the inclusion of a foreign article as part of a noun (eg. ... 1995 was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... West is most commonly a noun, adjective, or adverb indicating direction or geography. ...

This article explains the meaning of area as a physical quantity. ... Square kilometre (US spelling: Square kilometer), symbol km², is an SI unit of surface area. ... COAST, an acronym for Cache On A STick, is a packaging standard for modules containing SRAM used as an L2 cache in a computer. ... A kilometre (American spelling: kilometer) (symbol: km) is a unit of length equal to 1000 metres (from the Greek words khilia = thousand and metro = count/measure). ... Altitude is the elevation of an object from a known level or datum, called zero level. ... metre or meter, see meter (disambiguation) The metre is the basic unit of length in the International System of Units. ... A PIN code is the postal code used by the Indian Postal Service. ... This is a list of the postal codes, postal index numbers (PINs) in Bombay, now called Mumbai, for both reference and geocoding. ... Licence plates on the back of a taxi in Kolkata. ... These are a list of some Indian licence plates, broken down into states or Union Territories, and their districts. ... Time zones are areas of the Earth that have adopted the same standard time, usually referred to as the local time. ... UTC also stands for the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga Coordinated Universal Time or UTC, also sometimes referred to as Zulu time, the basis for civil time, differs by an integral number of seconds from atomic time and a fractional number of seconds from UT1. ... Indian Standard Time (IST) is the time zone for India. ...

History

The present-day Mumbai was originally made up of seven isles. Artefacts found near Kandivali in northern Mumbai indicate that these islands were inhabited since the Stone Age. They were part of the Magadha empire in the 3rd century BC, ruled by the Buddhist emperor Ashoka. Later the Hindu rulers of the Silhara dynasty governed these islands until 1343, when it was annexed by the kingdom of Gujarat. Some of the oldest edifices of the archipelago–the Elephanta Caves and the Walkeshwar temple complex date back to this era. The list of seven islands that were merged to form the city of Bombay. ... Kandivali or Kandivli is the name of a railway station on the Mumbai suburban railway on the Western Railway railway line. ... Stone Age fishing hook. ... Magadha was an ancient kingdom of India, mentioned in both the Ramayana and the Mahabharata. ... Centuries: 4th century BC - 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC Decades: 350s BC 340s BC 330s BC 320s BC 310s BC - 300s BC - 290s BC 280s BC 270s BC 260s BC 250s BC Years: 305 BC 304 BC 303 BC 302 BC 301 BC - 300 BC - 299 BC 298 BC... Statues of Buddha such as this, the Tian Tan Buddha statue in Hong Kong, remind followers to practice right living. ... Emperor Ashoka (a possible picturisation) Ashoka the Great (also Asoka, Aśoka, pronounced as Ashok-uh, not Ashokaa) was the ruler of the Mauryan empire from 273 BC to 232 BC. A convert to Buddhism, Ashoka reigned over most of the Indian subcontinent, from present day Afghanistan to Bengal and as... The Hindu Silhara dynasty ruled the region around present day Mumbai from the 9 century to the 13 century. ... -1... Gujarat (Hindi: गुजरात) is the most industrialized state in India after Maharashtra and is located in western India, bordered by Pakistan to the northwest and Rajasthan to the north. ... An archipelago is a landform which consists of a chain or cluster of islands. ... Elephanta Caves are located one and one-half hours (by boat) out of Mumbai in the Sea of Oman. ... Banganga Tank is part of the Walkeshwar Temple Complex in the city of Bombay, India. ...

In 1534, the Portuguese appropriated the islands from Bahadur Shah of Gujarat. They were ceded to Charles II of England as dowry of Catherine de Braganza in 1661, who in turn leased it to the British East India Company in 1668 for a sum of £10 per annum. The company found the deep harbour at Bombay eminently apposite, and the population rose from 10,000 in 1661 to 60,000 by 1675. In 1687, the East India Company transferred their headquarters from Surat to Bombay. Events May 10 - Jacques Cartier explores Newfoundland while searching for the Northwest Passage. ... Two Mughal Emperors have had the name of Bahadur Shah: Bahadur Shah I Bahadur Shah Zafar II. This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Gujarat (Hindi: गुजरात) is the most industrialized state in India after Maharashtra and is located in western India, bordered by Pakistan to the northwest and Rajasthan to the north. ... Charles II King of England, Scotland and Ireland Charles II (29 May 1630–6 February 1685) was the King of England, Scotland and Ireland from 30 January 1649 (de jure) or 29 May 1660 (de facto) until his death. ... A dowry is a gift of money or valuables given by the brides family to that of the groom to permit their marriage. ... Catherine of Braganza. ... Events January 6 - The fifth monarchy men unsuccessfully attempt to seize control of London. ... The British East India Company, sometimes referred to as John Company, was a joint-stock company of investors, which was granted a Royal Charter by Elizabeth I on December 31, 1600, with the intent to favor trade privileges in India. ... Events January - The Triple Alliance of 1668 is formed. ... The pound sterling, which strictly speaking refers to basic currency unit of sterling, now the pound, can generally refer to the currency of the United Kingdom (UK). ... This page includes English translations of several Latin phrases and abbreviations such as . ... A harbor (or harbour) or haven is a place where ships may shelter from the weather or are stored. ... Events January 6 - The fifth monarchy men unsuccessfully attempt to seize control of London. ... Events January 5 - The Battle of Turckeim August 10 - Building of the Royal Greenwich Observatory began November 11 - Guru Gobind Singh becomes the Tenth Guru of the Sikhs. ... Events March 19 - The men under explorer Robert Cavelier de La Salle murder him while searching for the mouth of the Mississippi River. ... Surat is a port city in the Indian state of Gujarat. ...

From 1817 the city was reshaped with large civil engineering projects aimed at merging the islands into a single amalgamated mass. This project, the Hornby Vellard was completed by 1845 and resulted in the area swelling to 435 km². Eight years later in 1853, India's first railway line was established, connecting Bombay to Thana. During the American Civil War, (1861–1865) the city became the world's chief cotton market resulting in a boom in the economy and subsequently in its stature. The opening up of the Suez Canal in 1869, transformed Bombay into one of the largest Arabian Sea ports. Events March 4 - James Monroe succeeds James Madison as the President of the United States of America April – Earthquake in Palermo, Italy April 3 – Princess Caraboo appears in Almondsbury in Gloucestershire, England May - The General Convention of the Episcopal Church founded General Theological Seminary while meeting in New York City. ... In modern usage, civil engineering is a broad field of engineering that deals with the planning, construction, and maintenance of fixed structures as they related to earth, water, or civilization and their processes. ... The Hornby Vellard was a civil engineering project aimed at uniting all seven islands of Bombay into a single island with a deep natural harbour. ... 1845 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Square kilometre (US spelling: Square kilometer), symbol km², is an SI unit of surface area. ... 1853 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... This is the top-level page of WikiProject trains Rail tracks Rail transport refers to the land transport of passengers and goods along railways or railroads. ... For the Anglo-Saxon royal retainer, see Thane/Thegn. ... The American Civil War was fought in the United States from 1861 until 1865 between the United States – forces coming mostly from the 23 northern states of the Union – and the newly-formed Confederate States of America, which consisted of 11 southern states that had declared their secession. ... 1861 is a common year starting on Tuesday. ... 1865 is a common year starting on Sunday. ... Cotton is a soft fibre that grows around the seeds of the cotton plant, a shrub native to the tropical and subtropical regions of both the Old World and the New World. ... 1881 drawing of the Suez Canal The Suez Canal ( Arabic, Qanā al-Suways), west of the Sinai Peninsula, forms a 163 km (118 miles) ship canal in Egypt between Port Said (Būr Saīd) on the Mediterranean Sea and Suez (al-Suways) on the Red Sea. ... 1869 is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ...

The city segued into a major urban centre over the next thirty years due to an improvement in the infrastructure and the construction of many of the city's institutions. Soon the population of the city swelled to one million by 1906, making it the second largest in India, after Calcutta. It later became a major base for the Indian independence movement, with the Quit India Movement called by Mahatma Gandhi in 1942, being its most rubric event. After independence, the city incorporated the parts of the island of Salsette expanding to its present day limits in 1957. It became the capital of the new linguistic state of Maharashtra in 1960. Download high resolution version (1281x960, 344 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Download high resolution version (1281x960, 344 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... 1890 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1906 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... This article is on Calcutta/Kolkata, the city. ... The Indian independence movement was a series of steps taken in the Indian subcontinent for independence from British colonial rule, beginning with the Rebellion of 1857. ... The Quit India Movement was a call for immediate independence for India issued by MK Gandhi on August 8, 1942. ... Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (October 2, 1869 – January 30, 1948) (Devanagari: मोहनदास करमचन्द गांधी), called Mahatma Gandhi, was the charismatic leader who brought the cause of Indias independence from British colonial rule to world attention. ... 1942 was a common year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1957 was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... This page is undergoing a renovation. ... 1960 was a leap year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ...

In the late 1970s, Bombay witnessed a construction boom with the significant increase in population due to the influx of migrants. By 1986, it had overtaken Calcutta as the most populated Indian city. The city's secular fabric was torn in 1992, after large-scale Hindu-Muslim riots caused extensive losses to life and property. A few months later, on March 12, simultaneous bombings of the city's establishments by the underworld killed around three hundred. In 1995, the city was renamed Mumbai after the right wing Shiv Sena party came into power in Maharashtra, in keeping with their policy of renaming colonial institutions after historic local appellations. Events and trends Although in the United States and in many other Western societies the 1970s are often seen as a period of transition between the turbulent 1960s and the more conservative 1980s and 1990s, many of the trends that are associated widely with the Sixties, from the Sexual Revolution... 1986 is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is on Calcutta/Kolkata, the city. ... This article concerns secularity, that is, being secular, in various senses. ... 1992 is a leap year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the Hindu religion; for other meanings of the word, see Hindu (disambiguation). ... A Muslim is a believer in or follower of Islam. ... Categories: Stub | Riots ... March 12 is the 71st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (72nd in Leap years). ... The 1993 Mumbai bombings were a series of bomb explosions that took place in Mumbai (Bombay), India on March 12, 1993. ... Categories: Wikipedia cleanup | Stub ... In politics, right-wing, the political right, or simply the right, are terms which refer, with no particular precision, to the segment of the political spectrum in opposition to left-wing politics. ... SS election symbol Shiv Sena or शिव सेना (meaning Army of Shiva, referring to Shivaji) is a political party in India founded on June 19, 1966 by Bal Thackeray who is the president of the party. ...

Geography

Mumbai is located on an island (Salsette Island) which lies at the mouth of River Ulhas off the western coast of India in the coastal region known as the Konkan. Most of Mumbai is at sea level and the average elevation ranges from 10 to 15 metres. The northern part of Mumbai is hilly and the highest point of the city is at 450 metres (1,450 feet)^{[2] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai#endnote_Kanheri)}. Mumbai spans a total area of 438 km² (169 sq miles). City districts of Bombay File links The following pages link to this file: Mumbai Categories: Images with unknown source ... City districts of Bombay File links The following pages link to this file: Mumbai Categories: Images with unknown source ... The island as seen from the sky Salcette Island is a large island off the coast of Maharashtra, India in the Arabian Sea. ... River Ulhas is a river in the Indian state of Maharashtra originating in the Western Ghats. ... The Konkan, also called the Konkan Coast or Karavali is the name given to a stretch of rugged and beautiful section of the western coastline of India from Ratnagiri to Mangalore. ... For considerations of sea level change, in particular rise associated with possible global warming, see sea level rise. ... metre or meter, see meter (disambiguation) The metre is the basic unit of length in the International System of Units. ... This article is about a foot as a unit of length. ... Square kilometre (US spelling: Square kilometer), symbol km², is an SI unit of surface area. ... This article is about the unit of measure. ...

Within the metropolitan limits are present three lakes — the Tulsi Lake, Vihar Lake and the Powai Lake. The first two are present within the Borivali National Park and supply part of the city's drinking water. Mumbai also has three small rivers within the city limits originating in the National Park. The coastline of the city is inundated with numerous creeks and bays. On the eastern seaboard, large mangrove swamps rich in biodiversity occupy most of the region. Tulsi lake is Mumbais second largest lake. ... Vihar lake is Mumbais largest lake. ... Powai is a huge artificial lake about 20 miles from Bombay (Mumbai), India. ... The Borivali National Park, also known as Sanjay Gandhi National Park is the world’s only National Park within city limits. ... Creek can be: A native American tribe, see Creek (people) The language of that tribe, see Creek language In US and Australian usage, a waterflow, smaller than a river, see Creek (stream) In UK usage, a tidal watercourse, usually drying to little or no flow at low tide, see Creek... In geography, a bay or gulf is a collection of water that is surrounded by land on three sides. ... Above and below water view at the edge of the mangal Mangroves are woody trees or shrubs that grow in mangrove habitats or mangal (Hogarth, 1999). ... A freshwater swamp A swamp is a wetland that features permanent inundation of large areas of land by shallow bodies of water, generally with a substantial number of hummocks, or dry-land protrusions. ... Biodiversity or biological diversity is a neologism and a portmanteau word, from bio and diversity. ...

Soil cover in city region is predominantly sandy owing to its proximity to the sea. In the suburbs the soil cover is largely alluvial and loamy. The underlying rock of the region is composed of black Deccan basalt flows and their acid and basic variants dating back to the late Cretaceous and early Eocene geological eras. Mumbai sits on a seismically active zone^{[3] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai#endnote_tifr)} due to the presence of three fault lines in the vicinity. The area is classified as a Zone III region, which means an earthquake of magnitude of up to 6.5 can be expected. Patterns in the sand Sand is an example of a class of materials called granular matter. ... Alluvium is soil land deposited by a river or other running water. ... Loam is soil composed of sand, silt, and clay, with particles of various sizes, evenly mixed. ... Introduction The Deccan Plateau is a vast plateau in India, encompassing most of Central and Southern India. ... Basalt Basalt is an extrusive igneous rock, sometimes porphyritic, and is often both fine-grained and dense. ... An acid (often represented by the generic formula AH) is typically a water-soluble, sour-tasting chemical compound. ... The common (Arrhenius) definition of a base is a chemical compound that either donates hydroxide ions or absorbs hydrogen ions when dissolved in water. ... The Cretaceous period is one of the major divisions of the geologic timescale, reaching from the end of the Jurassic period (about 135 mya) to the beginning of the Paleocene epoch of the Tertiary period (65 mya). ... The Eocene epoch (55-37 mya) is a major division of the geologic timescale and the second epoch of the Tertiary period in the Cenozoic era. ... Geologic timeline can refer to: The geologic timescale of Earth history. ... Global earthquake epicenters, 1963–1998 An earthquake is a trembling or a shaking movement of the Earths surface. ...

Mumbai is classified as a metropolis of India, under the jurisdiction of a municipality. It consists of two discrete regions — the City and the Suburbs, which also form two districts of Maharashtra. Residents of the city are colloquially known as townies and the suburbs are known as 'burbies. The city region is also commonly referred to as the Island City by most media publications^{[4] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai#endnote_islandcity)}.

See also: List of Bombay beaches As a coastal city, Bombay has a whole lot of beaches along its western coast. ...

Climate

The city, being in the tropical zone and near the Arabian Sea, does not experience distinct seasons, but the climate can broadly be classified into two main seasons — the humid season and the dry season. The humid season, between March to October, is characterised by high humidity and temperatures of over 30 °C (86 °F). The monsoon rains lash the city during June to September and supply most of the city's annual rainfall of 2,200 mm (85 in). The maximum annual rainfall ever recorded was 3,451.6 mm in 1954^{[5] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai#endnote_rainfall)}. Satellite image of the city of Mumbai, India File links The following pages link to this file: Mumbai Salsette Island Categories: Images with unknown source ... Satellite image of the city of Mumbai, India File links The following pages link to this file: Mumbai Salsette Island Categories: Images with unknown source ... The island as seen from the sky Salcette Island is a large island off the coast of Maharashtra, India in the Arabian Sea. ... The tropics are the geographic region of the Earth centered on the equator and limited in latitude by the two tropics: the Tropic of Cancer in the north and the Tropic of Capricorn in the southern hemisphere. ... The Arabian Sea is the part of the Indian Ocean between the Arabian Peninsula and India. ... Humidity is the quantity of moisture in the air. ... For alternative meanings, see March (disambiguation). ... October is the tenth month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of seven Gregorian months with the length of 31 days. ... link title Headline text Bold textItalic textItalic textInsert non-formatted text hereInsert non-formatted text hereInsert non-formatted text hereInsert non-formatted text hereInsert non-formatted text here--220. ... This article is about the temperature scale; see also Fahrenheit graphics API. Fahrenheit is a temperature scale named after the German physicist Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686–1736), who proposed it in 1724. ... A monsoon is a periodic wind, especially in the Indian Ocean and southern Asia. ... June is the sixth month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of four with the length of 30 days. ... September is the ninth month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of four Gregorian months with the length of 30 days. ... In meteorology, precipitation is any kind of water that falls from the sky as part of the weather. ... A millimetre (American spelling: millimeter), symbol mm is an SI unit of length that is equal to one thousandth of a metre. ... Mid-19th century tool for converting between different standards of the inch An inch is an Imperial unit of length. ... 1954 was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ...

The dry season, between November and February, is characterised by moderate levels of humidity and warm to cool weather. Cold northerly winds are responsible for a high wind chill factor during January and February. The annual temperatures range from a high of 38 °C (100 °F) to a low of 11 °C (52 °F). The record high is 42 °C (108 °F) in 1964 and record low is 7.4 °C (45 °F) on 1962-01-22. November is the eleventh month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of four Gregorian months with the length of 30 days. ... February is the second month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Wind chill is the apparent temperature felt on the exposed human (or animal) body due to the combination of air temperature and wind speed. ... January is the first month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of seven Gregorian months with the length of 31 days. ... February is the second month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1964 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1962 was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... January 22 is the 22nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ...

Economy

Mumbai contributes 10% of factory employment, 33% of income tax collections, 60% of customs duty collections, 20% of central excise tax collections, 40% of India's foreign trade and rupees 40,000 crore (US $9 billion) in corporate taxes^{[6] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai#endnote_manorama)}. Headquarters of a number of Indian financial institutions such as the Bombay Stock Exchange, Reserve Bank of India, National Stock Exchange, the Mint, as well as numerous Indian conglomerates such as the Tata Group, Godrej and Reliance are located in Mumbai. Most of these offices are located in downtown South Mumbai which is the nerve centre of the Indian economy, leading its Dalal Street to become known as "the Indian Wall Street". Many foreign establishments also have their branches in this area. A factory (previously manufactory) is a large industrial building where goods or products are manufactured. ... Income tax is a direct tax which is levied on the income of private individuals. ... Customs is the plural of custom, a common practice among a group of people. ... An excise is an indirect tax or duty levied on items within a country. ... International trade is defined as trade between two or more partners from different countries (an exporter and an importer). ... The Indian Rupee (Symbol: INR) is Indias national currency, subdivided into 100 paise (singular paisa). ... A crore is a unit in a traditional number system, still widely used in India. ... The United States dollar is the official currency of the United States. ... To help compare orders of magnitude this page lists dimensionless numbers between 109 and 1012. ... Corporate tax refers to direct taxes charged by various jurisdictions on the profits made by companies or associations. ... The Bombay Stock Exchange is located in Dalal Street, Mumbai. ... The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is the central bank of India, and was established on April 1, 1935 in accordance with the provisions of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934. ... The National Stock Exchange of India, also known as NSE, is one of largest and advanced stock markets in India. ... The India Government Mint, Mumbai is one of the five mints in India situated in the city of Mumbai (formerly Bombay). ... Tata is an important group of companies in India. ... Godrej Group Of Companies, they are named after The Godrej family of India. ... Reliance could refer to: Reliance Industries Limited Reliance Infocomm This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... South Mumbai South Mumbai (also referred to as South Bombay) is a geographic region in the city of Mumbai, India. ... Dalal Street in Mumbai, India is the location of the Bombay Stock Exchange and many related financial firms and institutions. ... View up Wall Street from Pearl Street Wall Street is the name of a narrow thoroughfare in lower Manhattan running east from Broadway downhill to the East River. ...

Mumbai has traditionally owed its prosperity largely to its textile mills and its seaport till the 1980s. This has now been replaced by industries employing more skilled labour such as engineering, diamond polishing, healthcare and information technology. As Mumbai is the state capital, government employees make up a large percentage of the city's workforce. Mumbai also has a large unskilled and semi-skilled labour population, who primarily earn their livelihood as hawkers, taxi drivers, mechanics and other such proletarian professions. The port and shipping industry too employs many residents directly and indirectly. This article is about the type of fabric. ... Events and trends The 1980s marked an abrupt shift towards more conservative lifestyles after the momentous cultural revolutions which took place in the 1960s and 1970s and the definition of the AIDS virus in 1981. ... Engineering is the application of science to the needs of humanity. ... A scattering of round-brilliant cut diamonds shows off the many reflecting facets. ... Health care or healthcare is one of the worlds largest and fastest growing professions. ... Information technology (IT) or information and communication technology (ICT) is the technology required for information processing. ... A blue-collar worker is a working class employee who performs manual or technical labor, such as in a factory or in technical maintenance trades, in contrast to a white-collar worker, who does non-manual work generally at a desk. ...

The entertainment industry is the other major employer in Mumbai. Most of India's television and satellite networks are located in Mumbai, as well as the major publishing houses. The epicentre of the Hindi movie industry, Bollywood, is also located in Mumbai, along with the largest studios and production houses. Publishing is the activity of putting information in the public arena. ... Typical Bollywood Movie Poster Bollywood is the informal name given to the popular Mumbai-based film industry in India. ... A studio is an artists workroom. ...

Civic administration

The city is administered by a municipal corporation (Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC)), whose titular head is the Mayor who has few executive powers. The real executive power of the corporation is vested in the Municipal Commissioner, an IAS officer appointed by the state government. The BMC is in charge of the civic needs and infrastructure of the metropolis. Mumbai is divided into twenty-three municipal wards, each overseen by an Assistant Municipal Commissioner for administrative purposes. The corporators of the administration are voted through a popular vote and almost all the state political parties field their candidates. Datta Dalvi is an Indian politician from the Shiv Sena political party. ... February 20 is the 51st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Johny Joseph (b. ... February 29 is the 60th day of a leap year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 306 days remaining. ... 2004 is a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Anami Narayan Roy is the Police Commissioner of Mumbai. ... February 5 is the 36th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2004 is a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Dr. Jagannathrao Hegde is the Sheriff of Mumbai a titular position only in effect in Bombay and Calcutta in India. ... December 22 is the 356th day of the year (357th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2003 is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar, and also: The International Year of Freshwater The European Disability Year Events January January 1 - Luíz Inácio Lula Da Silva becomes the 37th President of Brazil. ... Pradeep Vyas is the district collector of the city of Bombay, India. ... ... The Mayor of Mumbai is the first citizen of the Indian city of Mumbai. ... The Municipal Commissioner of Mumbai is the chief of the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation. ... The Indian Administrative Service, also called the Steel frame of India, was born out of the need for having a strong administrative network which can be relied upon by the executive arm of the Government for implementing its decisions effectively. ... This page is undergoing a renovation. ... The city of Mumbai, India, is divided into administrative divisions. ...

The metropolis is composed of two districts in Maharashtra, and each district comes under the jurisprudence of the District Collector. The collectors are in charge of property records and revenue collection for the Central government. They also oversee the national elections held in the city. Twenty three Wards of Bombay (Mumbai) N stands for north S for south after a few wards were bifurcated in the 1990s. ... Twenty three Wards of Bombay (Mumbai) N stands for north S for south after a few wards were bifurcated in the 1990s. ... This is a list of districts of India. ... The District Collector is a Central Indian Government appointee who is in charge of the governance of a district in a state. ... According to its constitution, India is a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic. ... The worlds largest democracy, India’s parliament is composed of the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha. ...

Like other metropolises in India, the Mumbai Police is headed by a Police Commissioner, an IPS officer. The Mumbai Police comes under the state Home Ministry. Mumbai is divided into seven police zones and seventeen traffic police zones, each headed by a Director General of Police. The Traffic Police is a semi-autonomous body under the Mumbai Police. The Mumbai Police has the task of policing the vast metropolitan area of Mumbai, one of the largest metropolitan areas in the world. ... The Police Commissioner of Mumbai is the chief of the Mumbai Police. ... The Indian Police Service (IPS) is one of the services of the government of the state of India; others being Indian Administrative Service, Indian Foreign Service, Indian Engineering Service,Indian Economic Service etc. ... In India the Director General of Police is the highest ranking police officer in Indian States. ...

Mumbai is the seat of the Bombay High Court, which has under its jurisdiction the states of Maharashtra, Goa and the Union Territory of Daman and Diu. Mumbai also has two lower courts, the Small Causes Court, for civil matters, and the Sessions Court for criminal cases. The Bombay High Court was inaugurated on August 14, 1862. ... This page is undergoing a renovation. ... Goa (गोवा) is Indias smallest state in terms of area and the second smallest in terms of population after Sikkim. ... A union territory is an administrative division of India. ... Daman and Diu is a union territory in India. ... In Indian cities, the Small Causes Court is responsible for adjudicating matters related to civil cases. ... In Indian cities, the Sessions Court is responsible for adjudicating matters related to criminal cases. ...

Mumbai contributes six seats to the Lok Sabha (India's Lower House of Parliament) and thirty-two seats to the Maharashtra state assembly. The Lok Sabha (House of the People) is the lower house of Parliament of India. ... The Parliament of India is bicameral. ... The Maharashtra state assembly — the Vidhan Sabha is the bicameral legislature of the Indian state of Maharashtra. ...

Transport

Most of the city inhabitants rely on public transport to travel to and from their workplace, due to the paucity of parking spaces and traffic bottlenecks. The backbone of the city's transport is the Mumbai suburban railway is composed of three rail networks and runs along the length of the city. The Western Railway runs along the western region of the city, while the Central Railway covers most of the central and northeast parts of the metropolis. Both these lines extend to the exurbs of the city, each covering a total one-way length of around 125 km. The Harbour Line is a sub-division of the Central Railway, covering a distance of 54 km along the extreme east areas of the city region near the docks and extending into New Bombay. Mumbai traffic Source: Antônio Milena/ABr. ... Mumbai traffic Source: Antônio Milena/ABr. ... The Bombay Electric Supply and Transport now christened Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport (BEST) undertaking is an electricity and public transport undertaking of city municipality. ... A taxi serving as a bus Public transport comprises all transport systems in which the passengers do not travel in their own vehicles. ... The Mumbai Suburban Railway system, part of the public transport in Mumbai, carries more than 6. ... The Western Railway is one of the 16 zones of Indian Railways, and is among the busiest railroad networks in India. ... For information about the company in the UK called Central Railway see Central Railway (UK) The Central Railway is one of the 16 zones of Indian Railways, and is one of the largest. ... The harbour line is the portion of the Central Railway which literally goes through the Bombay harbour. So, dont be surprised when you see a lot of shunting yards, ship moors and other stuff typical of any place situated closer to the piers -- including warehouses, also known as godowns. ... For information about the company in the UK called Central Railway see Central Railway (UK) The Central Railway is one of the 16 zones of Indian Railways, and is one of the largest. ... New Bombay (also known as Navi Mumbai) is a satellite twin of the city of Bombay, India. ...

Public buses run by the BEST (an autonomous body under the BMC) cover almost all parts of the metropolis as well as parts of New Bombay and Thane. Buses are used for short to medium distance commuting as train fares are more economical for long distances. The BEST fleet consists of single-decker, double-decker, air-conditioned and vestibule buses. The BEST also operates ferries across creeks in northern Mumbai. The Bombay Electric Supply and Transport now christened Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport (BEST) undertaking is an electricity and public transport undertaking of city municipality. ... For the Anglo-Saxon royal retainer, see Thane/Thegn. ... The Pride of Burgundy, a P&O Ferries car ferry on the Dover-Calais route A ferry is a boat or a ship carrying passengers, and possibly their vehicles, on a relatively short-distance, regularly-scheduled service. ...

Black and yellow metered taxis, accommodating up to four passengers, cover most of the metropolis. Auto rickshaws, allowed to operate only in the suburban area, are the main form of hired transport there. These three-wheeled vehicles can accommodate up to three passengers. Passengers and drivers meet at this auto rickshaw stand in Chennai. ...

Mumbai is served by two airports, the Sahar International Airport near Andheri which caters to international flights and cargo and the Santacruz Airport, south of the Sahar Airport which caters to domestic flights. The nearby Juhu aerodrome was India's first airport and now hosts a flying club and a heliport. Mumbai traffic Source: Antônio Milena/ABr. ... Mumbai traffic Source: Antônio Milena/ABr. ... Passengers and drivers meet at this auto rickshaw stand in Chennai. ... Chatrapati Shivaji International Airport (also transliterated as Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport), formerly Sahar International Airport, is an airport in Mumbai, India. ... Andheri is the name of a railway station on the Mumbai suburban railway on the Western Railway railway line. ... Santacruz Airport is the domestic airport of the city of Mumbai. ... The Juhu Aerodrome located in Mumbai, was Indias first civil aviation airport opening in 1932. ... A flying club is a small airport used to train commercial pilots and those seeking to pursue flying as a hobby in India. ... Heliport A heliport is a small airport suitable only for use by helicopters but larger than a helipad. ...

Mumbai is well connected by trains to all parts of India. The city is also the headquarters of two rail divisions, the Central Railway (CR) headquartered at Chatrapati Shivaji Terminus (formerly known as Victoria Terminus) and the Western Railway (WR) headquartered at Mumbai Central. With its unique topography, Mumbai has one of the best natural harbours in the world handling 50% of the country's passenger traffic and much of India's cargo. It is also an important base of the Indian Navy. This article is about trains in rail transport. ... An Indian Railway Ticket from Chennai to Vijayawada by Howrah Mail. ... CST Railway Station Chatrapati Shivaji Terminus (formerly Victoria Terminus) (better referred to by its acronym CST) - is a historic railway station on Mumbai suburban railway. ... Mumbai Central is the name of a railway station on the Mumbai suburban railway, serving as the railway terminus of the Western Railway. ... Bharatiya Nau Sena:-The Indian Navy is one of the worlds largest navies. ...

See also: Railway stations in Mumbai The Mumbai Suburban Railway system, part of the public transport in Mumbai, carries more than 6. ...

Demographics

The population of Mumbai is over 17 million residents at a density of 45,662 persons per square kilometre. There are 811 females to every 1,000 males. The smaller ratio of female-male population is due to the fact that many working males in the city leave their families in rural areas where they hail from. The total literacy rate is 77%, which is higher than the national average. Out of this figure 82% of adult males and 71.6% of adult females are literate. Hindus comprise 68% of the population, Muslim 17%, Christian 4% and Buddhist 4%. The remaining are followers of Parsi, Jain, Sikh and Jewish religions and atheist ideology^{[7] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai#endnote_demographics)}. Mosque Photograph taken ~22 Sept 2003 by Joedjemal Edited 2004 05 10 - see talk page for details File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Mosque Photograph taken ~22 Sept 2003 by Joedjemal Edited 2004 05 10 - see talk page for details File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... The Jama Masjid is a mosque near Crawford Market in the South Mumbai region of Mumbai, India. ... Square kilometre (US spelling: Square kilometer), symbol km², is an SI unit of surface area. ... This article or section should include material from New literacy studies. ... This article is about the Hindu religion; for other meanings of the word, see Hindu (disambiguation). ... A Muslim is a believer in or follower of Islam. ... Christianity is an Abrahamic religion based on the life, teachings, death by crucifixion, and resurrection of Jesus of Nazareth as described in the New Testament. ... Statues of Buddha such as this, the Tian Tan Buddha statue in Hong Kong, remind followers to practice right living. ... a person from Pars (the middle-Persian word for Fars), a region now within the geographical boundaries of Iran, and is roughly the original homeland of the Persian people. ... The hand with a wheel on the palm symbolizes the Jain Vow of Ahinsa, meaning non-injury and nonviolence. ... A Sikh is a follower of Sikhism, a religious faith originating in the Punjab. ... The word Jew ( Hebrew: יהודי) is used in a wide number of ways, but generally refers to a follower of the Jewish faith, a child of a Jewish mother, or someone of Jewish descent with a connection to Jewish culture or ethnicity and often a combination of these attributes. ... For information about the band, see Atheist (band). ...

For a city of its size, Mumbai has a moderate crime rate. Mumbai recorded 27,577 incidents of crime in 2004, which is down 11% from 30,991 in 2001. The city's main jail is the Arthur Road Jail^{[8] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai#endnote_crime)}. Common stereotype of a criminal A crime in a broad sense is an act that violates a political or moral law. ... 2001 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... A prison is a place in which people are confined and deprived of a range of liberties. ... Arthur Road Jail is Mumbais largest and oldest jail. ...

Mumbai has a large polyglot population but the most common language spoken on the city streets is a colloquial form of Hindi, known as Bambaiya Hindi, which is a blend of Hindi, Marathi, Indian English and a few invented colloquial words. While Marathi is the official language of the state of Maharashtra, it is not as widely spoken as Hindi. English is also extensively spoken and is the principal language used by the city's white collar workforce. Other languages spoken in Mumbai include Gujarati, Bengali, Urdu, Tamil, Malayalam, Telugu, Punjabi, Konkani, Nepali and Kannada. A person that can speak more than one language A book that contains the same text in more than one language, usually a bible such as the first polyglot bible the Complutensian Polyglot Bible A language that is a combination of other languages A computer program that is valid in... Hindi (हिन्दी) is a language spoken in most states in northern and central India. ... Bambaiya Hindi, also Mumbaiyya is a slang form of Hindi/Urdu spoken primarily in Bombay (Mumbai). ... Marathi is one of the widely spoken languages of India, and has a long literary history. ... Indian English is a catch-all phrase for the dialects or varieties of English spoken widely in India (by about 11% of the population, according to the 1991 census) and the Indian subcontinent in general, but also by Desis. ... This page is undergoing a renovation. ... White-collar workers perform tasks which are less laborious yet often more highly paid than blue-collar workers, who do manual work. ... Gujarati can mean two distinct things: The Gujarati language is a language spoken in India,and pakistan [1] mostly in and around the Gujarat state. ... This article is about the Bengali language. ... Urdu(اردو) is an Indo-European language which originated in India, most likely in the vicinity of Delhi, from whence it spread to the rest of the subcontinent. ... The consonant ழ் believed to be unique to Tamil and Malayalam Tamil of Tamilians is a Dravidian language predominantly spoken in southern India and Sri Lanka, with smaller communities of speakers in many other countries. ... Malayalam (മലയാളം) is the major language of the state of Kerala, in southern India. ... Telugu belongs to the family of Dravidian languages and is the official language of the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. ... Punjabi (sometimes spelled Panjabi) is the language of the Punjab regions of India and Pakistan. ... Konkani is a term used to refer both to a language and to an Indian ethnic group. ... Nepali is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in Nepal, India and Bhutan. ... Kannada - aptly described as sirigannada (known to few as Kanarese) is one of the oldest Dravidian languages and is spoken in its various dialects by roughly 45 million people. ...

See also: Growth of Mumbai The following is a timeline of the growth of Mumbais population over the last four centuries 1661: 10,000 inhabitants 1675: 60,000 1864: 816,562 1872: 644,605 1881: 773,196 1891: 821,764 1901: 812,912 (Greater Bombay) 1911: 1,018,388 1921: 1,244,934 1931...

People and culture

A resident of Mumbai is called a Mumbaikar or Bombayite. Many residents prefer to stay close to major railway stations for easy access to their workplaces as a significant amount of time is spent on daily commuting. Thus many live a fast-paced life with very little time for other activities. Mumbai is known to be one of the most liberal and cosmopolitan cities of India, with the city embracing many concepts which would be taboo in other cities. Mumbai synergises western and Indian celebrations and festivals which are celebrated by all irrespective of religion. Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... For the Taboo party game, see Taboo (game). ... List of Festivals in India Hindu Makar Sankranti, Kite Flying Day, Winter festival Baisakhi Mahashivratri Holi Gudi Padwa Ram Navami Guru Purnima Gokul Ashtami Karthikai deepam Pongal Raksha Bandhan, Rakhi, Sacred Thread tied by sister on Brothers hand Onam Ganesh Chaturthi Durga Puja Dussehra or Daserra Diwali Diwali Amvasaya...

The metropolis has its own local roadside fast food consisting of vada pavs and bhelpuri. South Indian and Chinese food are also very popular in the city. A cosmopolitan city, residents have their unique tastes in cuisine, music, film and literature, both Indian and international. In 2004, Mumbai received three heritage conservation awards from the UNESCO. Fast food is food prepared and served quickly at a fast-food restaurant or shop at low cost. ... Vada Pavs (also spelt Wada Pav) are Bombays very own fast food. ... Bhelpuri is a snack synonymous with the beaches of Bombay. ... South India is a geographic and linguistic-cultural region of India. ... China has one of the richest culinary heritages on Earth. ... A cuisine (from French cuisine, meaning cooking; culinary art; kitchen; itself from Latin coquina, meaning the same; itself from the Latin verb coquere, meaning to cook) is a specific set of cooking traditions and practices, often associated with a place of origin. ... The music of India includes multiples varieties of folk and pop music, along with Carnatic and Hindustani classical music. ... Film refers to the celluloid media on which movies are printed Film — also called movies, the cinema, the silver screen, moving pictures, photoplays, picture shows, flicks, or motion pictures, — is a field that encompasses motion pictures as an art form or as part of the entertainment industry. ... Literature is literally an acquaintance with letters as in the first sense given in the Oxford English Dictionary (from the Latin littera meaning an individual written character (letter)). The term has, however, generally come to identify a collection of texts. ... 2004 is a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Elabana Falls is in Lamington National Park, part of the Central Eastern Rainforest Reserves World Heritage site in Queensland, Australia. ... UNESCO logo The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, commonly known as UNESCO, is a specialized agency of the United Nations system established in 1946. ...

Mumbai is the birthplace of Indian cinema, with the oldest film shot here in 1896. Mumbai also boasts of large number of cinemas, including Asia's largest IMAX dome theatre, which feature mainstream Bollywood and Hollywood films. Besides cinemas, the city also hosts various plays and cultural performances. There are also two art galleries: The Jehangir Art Gallery and The National Gallery of Modern Art and a museum, The Prince of Wales Museum in South Mumbai. Built in 1833, the Asiatic Society of Bombay is the oldest public library in the city. Chatrapati Shivaji Terminus, formerly known as Victoria Terminus Photograph taken ~22 Sept 2003 by Joedjemal Edited 2004 05 10 - see talk page for details File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Chatrapati Shivaji Terminus, formerly known as Victoria Terminus Photograph taken ~22 Sept 2003 by Joedjemal Edited 2004 05 10 - see talk page for details File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... CST Railway Station Chatrapati Shivaji Terminus (formerly Victoria Terminus) (better referred to by its acronym CST) - is a historic railway station on Mumbai suburban railway. ... India is a major regional center for cinema. ... 1896 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... World map showing location of Asia A satellite composite image of Asia Asia is the central and eastern part of the continent of Eurasia, defined by subtracting the European peninsula from Eurasia. ... IMAX (for Image Maximum) is a film projection system which has the capacity to display images of far greater size and resolution than conventional film display systems. ... Typical Bollywood Movie Poster Bollywood is the informal name given to the popular Mumbai-based film industry in India. ... For other uses, see Hollywood (disambiguation) Greetings from Hollywood Hollywood is a district of the City of Los Angeles, California, U.S.A., that runs from about Vermont Avenue on the east to just beyond Laurel Canyon Boulevard above Sunset and Crescent Heights Boulevards on the west; the north to... An art gallery or art museum is a space for the exhibition of art, usually visual art, and usually primarily paintings and sculpture. ... The Jehangir Art Gallery is Mumbai’s most famous art gallery and a tourist attraction. ... The National Gallery of Modern Art is an art gallery in South Mumbai, India. ... The Prince of Wales Museum (now renamed Chatrapati Shivaji Museum), Bombay, India, was set up in the early years of the 20th century by some prominent citizens of Bombay with the help of the government, to commemorate the visit of the Prince of Wales, the future King Edward VII of... 1833 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... The Asiatic Society of Bombay is a public state library in the city of Mumbai, India. ... Librarians and patrons in a typical larger urban public library A public library is a library which is accessible by the public and is often operated by civil servants and funded from public sources. ...

Mumbai has only six sister cities, the maximum permitted by the Indian government. Its sister cities are London, Los Angeles, Yokohama, Berlin, Saint Petersburg and Stuttgart. This article is about partnerships between towns distant from each other; see Twin cities for the different concept of physically neighbouring cities. ... Greater London and the Regions of England. ... Griffith Observatory and the Downtown Los Angeles skyline. ... For the town of Yokohama in Aomori Prefecture, see Yokohama, Aomori. ... Berlin (pronounced: , German ) is the capital of Germany and its largest city, with 3,387,404 inhabitants (as of September 2004); down from 4. ... Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербу́рг, English transliteration: Sankt-Peterburg), colloquially known as Питер (transliterated Piter), formerly known as Leningrad (Ленингра́д, 1924–1991) and Petrograd (Петрогра́д, 1914–1924), is a city located in Northwestern Russia on the delta of the river Neva at the east end of the Gulf of Finland... Stuttgart is a city located in southern Germany, it is the capital of the state of Baden-Württemberg, and has a population of approximately 600,000 as of June 2004. ...

These are a list of picture halls in the city of Mumbai, India: Major Cinemas 24-Carat Eros Cinema Fame Adlabs Fun Republic G-7 Galaxy Cinema Globus (Cinema) IMAX Adlabs Metro Cinema Minerva Movie Time New Empire (English) New Excelsior R-Adlabs Regal Cinema (English) Shaan Cinema Sterling Cinema... Mumbai has a centuries old history and many sites of tourist interest. ...

Utility services

The BMC supplies potable water to the city most of which come the Tulsi and Vihar lakes, as well as a few lakes further north. The water is then filtered at Bhandup, which is also Asia's largest water filtration plant. The BMC is also responsible for the road maintenance and garbage collection in the city. Almost all the city daily refuse of 7,800 metric tonnes^{[9] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai#endnote_garbage)} is transported to dumping grounds in Gorai in the northwest, Mulund in the northeast and Deonar in the east. Sewage treatment is carried out in Worli and Bandra. Drinking water This article focuses on water as we experience it every day. ... Bhandup is a suburb of Mumbai. ... A tonne (also called metric ton) is a non-SI unit of mass, accepted for use with SI, defined as: 1 tonne = 103 kg (= 106 g). ... Gorai is a small township in Bombay, India. ... Mulund is a suburb of Mumbai. ... Deonar is a north-eastern suburb of Mumbai, India. ... Sewage is domestic, municipal, or industrial liquid waste products. ... Worli is a neighbourhood of Mumbai, the largest city in India. ... Bandra is the name of a railway station on the Mumbai suburban railway on the Western Railway railway line. ...

Electricity is provided by the BEST in the city and by Reliance Energy in the suburbs. Most of the city's electricity is hydroelectric and nuclear based. The government owned MTNL is the largest telephone service provider in the city, ascribed to the fact that it was a monopoly till 2000. It provides fixed line services as well as mobile WLL services. Cell phone coverage is extensive and the main service providers are Orange, Airtel, BPL, Reliance Infocomm and Tata Indicom. Both GSM and CDMA services are available in the city. The article on electrical energy is located elsewhere. ... Reliance Energy is a company run by the Reliance group of industries, one of Indias largest conglomerates. ... Hydroelectric dam diagram The waters of Llyn Stwlan, the upper reservoir of the Ffestiniog Pumped-Storage Scheme in north Wales, can just be glimpsed on the right. ... Nuclear power station at Leibstadt, Switzerland. ... The Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited is the government owned telephone service provider in the cities of Bombay, New Delhi and New Bombay in India. ... A telephone handset A touch-tone telephone dial Telephone The telephone or phone (Greek: tele = far away and phone = voice) is a telecommunications device that transmits speech by means of electric signals. ... In economics, a monopoly (from the Greek monos, one + polein, to sell) is defined as a persistent market situation where there is only one provider of a kind of product or service. ... 2000 is a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Wireless local loop (WLL), also called radio in the loop (RITL) or fixed-radio access (FRA), is the use of wireless connection as the last mile for delivering plain old telephone service (POTS) to customers. ... Cellular redirects here. ... See also Orange (disambiguation) for other meanings of the word. ... AirTel is a brand of cell phone services in India operated by Bharti Televentures. ... BPL is short for Broadband over Power Lines , also known as Power line communication (PLC). ... Reliance Infocomm is one of the biggest telecommunications service provider in India and it belongs to the biggest business group called Reliance Industries Limited. ... Tata Indicom is a private telecom service provider operating in most parts of India. ... GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) is the most popular standard for mobile phones in the world. ... General Information Generically (as a multiplexing scheme), code division multiple access (CDMA) is any use of any form of spread spectrum by multiple transmitters to send to the same receiver on the same frequency channel at the same time without harmful interference. ...

See also: Mumbai's water sources Mumbai is blessed with an abundance of lakes in the vicinity. ...

Media

Mumbai is served by numerous newspaper publications, television stations and radio. The Times of India, Midday, Afternoon, Asian Age, Economic Times and the Indian Express are the major English language newspapers sold in the city. In addition to these papers, newspapers are printed in Hindi, Marathi, Gujarati and Bengali and Tamil. Reading the newspaper: Brookgreen Gardens in Pawleys Island, South Carolina. ... The Common Man featured on a commemorative stamp released by the Indian Postal Service on the 150th Anniversary of the Times of India - 1988. ... Noon is the time exactly halfway through the day, written 12:00 in the 24-hour clock and 12:00 pm in the 12-hour clock. ... The Afternoon is an afternoon tabloid in Mumbai, India. ... The Asian Age is a newspaper sold in the Indian city of Bombay. ... Overview The Economic Times was launched in 1961 It is Indias largest Financial Daily and the Worlds second largest Financial Daily after Wall Street Journal. ... The Indian Express is an Indian newspaper started by Ram Nath Goenka, and is published from New Delhi. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Hindi (हिन्दी) is a language spoken in most states in northern and central India. ... Marathi is one of the widely spoken languages of India, and has a long literary history. ... Gujarati can mean two distinct things: The Gujarati language is a language spoken in India,and pakistan [1] mostly in and around the Gujarat state. ... This article is about the Bengali language. ... The consonant ழ் believed to be unique to Tamil and Malayalam Tamil of Tamilians is a Dravidian language predominantly spoken in southern India and Sri Lanka, with smaller communities of speakers in many other countries. ...

Most of the households in Mumbai are served by one of the three main cable networks serving the city. Doordarshan, the national television broadcaster, has two free terrestrial channels on air. Direct To Home, though present, has yet to gain mass acceptance due to its higher costs. Mumbai receives over a hundred television channels and a majority of them are produced to cater to the city's polyglot populace. The metropolis is also the hub of many international media corporations with many news channels and print publications having a major presence. Doordarshan is a public broadcast terrestrial television Channel run by Prasar Bharati, which is a board nominated by the Government of India. ... An American family watching television in the 1950s. ... Satellite television is television delivered by way of orbiting communications satellites located 37,000 km (22,300 miles) above the earths surface. ... A person that can speak more than one language A book that contains the same text in more than one language, usually a bible such as the first polyglot bible the Complutensian Polyglot Bible A language that is a combination of other languages A computer program that is valid in...

There are ten radio stations in Mumbai, with seven broadcasting in the popular FM band and three All India Radio stations broadcasting in the AM band. Radio transmission diagram and electromagnetic waves Radio is a technology that allows the transmission of signals by modulation of electromagnetic waves with frequencies below those of light. ... Frequency modulation (FM) is a form of modulation which represents information as variations in the instantaneous frequency of a carrier wave. ... For the electronica band, see All India Radio (band) All India Radio is a radio broadcaster operated by the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting in India. ... Amplitude modulation (AM) is a form of modulation in which the amplitude of a carrier wave is varied in direct proportion to that of a modulating signal. ...

See also: List of Mumbai telecom companies Radio City is a FM radio station in India. ... A megahertz (MHz) is one million (106) hertz, a measure of frequency. ... Go 92. ... Red FM is a FM radio channel in Bombay, India. ... Win FM is a FM radio channel in Bombay, India. ... Radio Mirchi is a nationwide network of Private FM radio stations in India. ... AIR FM Gold is a FM radio channel in Bombay, India. ... AIR FM Rainbow is a group of FM radio channels across India. ... A kilohertz (kHz) is a unit of frequency equal to 1,000 hertz (1,000 cycles per second). ... Telecom Operators in Mumbai The city has basic landline operators as well as Cell phone operators. ...

Education

Schools in Mumbai are either run by the BMC, in which case they are called public schools, or privately by trusts and individuals. Private schools have become a preferred option to a majority of city residents due to better facilities and use of English as a medium of instruction. All private schools are affiliated either to the Maharashtra state SSC board or the all-India ICSE and CBSE boards. Demand is especially high for ICSE, CBSE affiliated schools and those run by convents or by the Jesuits. The government-run public schools lack many facilities, but are the only options for most of the poor who cannot afford the fees in private schools. The Secondary School Certificate (also known as SSC) is a public Examination taken by students in Bangladesh after completion of 10 years at school. ... The Indian Certificate of Secondary Education (ICSE) examination is an examination conducted by the Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations for class 10, i. ... The Central Board of Secondary Education is a board of school education in India. ... This article is about an abbey as a religious building. ... The Society of Jesus (Latin: Societas Iesu), commonly known as the Jesuits, is a Roman Catholic religious order. ...

After ten years of schooling, students enrol for two years in a Junior College where they choose from one of the four popular streams: Arts, Commerce, Science and Law. This is followed by a professional degree course in the corresponding stream. All professional colleges in Mumbai are affiliated to the Mumbai University, one of the largest universities in the world in terms of matriculation. The Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, one of world's premier engineering universities, and the SNDT Women's University, open to women only, are the other universities in Mumbai. Community college in Canada and the United States Junior college in Singapore ... In the history of education, the seven liberal arts comprise two groups of studies, the trivium and the quadrivium. ... This article needs cleanup. ... For the scientific journal named Science, see Science (journal). ... Law (a loanword from Danish- Norwegian lov), in politics and jurisprudence, is a set of rules or norms of conduct which mandate, proscribe or permit specified relationships among people and organizations, provide methods for ensuring the impartial treatment of such people, and provide punishments for those who do not follow... The University of Mumbai is one of the outstanding universities of India. ... A university is an institution of higher education and of research, which grants academic degrees. ... The Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay (IIT Bombay)is one of the Indian Institutes of Technology. ... Engineering is the application of science to the needs of humanity. ... SNDT is a womens university in the city of Mumbai, India. ...

Mumbai (formerly Bombay) has a large number of colleges. ... Education in India is divided into preprimary, primary, middle (or intermediate), secondary (or high school), and higher levels. ...

Sports

Cricket is the most popular sport in the city and is usually played in the maidans around the city. Gully cricket, a modified form of cricket, is played in the narrow gullies in the city especially on Sundays. International cricket is widely watched, and the city almost comes to a standstill on days when the Indian cricket team plays important matches. The city has two international cricket stadiums, the Wankhede Stadium and the Brabourne Stadium. The local Mumbai cricket team is one of the strongest domestic teams that compete in the national Ranji Trophy, the nation's top domestic cricketing event. For more coverage of cricket, go to the Cricket Portal. ... A sport consists of a normal physical activity or skill carried out under a publicly agreed set of rules, and with a recreational purpose: for competition, for self-enjoyment, to attain excellence, for the development of skill, or some combination of these. ... The Maidan is an unofficial region of Karnataka state of southern India. ... In cricket, other than Test matches, One day International matches and First class matches, other forms of the sport do exist They are: Short form cricket Cricket is also played in several different shortened forms, designed to pack as much action as possible into an hour or two. ... The Indian cricket team is a national cricket team representing India. ... The Wankhede Stadium is the largest cricket stadium in the Indian city of Mumbai. ... The Brabourne Stadium is a cricket ground in the Indian city of Mumbai. ... The Mumbai cricket team is one of the top cricket teams in the Ranji Trophy, Indias top domestic competition. ... The Ranji Trophy is the domestic first-class cricket championship played in India between state and city sides, equivalent to county cricket in England and the Sheffield Shield in Australia, and also denotes the trophy that is awarded to the winner. ...

Football (soccer) is the second most popular sport. The city has its own clubs and the football season is played during the monsoons when other outdoor sports cannot be played. The Football World Cup is one of the most widely watched television events in Mumbai. Hockey, India's national sport, has gone into a sharp decline in the recent years, losing out in terms of popularity to cricket, though many players who make up the national team are from Mumbai. The striker (wearing red jersey) has run past the defender (in white jersey) and is about to take a shot at the goal, while the goalkeeper positions himself to stop the ball. ... The Football World Cup (official name: FIFA World Cup) is the most important competition in international football (soccer). ... A game of field hockey in progress Field Hockey is a popular sport for men and women in many countries around the world. ...

Other sports are mostly played in the numerous clubs and gymkhanas and include tennis, squash, billiards, badminton, table tennis and golf. Mumbai also has a rugby club, the only one in the country. Every February, Mumbai holds the Derby equestrian races in the Mahalaxmi Racecourse. The event sees many of the city's glitterati attending, arrayed in the latest fashions. In recent times Formula 1 racing has also caught the public's attention. Other sports such as volleyball and basketball are mostly popular in schools and colleges. This article is about the sport, tennis. ... Squash racquet and ball Squash is an indoor racquet sport which was, until recently, called Squash Racquets, a reference to the squashable soft ball used in the game (compared with the harder ball used in its parent game Racquets-see below). ... Pool table with cue ball, object balls, cue stick, and rack Billiards is a game played on a table with low rubber boundary around the edges, small balls, and a stick or cue used to push the white ball into other balls. ... This article is about the racquet sport badminton. ... Regional competition level table tennis, showing table, net, and player getting ready to return the ball with a winning backhand topspin stroke. ... Golfer teeing off at the start of a hole Golf is an outdoor game where individual players or teams play a small ball into a hole using various clubs. ... This article discusses the sport Rugby. For other uses see Rugby. ... February is the second month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... A derby is a type of horse race, named after the Epsom Derby, still run at Epsom racecourse, England, which was in turn named for Edward Smith Stanley, 12th Earl Of Derby, who inaugurated the race in 1780. ... Equestrian has several meanings: An equestrian is a horseback rider: see equestrianism An equestrian (Roman) is a member of one of the upper classes in ancient Rome. ... The Mahalaxmi Racecourse is a horse racing ground in the Indian city of Bombay. ... Formula One, abbreviated to F1 and also known as Grand Prix racing, is the highest class of single-seat open-wheel auto racing. ... Volleyball is a popular sport where teams separated by a high net hit a ball back and forth between the teams. ... Basketball Basketball is a ball sport in which two teams of five players each try to score points by throwing a ball through a hoop. ...