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Encyclopedia > Mumps
Mumps virus

TEM micrograph of the mumps virus.
Virus classification
Group: Group V ((-)ssRNA)
Order: Mononegavirales
Family: Paramyxoviridae
Genus: Rubulavirus
Type species
Mumps virus
For other uses of the word Mumps or MUMPS, see Mumps (disambiguation).

Mumps or epidemic parotitis is a viral disease of the human species. The word "mumps" originally meant "to mumble", and came to be applied to the disease because of the side effects it causes. Prior to the development of vaccination and the introduction of a vaccine, it was a common childhood disease worldwide, and is still a significant threat to health in the third world.[1] Image File history File links PHIL_1874. ... TEM redirects here. ... Virus classification involves naming and placing viruses into a taxonomic system. ... An RNA virus is a virus that either uses RNA as its genetic material, or whose genetic material passes through an RNA intermediate during replication. ... Families Paramyxoviridae Rhabdoviridae Filoviridae Bornaviridae The Mononegavirales are an order of viruses comprising species that have a non-segmented, negative sense RNA genome. ... Genera See text Paramyxoviruses are viruses of the Paramyxoviridae family of the Mononegavirales order; they are negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses responsible for a number of human and animal diseases. ... In biology, a type is that which fixes a name to a taxon. ... Mumps or MUMPS may refer to Mumps -- disease MUMPS (or M) -- computer programming language MUMPS -- numeric linear algebra software for parallel computers The Mumps -- a 1970s punk band featuring Lance Loud Category: ... Parotitis is an inflammation of one or both parotid glands. ... A common alternate meaning of virus is computer virus. ... This article is about modern humans. ... A vial of the vaccine against influenza. ... Several varieties of mumps vaccine have been used since 1949, and at least 10 strains were in use in 2006:[1] The first vaccine was a killed mumps virus vaccine developed in 1948 and used in the United States from 1950-1978. ... The term childhood disease is sometimes subjective, and does not refer to an accepted, categorical list. ... For the Jamaican reggae band, see Third World (band). ...


Painful swelling of the salivary glands (classically the parotid gland) is the most typical presentation.[2] Painful testicular swelling and rash may also occur. While symptoms are generally not severe in children, the symptoms in teenagers and adults can be more severe and complications such as infertility or subfertility are relatively common, although still rare in absolute terms.[3],[4],[5] The disease is generally self-limited, running its course before waning, with no specific treatment apart from controlling the symptoms with painkillers. The salivary glands produce saliva, which keeps the mouth and other parts of the digestive system moist. ... For the toad wart, see parotoid gland. ... Look up testes in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... A rash is a change in skin which affects its color, appearance, or texture. ... Infertility primarily refers to the biological inability of a man or a woman to contribute to conception. ... A couple that has tried unsuccessfully to have a child for a year or more is said to be subfertile. ... For other uses of painkiller, see painkiller (disambiguation) An analgesic (colloquially known as painkiller) is any member of the diverse group of drugs used to relieve pain. ...

Contents
Mumps
Classification and external resources
ICD-10 B26.
ICD-9 072
DiseasesDB 8449
MedlinePlus 001557
eMedicine emerg/324  emerg/391 ped/1503


The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify diseases and a wide variety of signs, symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances and external causes of injury or disease. ... The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10) is a coding of diseases and signs, symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances and external causes of injury or diseases, as classified by the World Health Organization (WHO). ... // A00-A79 - Bacterial infections, and other intestinal infectious diseases, and STDs (A00-A09) Intestinal infectious diseases (A00) Cholera (A01) Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers (A010) Typhoid fever (A02) Other Salmonella infections (A03) Shigellosis (A04) Other bacterial intestinal infections (A040) Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli infection (A045) Campylobacter enteritis (A046) Enteritis due to Yersinia... The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify diseases and a wide variety of signs, symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances and external causes of injury or disease. ... The following is a list of codes for International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. ... The Disease Bold textDatabase is a free website that provides information about the relationships between medical conditions, symptoms, and medications. ... MedlinePlus (medlineplus. ... eMedicine is an online clinical medical knowledge base that was founded in 1996. ...


Symptoms

Comparison of a person before and after contracting the mumps
Comparison of a person before and after contracting the mumps

The more common symptoms of mumps are: Image File history File links Mumps_comparison. ... Image File history File links Mumps_comparison. ...

  • Parotid inflammation (or parotitis) in 60–70% of infections and 95% of patients with symptoms.[2] Parotitis causes swelling and local pain, particularly when chewing. It can occur on one side (unilateral) or both sides (bilateral).
  • Fever
  • Headache
  • Orchitis, referring to painful inflammation of the testicle.[6] Males past puberty who develop mumps have a 30 percent risk of orchitis.[7]

Other symptoms of mumps can include sore face and/or ears and occasionally in more serious cases, loss of voice. For the toad wart, see parotoid gland. ... An abscess on the skin, showing the redness and swelling characteristic of inflammation. ... Parotitis is an inflammation of one or both parotid glands. ... Parotitis is an inflammation of one or both parotid glands. ... An analogue medical thermometer showing the temperature of 38. ... A headache (cephalgia in medical terminology) is a condition of pain in the head; sometimes neck or upper back pain may also be interpreted as a headache. ... Orchitis is an often very painful condition of the testicles involving inflammation, swelling and frequently infection. ...


Prodrome

Fever and headache can occur already as prodromal symptoms of mumps, together with malaise and anorexia. In medicine, a prodrome is an early symptom indicating the development of a disease, or indicating that a disease attack is imminent. ... Malaise is a feeling of general discomfort or uneasiness, an out of sorts feeling, often the first indication of an infection or other disease. ... This article is about the symptom of decreased appetite. ...


Signs and tests

A physical examination confirms the presence of the swollen glands. Usually the disease is diagnosed on clinical grounds and no confirmatory laboratory testing is needed. If there is uncertainty about the diagnosis, a test of saliva, urine, or blood may be carried out; a newer diagnostic confirmation, using real-time nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology, has also been developed [8]. An estimated 20%-30% of cases are asymptomatic.[9] Serology is the scientific study of blood serum. ...


Treatment

There is no specific treatment for mumps. Symptoms may be relieved by the application of intermittent ice or heat to the affected neck area and by Acetaminophen/Paracetamol (Tylenol) for pain relief. Aspirin use is discouraged in young children because of studies showing an increased risk of Reye's syndrome.[10] Warm salt water gargles, soft foods, and extra fluids may also help relieve symptoms. Acetaminophen (USAN) or paracetamol (INN), is a popular analgesic and antipyretic drug that is used for the relief of fever, headaches, and other minor aches and pains. ... This article is about the drug. ... Reyes syndrome is a potentially fatal disease that causes numerous detrimental effects to many organs, especially the brain and liver. ...


Patients are advised to avoid fruit juice or any acidic foods, since these stimulate the salivary glands, which can be painful.


Prognosis

Death is very unusual. The disease is self-limiting, and general outcome is good, even if other organs are involved. Mumps viral infections in adult males carries a 25% risk that the testes may become infected leading to sterility. After the illness, life-long immunity to mumps generally occurs. Immunity is a medical term that describes a state of having sufficient biological defenses to avoid infection, disease, or other unwanted biological invasion. ...


Complications

Known complications of mumps include:

  • Infection of other organ systems
  • Sterility in men (this is quite rare, and mostly occurs in older men)
  • Mild forms of meningitis (rare, 40% of cases occur without parotid swelling)
  • Encephalitis (very rare, rarely fatal)
  • Profound (91 dB or more) but rare sensorineural hearing loss, uni- or bilateral
  • Pancreatitis manifesting as pain abdomen and vomiting
  • Oophoritis (inflammation of ovaries) but fertility is rarely affected.

Meningitis is the inflammation of the protective membranes covering the central nervous system, known collectively as the meninges. ... Encephalitis is an acute inflammation of the brain, commonly caused by a viral infection. ... Hearing impairment or deafness is decreased or absent ability to perceive auditory information. ...

Prevention

The most common preventative measure against mumps is immunization with a mumps vaccine. The vaccine may be given separately or as part of the MMR immunization vaccine which also protects against measles and rubella. In the US, MMR is now being supplanted by MMRV, which adds protection against chickenpox. The WHO (World Health Organization) recommends the use of mumps vaccines in all countries with well-functioning childhood vaccination programmes. In the United Kingdom it is routinely given to children at age 15 months. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends the routine administration of MMR vaccine at ages 12-15 months and at 4-6 years.[11] In some locations, the vaccine is given again between 4 to 6 years of age, or between 11 and 12 years of age if not previously given. Efficacy of the vaccine depends on the strain of the vaccine, but is usually around 80%.[12],[13] The Jeryl Lynn strain is most commonly used in developed countries, but has been shown to have reduced efficacy in epidemic situations. The Leningrad-Zagreb strain is commonly used in developing countries, but appears to have superior efficacy in epidemic situations.[14] Several varieties of mumps vaccine have been used since 1949, and at least 10 strains were in use in 2006:[1] The first vaccine was a killed mumps virus vaccine developed in 1948 and used in the United States from 1950-1978. ... The MMR vaccine is a mixture of three live attenuated viruses, administered via injection for immunization against measles, mumps and rubella. ... Rubella, commonly known as German measles, is a disease caused by the rubella virus. ... For other uses, see Chickenpox (disambiguation). ... WHO redirects here. ... The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) is an organization of pediatricians, physicians trained to deal with the medical care of infants, children, and adolescents. ... A vaccine is an antigenic preparation used to establish immunity to a disease. ...


Some anti-vaccine activists protest against the administration of a vaccine against mumps, claiming that the attenuated vaccine strain is harmful, and/or that the wild disease is beneficial. Disagreeing, the WHO, the American Academy of Pediatrics, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the American Academy of Family Physicians, the British Medical Association and the Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain currently recommend routine vaccination of children against mumps. The British Medical Association and Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain had previously recommended against general mumps vaccination, changing that recommendation in 1987. In 1988 it became United Kingdom government policy to introduce mass child mumps vaccination programmes with the MMR vaccine, and MMR vaccine is now routinely administered in the UK. Anti-vaccinationists are those who oppose the practice of vaccination. ... Look up who in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) is an organization of pediatricians, physicians trained to deal with the medical care of infants, children, and adolescents. ... The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Atlanta, Georgia, is recognized as the leading United States agency for protecting the public health and safety of people. ... The American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) was founded in 1947 to promote the science and art of family medicine. ... // The British Medical Association (BMA) is the professional association and registered trade union for doctors in the United Kingdom. ... The Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain (RPSGB) is the regulatory and professional body for pharmacists in England, Scotland and Wales. ...


Before the introduction of the mumps vaccine, the mumps virus was the leading cause of viral meningoencephalitis in the United States. However, encephalitis occurs rarely (less than 2 per 100,000).[15] In one of the largest studies in the literature, the most common symptoms of mumps meningoencephalitis were found to be fever (97%), vomiting (94%) and headache (88.8%).[16] The mumps vaccine was introduced into the United States in December 1967: since its introduction there has been a steady decrease in the incidence of mumps and mumps virus infection. There were 151,209 cases of mumps reported in 1968. Since 2001, the case average was only 265 per year, excluding an outbreak of >6000 cases in 2006 attributed largely to university contagion in young adults.[17][18]


See also

  • List of modern mumps outbreaks

References

  1. ^ Kasper DL, Braunwald E, Fauci AS, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Jameson JL, Isselbacher KJ, Eds. (2004). Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 16th, McGraw-Hill Professional. ISBN 0-07-140235-7. 
  2. ^ a b Hviid A, Rubin S, Mühlemann K (2008). "Mumps". Lancet 371 (9616): 932–44. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60419-5 . PMID 18342688. 
  3. ^ Preveden T, Jovanovic J, Ristic D (1996). "[Fertility in men after mumps infection without manifestations of orchitis]". Med Pregl 49 (3-4): 99-102. PubMed. 
  4. ^ Shakhov EV, Krupin VN (1990). "[The clinico-statistical characteristics of the testicular generative function in male subfertility following mumps]". Urol Nefrol (Mosk) (2): 46-50. PubMed. 
  5. ^ Tsvetkov D (1990). "[Spermatological disorders in patients with postmumps orchitis]". Akush Ginekol (Sofiia) 29 (6): 46-9. PubMed. 
  6. ^ Manson AL (1990). "Mumps orchitis". Urology 36 (4): 355-8. doi:10.1016/0090-4295(90)80248-L . PubMed. 
  7. ^ [1][dead link]
  8. ^ Real-time PCR for mumps diagnosis on clinical spec...[J Clin Virol. 2006] – PubMed Result
  9. ^ http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/reprint/295/20/2348.pdf#search=%22orchitis%20iowa%20health%2030%2020%22
  10. ^ The significance of these studies has been questioned.
  11. ^ [2]PDF
  12. ^ Schlegel M, Osterwalder JJ, Galeazzi RL, Vernazza PL (1999). "Comparative efficacy of three mumps vaccines during disease outbreak in Eastern Switzerland: cohort study". BMJ 319 (7206): 352. PMID 10435956. 
  13. ^ [3] Summary]. WHO: Mumps vaccine. Retrieved on 2006-04-18.
  14. ^ Peltola H, Kulkarni PS, Kapre SV, Paunio M, Jadhav SS, Dhere RM (2007). "Mumps outbreaks in Canada and the United States: Time for new thinking on mumps vaccines". Clin Infect Dis 45: 459–66. doi:10.1086/520028. 
  15. ^ Atkinson W, Humiston S, Wolfe C, Nelson R (Editors). (2006). Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases, 9th, Centers for Disease Control and prevention. Fulltext. 
  16. ^ Kanra G, Isik P, Kara A, Cengiz AB, Secmeer G, Ceyhan M (2004). "Complementary findings in clinical and epidemiologic features of mumps and mumps meningoencephalitis in children without mumps vaccination". Pediatr Int 46 (6): 663-8. doi:10.1111/j.1442-200x.2004.01968.x. PubMed. 
  17. ^ http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5553a1.htm
  18. ^ http://www.latimes.com/features/health/la-he-mumps14apr14,1,547450.story

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External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
  • Original version based on the National Library of Medicine's Medline Plus website. Update Date: 08/15/01. Update date included for cross-reference against newer versions.
  • Schlegel M, Osterwalder JJ, Galeazzi RL, Vernazza PL (1999). "Comparative efficacy of three mumps vaccines during disease outbreak in Eastern Switzerland: cohort study". BMJ 319 (7206): 352. PubMed fulltext @ BMJJournals.com. 
  • NHS.uk – Encyclopedia – 'NHS Direct Online Health Encyclopaedia: Mumps', National Health Service (UK)
  • WHO.int – "Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals: Mumps vaccine", World Health Organisation
  • MicrobiologyBytes: Paramyxoviruses"
  • nih.gov – "NIH database entry: complete genome of Miyahara strain of Mumps"
  • cdc.gov – Collection of information from the CDC concerning mumps
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Norovirus, an RNA virus of the Caliciviridae taxonomic family, causes approximately 90% of epidemic non-bacterial outbreaks of gastroenteritis around the world,[1][2] and is responsible for 50% of all foodborne outbreaks of gastroenteritis in the US.[3] Norovirus affects people of all ages. ... Astroviruses that infect humans have been poorly studied due to the fact that they do not grow in culture. ... Coronavirus is a genus of animal virus belonging to the family Coronaviridae. ... Genera Mastadenovirus Aviadenovirus Atadenovirus Siadenovirus Adenoviruses are viruses of the family Adenoviridae. ... Human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) is a human, single-stranded RNA retrovirus that causes T-cell leukemia and T-cell lymphoma in adults and may also be involved in certain demyelinating diseases, including tropical spastic paraparesis. ... Leukemia or leukaemia (Greek leukos λευκός, white; aima αίμα, blood) is a cancer of the blood or bone marrow and is characterized by an abnormal proliferation (production by multiplication) of blood cells, usually white blood cells (leukocytes). ... Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is a virus in the family Rhabdoviridae, order Mononegavirales. ... An oncolytic virus is a virus used to treat cancer due to their ability to specifically infect cancer cells, while leaving normal cells unharmed. ... Species see text Cytomegalovirus (CMV) (from the Greek cyto-, cell, and -mega-, large) is a viral genus of the Herpesviruses group: in humans it is commonly known as human herpesvirus 5 (HHV-5). ... Bornholm disease or pleurodynia is a disease caused by the Coxsackie virus. ... For other uses, see Mouth (disambiguation). ... A renal cell carcinoma (chromophobe type) viewed on a hematoxylin & eosin stained slide Pathologist redirects here. ... Oral pathology, also known in the United States of America as oral and maxillofacial pathology is the specialty of dentistry and pathology which deals with the nature, identification, and management of diseases affecting the oral and maxillofacial regions. ... In dentistry, anodontia, also called anodontia vera, is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the congenital absence of all primary or permanent teeth. ... In dentistry, hypodontia is the condition of naturally having fewer than the regular number of teeth. ... This does not cite its references or sources. ... Concrescence is a condition of teeth where the cementum overlying the roots of at least two teeth join together. ... In dentistry, tooth fusion is the joining of two teeth, resulting in a single large tooth. ... Gemination is when, during development, a tooth splits to form what appears to be two teeth. ... Dens envaginatus is a condition found in teeth where the outer surface appears to form an extra bump or cusp. ... A talon cusp, also known as an eagles talon, is an extra cusp on an anterior tooth. ... Dens invaginatus, also known as dens in dente, is a condition found in teeth where the outer surface folds inward. ... An enamel pearl is a condition of teeth where enamel is found on locations where enamel is not supposed to be, such as on a root surface. ... Macrodontia is a condition in which the teeth appear larger than normal. ... Microdontia is a condition in which teeth appear smaller than normal. ... Taurodontism is a condition found in teeth where the body of the tooth and pulp chamber is enlarged. ... It is a developmental disturbance in shape of teeth. ... Regional odontodysplasia is a developmental abnormality of teeth, usually localized to a certain area and nonhereditary. ... Turners hypoplasia is an abnormality found in teeth. ... Amelogenesis Imperfecta is an inherited condition that presents abnormal formation of the enamel or external layer of teeth. ... Dentinogenesis imperfecta is a genetic disorder of tooth development. ... Dentin dysplasia is a genetic disorder of teeth, commonly exhibiting an autosomal dominant inheritance. ... Attrition is the loss of tooth structure due to by mechanical forces from opposing teeth. ... Abrasion is the loss of tooth structure by mechanical forces from a foreign element. ... Ankylosis, or Anchylosis is a stiffness of a joint, the result of injury or disease. ... Denticles are body surface structures found on some fish and insects. ... Erosion is the loss of tooth structure due to chemical dissolution by acids not of bacterial origin. ... External resorption is a condition of a tooth where the root surface is lost. ... Picture of a mild case of fluorosis. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... A medical condition that can occur mainly in reptiles when they consume something that they cannot digest. ... Internal resorption is an unusual condition of a tooth when the dentin and pulpal walls begin to resorb centrally within the root canal. ... Periodontitis, formerly known as Pyorrhea alveolaris, is the name of a collection of inflammatory diseases affecting the tissues that surround and support the teeth. ... Pulpitis is an inflammation of the dental pulp. ... Mouth ulcer on the lower lip An oral ulcer (from Latin ulcus) is the name for the appearance of an open sore inside the mouth caused by a break in the mucous membrane or the epithelium on the lips or surrounding the mouth. ... A malocclusion refers to the misalignment of teeth and/or incorrect relation between the teeth of the two dental arches. ... Micrognathism (or Micrognathia) is a condition where the jaw is undersized. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Retrognathism (or retrognathia) is a type of malocclusion which refers to a mandible which is further posterior than would be expected. ... Temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJD, TMJ or TMD), or TMJ syndrome, is an umbrella term covering acute or chronic inflammation of the temporomandibular joint, which connects the lower jaw to the skull. ... Ameloblastoma is a rare, benign tumor of odontogenic epithelium (ameloblasts, or outside portion, of the teeth during development) much more commonly appearing in the mandible than the maxilla. ... Cherubism is a rare genetic disorder that causes prominace in the lower portion in the face. ... An odontogenic keratocyst is a benign but locally aggressive developmental odontogenic cyst. ... These are an example of large mandibular tori. ... This is an example of palatal torus. ... The salivary glands produce saliva, which keeps the mouth and other parts of the digestive system moist. ... Drooling (also known as ptyalism) is when saliva flows outside the mouth. ... Benign lymphoepithelial lesion is a type of benign enlargement of the parotid and/or lacrimal glands. ... Necrotizing sialometaplasia is an ulcer which feels as if it causes part of the hard palate to fall out. ... A ranula is a type of mucocele found on the floor of the mouth. ... Sialadenitis is inflammation of a salivary gland. ... The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ... Stomatitis is an inflammation of the mucous lining of any of the structures in the mouth, which may involve the cheeks, gums, tongue, lips, and roof or floor of the mouth. ... Xerostomia is the medical term for a dry mouth due to a lack of saliva. ... An aphthous ulcer or canker sore is a type of mouth ulcer which presents as a painful open sore inside the mouth, caused by a break in the mucous membrane. ... For other uses, see Lip (disambiguation). ... The mucous membranes (or mucosae; singular: mucosa) are linings of ectodermic origin, covered in epithelium, and are involved in absorption and secretion. ... A condition where there are deep cracks and splits at the corners of the mouth. ... Erythroplakia is a flat red patch or lesion on the oral or pharyngeal surfaces. ... Hairly leukoplakia is a white patch on the side of the tongue with a corrugated or hairy appearance. ... Leukoplakia is a condition of the mouth that involves the formation of white leathery spots on the mucous membranes of the tongue and inside of the mouth. ... For other uses, see Tongue (disambiguation). ... Geographic tongue (Migratory glossitis) is a medical condition that affects the tongue. ... Fissured tongue is a benign condition characterized by deep grooves (fissures) in dorsum of tongue. ... Glossitis is inflammation or infection of the tongue. ... Glossodynia or burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a condition characterized by a burning or tingling sensation on the lips, tongue, or entire mouth. ... A picture of Black hairy tongue. ...

  Results from FactBites:
 
Mumps (1311 words)
Mumps is a disease caused by a virus that usually spreads through saliva and can infect many parts of the body, especially the parotid salivary glands.
Mumps was common until the mumps vaccine was licensed in 1967.
The mumps virus is contagious and spreads in tiny drops of fluid from the mouth and nose of someone who is infected.
Mumps - MSN Encarta (300 words)
Mumps, acute infectious disease caused by a virus that mainly attacks glandular and nervous tissues, frequently characterized by swelling of the salivary glands.
Mumps is spread from person to person by droplets sprayed from the respiratory tract of infected persons, and it is highly contagious.
Many persons have mumps in such a mild form, however, that it is not recognized, but they still acquire immunity to the disease.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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