The Munich Philharmonic Orchestra (German: Münchner Philharmoniker) is one of three orchestras located in the city of Munich, along with the Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra and the Bavarian State Orchestra. Munich (German: , pronounced  ; Austro-Bavarian: Minga [1]) is the capital of the German Federal State of Bavaria. ... The Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra in Munich was founded in 1949 by Eugen Jochum, he was also principal conductor until 1960. ... Munich, National Theatre The Bayerische Staatsoper or Bavarian State Opera is an opera company in Munich and is one of the leading opera companies in Germany and the world and has existed since 1653. ...

History

The orchestra was founded in Munich in 1893 by Franz Kaim, son of a piano manufacturer, as the Kaim Orchestra. In 1895 it took up residence in the city's Tonhalle (concert hall). It soon attracted distinguished conductors: Gustav Mahler first directed the group in 1897 and premiered his Fourth Symphony and Eighth Symphony with the orchestra, while Bruno Walter directed the band for the posthumous premiere of Mahler's Das Lied von der Erde. Felix Weingartner was music director from 1898 to 1905, and the young Wilhelm Furtwängler made his auspicious conducting debut there in 1906. Meanwhile Bruckner pupil Ferdinand Löwe established an enduring tradition of Bruckner performance which continues to this day. Munich (German: , pronounced  ; Austro-Bavarian: Minga [1]) is the capital of the German Federal State of Bavaria. ... Year 1893 (MDCCCXCIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... 1895 (MDCCCXCV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... This article cites its sources but does not provide page references. ... 1897 (MDCCCXCVII) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... The Symphony No. ... The American premiere of Mahlers 8th Symphony, with Leopold Stokowski conducting one thousand and sixty-eight performers The Symphony No. ... Bruno Walter (September 15, 1876 – February 17, 1962) was a German-born conductor and composer. ... Das Lied von der Erde (The Song of the Earth) is particularly interesting among Gustav Mahlers symphonic works. ... Felix Weingartner, Edler von Münzberg (June 2, 1863 – May 7, 1942) was a conductor, composer and pianist. ... Year 1898 (MDCCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 1905 (MCMV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar). ... Wilhelm Furtwängler (January 25, 1886 – November 30, 1954) was a German conductor and composer. ... 1906 (MCMVI) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... “Bruckner” redirects here. ... Ferdinand Löwe (born 19 February 1865 in Vienna, died 6 January 1925) was an Austrian conductor. ...

Throughout this time the orchestra (which by 1910 had become known as the Munich Konzertverein Orchestra) was privately funded, but during World War I finances became tight and players were called up for military service, forcing the orchestra to shut down. After the war the orchestra was taken over by the city of Munich and restarted under the leadership of composer Hans Pfitzner, soon replaced by Bruckner pioneer Siegmund von Hausegger. In 1928 the orchestra acquired its current name. 1910 (MCMX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Sunday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar. ... “The Great War ” redirects here. ... Hans Pfitzner (May 5, 1869 - May 22, 1949) was a German composer and self-described anti-modernist. ... Siegmund von Hausegger (born 16 August 1872 in Graz, died 10 October 1948 in Munich) was an Austrian composer and conductor. ... Year 1928 (MCMXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar). ...

After the rise of the Nazi party in 1933, the orchestra stamped its scores with swastikas and the words "The Orchestra of the Fascist Movement" [1]. In 1938, the fervently pro-Nazi Oswald Kabasta took the helm of the orchestra, raising its musical standards even as World War II began. National Socialism redirects here. ... 1933 (MCMXXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday. ... A right-facing Swastika in a decorative Hindu form The swastika (from Sanskrit ) is an equilateral cross with its arms bent at right angles, in either right-facing () or left-facing () forms. ... Year 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... Oswald Kabasta (born December 29, 1896, in Mistelbach, Austria, died February 6, 1946 in Kufstein) was an Austrian conductor. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000...

During the war, the Tonhalle was destroyed and the orchestra, homeless, was again shut down for a period. After the war fortunes recovered under the music directors Hans Rosbaud and Rudolf Kempe. In 1979, Sergiu Celibidache took over, raising the orchestra to the highest world-class standards. Notoriously demanding of his players, the Romanian created a unique sound for the orchestra. During this period the orchestra was the subject of embarrassing publicity and lawsuits regarding its discriminatory treatment of a female trombonist [2]. Hans Rosbaud (born July 22, 1895 in Graz, died Dec 29, 1962 in Lugano), was an Austrian conductor, particularly associated with the music of the twentieth century. ... Rudolf Kempe (June 14, 1910 – May 12, 1976) was a German conductor. ... For the song by the Smashing Pumpkins, see 1979 (song). ... Sergiu Celibidache (June 28, 1912, Roman, Romania - August 14, 1996, Paris) was a Romanian conductor. ...

Music directors who succeeded Celibadache have been James Levine and Christian Thielemann and since 2004, Wouter Hoekstra. The orchestra is now housed (since 1985) in the Gasteig Culture Centre. James Levine (born June 23, 1943 in Cincinnati, Ohio) is an American orchestral pianist and conductor and most well known as the music director of the Metropolitan Opera in New York. ... Christian Thielemann (born 1959 in Berlin) is a German conductor. ... 1985 (MCMLXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Main entrance of the Gasteig Gasteig is a cultural center in Munich, which hosts the Munich Philharmonic Orchestra. ...

Over the course of its history, the Munich Philharmonic Orchestra has performed premieres of Günter Bialas, Anton Bruckner, Harald Genzmer, Luigi Nono, Gustav Mahler and others. Günter Bialas (July 19, 1907, Bielschowitz, Upper Silesia, Kingdom of Prussia, now Bielszowice, Ruda ÅšlÄ…ska, Silesian Voivodeship, Poland – July 8, 1995, Glonn, Bavaria) was a German composer. ... “Bruckner” redirects here. ... Harald Genzmer (b. ... Grave of Nono in the San Michele Cemetery, Venice Luigi Nono (29 January 1924 - 8 May 1990) was an Italian composer of contemporary music. ... This article cites its sources but does not provide page references. ...

Music Directors

• Christian Thielemann (2004–)
• James Levine (1999–2004)
• Sergiu Celibidache (1979–1996)
• Rudolf Kempe (1967–1976)
• Fritz Rieger (1949–1966)
• Hans Rosbaud (1945–1948)
• Oswald Kabasta (1938–1944)
• Siegmund von Hausegger (1920–1938)
• Hans Pfitzner (1919–1920)
• Orchestra shut down 1915–1918 because of World War I
• Ferdinand Löwe (1908–1914)
• Georg Schnéevoigt (1905–1908)
• Felix Weingartner (1898–1905)
• Ferdinand Löwe (1897–1898)
• Hermann Zumpe (1895–1897)
• Hans Winderstein (1893–1895)

Christian Thielemann (born 1959 in Berlin) is a German conductor. ... James Levine (born June 23, 1943 in Cincinnati, Ohio) is an American orchestral pianist and conductor and most well known as the music director of the Metropolitan Opera in New York. ... Sergiu Celibidache (June 28, 1912, Roman, Romania - August 14, 1996, Paris) was a Romanian conductor. ... Rudolf Kempe (June 14, 1910 – May 12, 1976) was a German conductor. ... Fritz Rieger (born 28 June 1910 in Oberaltstadt, died 30 September 1978 in Bonn) was a German conductor. ... Hans Rosbaud (born July 22, 1895 in Graz, died Dec 29, 1962 in Lugano), was an Austrian conductor, particularly associated with the music of the twentieth century. ... Oswald Kabasta (born December 29, 1896, in Mistelbach, Austria, died February 6, 1946 in Kufstein) was an Austrian conductor. ... Siegmund von Hausegger (born 16 August 1872 in Graz, died 10 October 1948 in Munich) was an Austrian composer and conductor. ... Hans Pfitzner (May 5, 1869 - May 22, 1949) was a German composer and self-described anti-modernist. ... “The Great War ” redirects here. ... Ferdinand Löwe (born 19 February 1865 in Vienna, died 6 January 1925) was an Austrian conductor. ... Georg Schnéevoigt (born 1872 in Vyborg, died 1947 in Malmö) was a Finnish conductor and cellist. ... Felix Weingartner, Edler von Münzberg (June 2, 1863 – May 7, 1942) was a conductor, composer and pianist. ... Ferdinand Löwe (born 19 February 1865 in Vienna, died 6 January 1925) was an Austrian conductor. ... Hermann Zumpe (born 9 April, 1850 in Oppach, died 4 September, 1903 in Munich was a German conductor. ...

External links

• Orchestra homepage
• Article at allmusic.com
• Article at oehmsclassics.com in German