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Encyclopedia > Munnar
  ?Munnar
Kerala • India
Munnar Tea Plantations and Hills
Coordinates: 10°06′00″N 77°04′00″E / 10.1, 77.066667
Time zone IST (UTC+5:30)
Area
• Elevation		 557 km² (215 sq mi)[1]
• 1,700 m (5,577 ft)
District(s)  • Idukki
Population
• Metro
• 68,205 (2001)
Codes
• Pincode
• Telephone
• Vehicle
• 685 565
• +04865-
• KL-06
Website: tourism idukki.nic.in tourism

Coordinates: 10°06′00″N 77°04′00″E / 10.1, 77.066667-1... Image File history File links Munnar_Tea_Plantations. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links India_Kerala_locator_map. ... Image File history File links Locator_Dot. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ... Timezone and TimeZone redirect here. ... Location of Mirzapur and the 82. ... The geography of India is diverse, with landscape ranging from snow-capped mountain ranges to deserts, plains, rainforests, hills, and plateaus. ... Elevation histogram of the surface of the Earth – approximately 71% of the Earths surface is covered with water. ... The divisions of a district. ... For the town with the same name, see Idukki. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... 2001 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, and also: The International Year of the Volunteer The United Nations Year of Dialogue Among Civilizations Events January January 1 - A black monolith measuring approximately nine feet tall appears in Seattles Magnuson Park, placed by an anonymous... Example of a PIN: The PIN code of Ujjain in Madhya Pradesh A Postal Index Number or PIN or Pincode is the post office numbering or post code system used by the Indian Postal Service. ... For the past decade or so, telecommunication activities have gained momentum in India. ... Licence plates on the back of a taxi in Kolkata. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...


Munnar (Malayalam: മൂന്നാര്‍ , Tamil: மூணார்) is a town located in Kerala state in the southern Western Ghats in South India. The name is often used to refer to the whole tourist area of Idukki District of which the town forms a part. Munnar panchayat of Devikulam block is the largest in the district with an area of 557 km². The name of Munnar is believed to be derived from the Tamil words Munu (three) and aaru (river), referring to the town's strategic location at the confluence of the Muthirappuzha, Chandavurai and Kundaly rivers. The area is surrounded by vast jungles and remains wet and cold during most of the year. The Mattupetty Dam is nearby. The people of Munnar share the culture and traditions of Kerala and their Tamil neighbours. Malayalam ( ) is the language spoken predominantly in the state of Kerala, in southern India. ... Tamil ( ; IPA: ) is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly by Tamil people, originating on the Indian subcontinent. ... -1... The Agasthiyamalai range of the Western Ghats The Western Ghats are a mountain range in India. ... The geographical south of India includes all Indian territory below the 20th parallel. ... A tourist boat travels the River Seine in Paris, France Tourism can be defined as the act of travel for the purpose of recreation, and the provision of services for this act. ... For the town with the same name, see Idukki. ... Tamil ( ; IPA: ) is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly by Tamil people, originating on the Indian subcontinent. ... Mattupetty Dam Mattupatti Dam, near Munnar in Idukki District, is a storage dam to conserve water for hydroelectricity in the mountains of Kerala, India. ... -1... Languages Tamil Religions Hinduism, Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Jainism Related ethnic groups Dravidian people Brahui people Kannadigas Malayalis Tamils Telugus Tuluvas Gonds The Tamil people are a multi-ethnic group from the Indian subcontinent with a recorded history going back more than two millennia. ...

Contents

History

The entire area of Munnar, nearly about 556.44 square kilometer of land really belonged, and still belongs to the royal family of Poonjar and was given on lease for 99 years by the then poonjar King Kerala Varma in 1887.During the British rule of India, Munnar was developed to cultivate tea plants.[2] At that time, most of the people around the area were employed as laborers for plantations throughout the area. In the early stages of development, only Tamilians and a small number of Malayalis inhabited Munnar. From the late 1890's till 1921, tea was transported down from Top Station by 24 inch railway and ropeway to Munnar for transhipment throughout the World.[3] Poonjar is a small town on the Punniar river (sacred river) an arm of the Meenachil river at Kottayam district of the Kerala state of India, the name being borrowed from the name of the river Punniar on which it is located. ... For other uses, see Tea (disambiguation). ... View point at Top Station Top Station is a one of the attractive tourist places in the Theni district of Tamilnadu, South India which is situated on the border of Theni district and Idukki district of Kerala (located at ). Its elevation of is the highest point on the Munnar-Kodaikanal... Cable car at Zell am See in the Austrian Alps. ...


Most of the top positions in the estates were occupied by the British "Managers". A few bungalows were built for them and these are still in use. Munnar was a Hill Station for some British who sought a cooler climate. The two educational institutes in Munnar are Govt. Arts & Science College and Govt. Engineering College. Hospitals in Munnar are Tata General Hospital, Matha Hospital and Arun Hospital. A bungalow is any single story house. ... Kalimpong town as viewed from a distant hill. ...


History of Plantations in Munnar

The history of plantation in Munnar started in the 1870s. J.D. Munro, a European, identified the agriculture potential of the land on a hunting expedition. In 1877 he leased 580 Sq Kilometres of land from the Poonjar Raja who was in control of the land. Munro formed a co-operative called ‘North Travancore Land Planting and Agricultural Society’ and members of the society started farming in different parts of Munnar. The crops included coffee, sisal and cardamom. Tea plantation was started by A.H. Sharp, another European at the A.H. Sharp Parvathy estate (Present Silent Valley Estate). In 1895 Finlay, a European company entered the scene and acquired about 33 tea estates in Munnar. In 1897 the Kannan Devan Hills Produce Company was formed to manage Finlay’s estates. In 1964 the Tata Group, an Indian corporate giant entered into a collaborative venture with the Finlay leading to the formation of the Tata-Finlay group. In April 2005 tea plantations under the Tata group were transferred to a new company called Kannan Devan Hills Produce Co, Pvt Ltd. Today the company manages 16 estates spread over in about 8600 hectares of land. [4] Flag for former princely state of Travancore Travancore or Thiruvithaamkoor (Malayalam: തിരുവിതാങ്കൂര്‍ [], തിരുവിതാംകൂര്‍ [], തിരുവിതാങ്കോട് []) was a princely state in India with its capital at Trivandrum (Thiruvananthapuram). ...


Geography and climate

The region in and around Munnar varies in height from 1,600 meters (5,249 ft) to 1,800 meters (5,906 ft) above mean sea level. Munnar enjoys a salubrious climate. The weather ranges between 5 °C (41 °F) and 10 °C (50 °F) in winter and 15 °C (59 °F) and 25 °C (77 °F) in summer. The tourist season is from August to May. However, even the monsoons are lovely with many streams and rivulets in the area. See:map


Economy

The territory of Munnar was previously almost entirely occupied by the Tata Tea company, one of the Tata Group of companies, who had obtained it on lease from the Travancore royal family.following TATA's withdrawal from the plantation sector the plantations have been handed over to a consortium that goes by the name of Kannan Devan Hills Plantation Corporation Ltd.Today TATA is concerned only with marketing of the tea produced under the brand name Kannan Devan.


Many residents are employed in the tourism business. In 2000, the Government of Kerala declared Munnar as a tourist spot. This has helped in attracting more tourists to this beautiful hill resort. Several protected wildlife areas in the area attract many tourists who support the many hotels, restaurants and transport businesses in Munnar. Tourist redirects here. ...

Munnar tea gardens.

Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (13154x1663, 4124 KB) Summary Munnar, a hill station in Kerala,South India, is one of the most beautiful places in the Western Ghats. ...

Flora and Fauna

Most native flora and fauna of Munnar has disappeared due to severe habitat fragmentation by plantations. However, most of the species survive in several protected areas nearby, including the new Kurinjimala Sanctuary to the east, Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary and Manjampatti Valley in Amaravati reserve forest of Indira Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary to the north east, Eravikulam National Park and Anamudi Shola National Park to the north, Pampadum Shola National Park to the south and the proposed Palani Hills National Park to the east. These protected areas are especially known for several threatened and endemic species including Nilgiri Thar, Grizzled Giant Squirrel, Nilgiri Wood-pigeon, Elephant, Gaur, Sambar, and Neelakurinji. [5], [6] Kurinjimala Sanctuary protects the approximately 32 km² core habitat of the endangered Neelakurinji plant in Kottakamboor and Vattavada villages in Devakulam Taluk, Idukki district of Kerala State in South India. ... // , Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary is located 18 km north of Marayoor in the Marayoor and Kanthalloor Panchayats of Devikulam Taluk in Kerala state in South India. ... Manjampatti Valley is a 110± km² drainage basin of shola and montane rain Forest at the eastern end of Indira Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary in Tamil Nadu, South India. ... Indira Gandhi National Park is a wildlife sanctuary located in the Anaimalai Hills of Tamilnadu state, India. ... A national park located along the Western Ghats in the Idukki district of Kerala in India. ... Anamudi Shola National Park is a protected area located along the Western Ghats in Idukki District, Kerala state, South India. ... Palani Hills, Topographic overview, 1;250,000 The Palani Hills The Palani Hills National Park is a proposed National Park in Dindigul District, Tamil Nadu State South India. ... Threatened species refers to animal and plant species under a serious, but perhaps not imminent, threat of extinction. ... Endemic, in a broad sense, can mean belonging or native to, characteristic of, or prevalent in a particular geography, race, field, area, or environment; Native to an area or scope. ... Binomial name (Ogilby, 1838) The Nilgiri Tahr (Nilgiritragus hylocrius) ungulate native to the Nilgiri Hills and the southern portion of the Western Ghats range in Tamil Nadu and Kerala states of southernmost India. ... Binomial name Ratufa macroura (Pennant, 1769) Grizzled Giant Squirrel also known as the Sri Lankan Giant Squirrel, Ratufa macroura, is a large species of squirrel found in Sri Lanka and in the forests of southern India. ... Binomial name Columba elphinstonii (Sykes, 1832) The Nilgiri Woodpigeon (Columba elphinstonii) is a bird endemic to moist deciduous forests and sholas of the Western Ghats in southwestern India. ... Trinomial name Elephas maximus indicus Cuvier, 1798 The Indian Elephant, Elephas maximus indicus, is one of three subspecies of the Asian elephant, the largest population of which is found in India. ... Binomial name Bos gaurus H. Smith, 1827 Range map The Gaur (IPA gauɹ) (Bos gaurus, previously Bibos gauris) is a large, dark-coated ox of South Asia and Southeast Asia. ... Sambar may refer to: Sambar, a kind of deer Sambar, a lentil-based dish common in South India and Sri Lanka Sambhar Salt Lake in Rajasthan, India. ... Binomial name (Nees) T. Anderson Neelakurinji (Strobilanthes kunthiana) is a shrub that used to grow abundantly in the shola grasslands (the origin of Water) of Western Ghats in South India above 1800 metres. ...


Gallery

References

  1. ^ Public Relations Department, Govt. of Kerala., Statistical Data, retrieved 6/21/2007Idukki
  2. ^ tourismmunnar.com History & Heritage
  3. ^ Jose Jimmy (2007) Remains of Kundala Valley Railway, Munnar, Indian Railways Fan Club, retrieved 6/19/2007 History & Photos
  4. ^ Book: Kerala Companion, Publisher: Kerala Tourism, keralatourism.org [1]
  5. ^ Government of Kerala, Forest and Wildlife Department, Notification No. 36/2006 F&WLD (6 October, 2006) retrieved 5/12/2007 Kerala Gazette
  6. ^ Mathew Roy (Sep 25, 2006) "Proposal for Kurinjimala sanctuary awaits Cabinet nod" the Hindu, retrieved 5/12/2007 the Hindu

History of Munnar | http://munnarhills.com/history_of_munnar.html


External links

Wikitravel is a project to create an open content, complete, up-to-date, and reliable world-wide travel guide. ...

  Results from FactBites:
 
Munnar Hotels | Munnar Resorts | Munnar (443 words)
Munnar was the favoured summer resort of the erstwhile British in South India.
Munnar is the clouds seemingly kiss the mountain peaks [Anamudi 2700m the highest peak in South India is located here] that are flanked by slender blue and red gum trees in the upper areas.
Munnar the tiny hill town is perfumed with the fragrance of fresh tea wafting from the innumerable tea processing plants.
Munnar Hotels. Munnar - Southern Kashmir of Kerala,India - Munnar best hill station of Kerala,India (228 words)
A group of Hotels at Munnar are waiting for you to show their hospitality.For more details click on the name of the hotel which you like.
Munnar is a picturesque scope of the lofty Western Ghats.
Munnar is in Kerala -Idukki District -on the high ranges of the Western Ghats.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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