The Muqaddimah, or the Muqaddimah of Ibn Khaldun (Arabic: مقدّمة ابن خلدون), records an early Muslim view of 'universal history'. Many modern thinkers view it as one of the first works of sociology. The Arab historian Ibn Khaldun wrote the work in 1377 as the preface or first book of his planned world history, the kitab al-ibar, but already in his lifetime it became regarded as an independent work. The Arabic language (Arabic: ‎ translit: ), or simply Arabic (Arabic: ‎ translit: ), is the largest member of the Semitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family (classification: South Central Semitic) and is closely related to Hebrew and Aramaic. ... A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم) is an adherent of Islam. ... Social interactions of people and their consequences are the subject of sociology studies. ... Statue of Ibn Khaldoun in Tunis Ibn KhaldÅ«n (full name ) (ابو زيد عبد الرØمن بن Ù…Øمد بن خلدون الØضرمي ), (May 27, 1332/732AH to March 19, 1406/808AH) was a famous Arab historiographer and historian born in present-day Tunisia, and is sometimes viewed as one of the forerunners of modern historiography, sociology and economics. ... Events January 17 – Gregory XI enters Rome. ... For other senses of this word, see history (disambiguation). ...
Ibn Khaldun starts the Muqaddimah with a thorough criticism of the mistakes regularly committed by his fellow historians and the difficulties which await the historian in his work. He notes seven critical issues: A historian is a person who studies history. ...
"All records, by their very nature, are liable to error...
...Partisanship towards a creed or opinion...
...Over-confidence in one's sources...
...The failure to understand what is intended...
...A mistaken belief in the truth...
...The inability to place an event in its real context
...The common desire to gain favor of those of high ranks, by praising them, by spreading their fame...
...The most important is the ignorance of the laws governing the transformation of human society."
Against the seventh point (the ignorance of social laws) Ibn Khaldun lays out his theory of human society in the Muqaddimah. Human relationships within an ethnically diverse society For other uses, see Society (disambiguation). ...
Early Muslim sociology responded to the challenges of social organization of diverse peoples all under common religious organization in the Islamic caliphate, the Abbasid and later Mamluk period in Egypt. ...
External links
The Prolegomena (al-Muqaddimah): Methodology & concepts of economic-sociology
In 1375, sent by Abū Hammu, the ʕAbdu l Wadid Sultan of Tlemcen, on a mission to the Dawadida tribes, Ibn Khaldūn sought refuge with one of the Berber tribes, the Awlad Arif of central Algeria, in the town of Qalat Ibn Salama.
For sociology it is interesting that he conceived both a central social conflict ("town" versus "desert") as well as a theory (using the concept of a "generation") of the necessary loss of power of city conquerors coming from the desert.
Following a contemporary Arab scholar, Sati' al-Husri, it can be suggested that the Muqaddimah is essentially a sociological work, sketching over its six books a general sociology; a sociology of politics; a sociology of urban life; a sociology of economics; and a sociology of knowledge.
The Muqaddimah records an early Muslim view of 'universal history'.
The ArabhistorianIbn Khaldun wrote the work in 1377 as the preface or first book of his planned world history, the kitab al-ibar, but already in his lifetime it became regarded as an independent work.
Ibn Khaldun starts the Muqaddimah with a thorough criticism of the mistakes regularly committed by his fellow historians and the difficulties which await the historian in his work.
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