Inmates of Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp after the liberation

Muselmann (pl. Muselmänner, from the German: Muslim; in Polish Muzułman) was a term used among inmates of World War II Nazi concentration camps to refer to those suffering from a combination of starvation (known also as "hunger disease") and exhaustion and who were resigned to their impending death. The Muselmann inmates exhibited severe emaciation and physical weakness, an apathetic listlessness regarding their own fate, and unresponsiveness to their surroundings. Image File history File links Mauthausen-survivors. ... Image File history File links Mauthausen-survivors. ... Image:Mutilation skarskarrskano. ... A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم, Persian and Urdu: مسلمان, Turkish: Müslüman, Albanian: Mysliman, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of Islam. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... See also the related List of German concentration camps Concentration camp in Nazi Germany. ... A female child during the Nigerian-Biafran war of the late 1960s, shown suffering the effects of severe hunger and malnutrition. ... Apathy is a psychological term for a state of indifference — where an individual is unresponsive or indifferent to aspects of emotional, social, or physical life. ...

Its possible derivation is attributed to a supposed similarity in the Muselmann's inability to maintain an upright posture, thus spending much of the time recumbent or prostrate, recalling the position of Muslims during their prayers.

The term spread from Auschwitz-Birkenau to other concentration camps. Its equivalent in the Majdanek concentration camp was Gamel (derived from German Gammeln - colloquial for "rotting") and in the Stutthof concentration camp, Krypel (derived from German Krüppel, "cripple"). The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ... Majdanek in the winter, 2005 Majdanek is the site of a German Nazi concentration and extermination camp, roughly 2. ... Stutthof (Sztutowo) was the first concentration camp built by the German Nazi regime outside of Germany, on September 2, 1939. ... See also: Handicap (competition) Handicapped is an adjective used to refer to a person or animal who is partially disabled or unable to use a limb or limbs. ...

The psychologist and Auschwitz survivor Viktor Frankl, in his book Man's Search for Meaning, provides the example of an inmate who decides to use up his last cigarettes (used as currency in the concentration camps) in the evening because he is convinced he won't survive the Appell (roll call assembly) the next morning; his fellow inmates derided him as a Muselmann. Frankl contrasts this with the dehumanized behavior and attitudes of the Kapos as two examples where the desperate conditions in the camps like famine and forced labor can bring out the worst in an individual. Psychology is an academic or applied discipline involving the scientific study of mental processes such as perception, cognition, emotion, personality, behavior, and interpersonal relationships. ... Auschwitz, in English, commonly refers to the Auschwitz concentration camp complex built near the town of Oświęcim, by Nazi Germany during World War II. Rarely, it may refer to the Polish town of Oświęcim (called by the Germans Auschwitz) itself. ... Viktor Emil Frankl, M.D., Ph. ... Viktor Frankls 1946 book Mans Search for Meaning chronicles his experiences as a concentration camp inmate and describes his psychotherapeutic method of finding a reason to live. ... Appellplatz (also spelled as Appelplatz) means the place for roll call in the German language, used in English in its Holocaust context. ... Kapo was a term used for certain prisoners who worked inside the Nazi concentration camps during World War II. The name stood for Kameradenpolizei, comrade police, and referred to prisoners who have been recruited by their captors to police their fellow prisoners. ...

See also

• KZ Syndrome
• Ka-tzetnik

Ka-tzetnik (KZ-nik) was short for concentration camp designate (or inmate) to refer to Jews imprisoned in camps during the Holocaust. ...

Reference

• Israel Gutman, Encyclopaedia of the Holocaust, New York: Macmillan 1990, vol. 3. p. 677 (Hebrew edition).

The Encyclopaedia of the Holocaust was published in 1990, in tandem Hebrew and English editions, by Yad Vashem, the Israeli Holocaust Memorial Authority. ... MCMXC redirects here; for the Enigma album, see MCMXC a. ... “Hebrew” redirects here. ...

External link

• Definition of "Muselmann" from the Shoah Research Center of Yad Vashem