Astrakhan is a Caucasian region of Russia with a rich musical history. Modern institutions include the New Musical Theatre, Astrakhan Observatory and the Astrakhan Regional Philharmonic. Russia is a large and extremely culturally diverse country, with dozens of ethnic groups, each with their own forms of folk music. ... The term bard came to use in the Soviet Union in the early 1960s (and continues to be used in Russia today) for popular poets and singers who wrote songs outside the Soviet establishment. ... Rock and roll became known in the Soviet Union in the 1960s and quickly broke free from its western roots. ... A music festival is a festival that presents a number of musical performances usually tied together through a theme or genre. ... A national anthem is a generally patriotic musical composition that is formally recognized by a countrys government as their states official national song. ... The Hymn of the Russian Federation is the national anthem of Russia. ... Adygea is a region in Russia. ... Native musical instruments: The pondur is the oldest of musical instruments of the Chechens, comprising of three chords and a wooden casing. ... Traditional Ingush musical instruments include the zurna (similar to a clarinet), dekhch-pandr (similar to a balalaika), kekhat pondur (accordion, played mostly by girls), violin (with three strings), drums and tambourine. ... Ossetia is a region, split into South Ossetia in Georgia and North Ossetia in Russia. ... Adygea is a region in Russia. ... Altai is a region in Russia, composed primarily of ethnic Russians and Altaians. ... The first major study of the music of Bashkortostan appeared in 1897, when ethnographer Rybakov S.G. wrote Music and Songs of the Urals Muslims and Studies of Their Way of Life. ... Buryatia is a part of the Russian Federation. ... Native musical instruments: The pondur is the oldest of musical instruments of the Chechens, comprising of three chords and a wooden casing. ... Evenkia is a part of Russia, located in Asia. ... Traditional Ingush musical instruments include the zurna (similar to a clarinet), dekhch-pandr (similar to a balalaika), kekhat pondur (accordion, played mostly by girls), violin (with three strings), drums and tambourine. ... Khakassia is a region in Russia. ... The Komi Republic is a region of Russia. ... Mordovia is a region of Russia. ... Ossetia is a region, split into South Ossetia in Georgia and North Ossetia in Russia. ... Ethnic Russian music includes many varieties of folk, popular and classical traditions. ... The Sakha Republic is a part of Russia in Asia. ... Tatarstan is a part of Russia, inhabited by the Tatars. ... Tuva is a part of Russia, inhabited by a people related to the nearby Mongolians. ... Udmurtia is a Russian region. ... Astrakhan (А́страхань; Tatar: Ästerxan), a major city in southern European Russia, capital of Astrakhan Oblast. ... Caucasian is originally a geographical term, meaning relative or pertaining to the Caucasus region of Eastern Europe and West Asia. ...