State of Israel
Geography
Land of Israel · Districts · Cities Transportation · Mediterranean Dead Sea · Red Sea · Sea of Galilee Jerusalem · Tel Aviv · Haifa Image File history File links Coat_of_arms_of_Israel. ... Anthem(s): Hatikvah (The Hope) Capital Jerusalem [1] Largest city Jerusalem Official language(s) Hebrew, Arabic Government Parliamentary democracy  - President Moshe Katsav  - Prime Minister Ehud Olmert Independence From the United Kingdom   - Declaration 14 May 1948 (05 Iyar 5708)  Area  - Total 22,1451 km² (151th) 8,5501 sq mi   - Water (%) ~2... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel. ... Satellite image of the Land of Israel in January 2003, including portions of the State of Israel, Jordan, Egypt, and Lebanon. ... Map of the districts of Israel There are six main districts of Israel, known in Hebrew as mehozot (מחוזות; singular: mahoz) and fifteen sub-districts known as nafot (נפות; singular: nafa). ... Cities in Israel, by district: // Northern District See also North District, Israel. ... The Mediterranean Sea is an intercontinental sea positioned between Europe to the north, Africa to the south and Asia to the east, covering an approximate area of 2. ... The Dead Sea (Arabic: ‎; Hebrew: ) is both the lowest point on the Earth at 418 metres (1,371 ft) below sea level and falling[2], and the deepest hypersaline lake in the world at 330 m (1,083 ft) deep and 799 m (2,621 ft) below sea level. ... Location of the Red Sea Image:Red Seaimage. ... The Sea of Galilee with the Jordan River flowing out of it to the south and into the Dead Sea Kineret redirects here; for the Amgen drug having this tradename, see Anakinra The Sea of Galilee is Israels largest freshwater lake, approximately 53 kilometers (33 miles) in circumference, about... Panoramic view from Mt. ... Tel-Aviv was founded on empty dunes north of the existing city of Jaffa. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
History
Jewish history · Timeline · Zionism · Aliyah Herzl · Balfour · Mandate · 1947 UN Plan Independence · Flag · Austerity · Refugees This article describes the history of the modern State of Israel, from its Independence Proclamation in 1948 to the present. ... Jewish history is the history of the Jewish people, faith (Judaism) and culture. ... This is a timeline of the development of Judaism and the Jewish people. ... Zionism is a political movement that supports a homeland for the Jewish people in the Land of Israel, where Jewish nationhood is thought to have evolved somewhere between 1200 BCE and late Second Temple times,[1][2] and where Jewish kingdoms existed up to the 2nd century CE. Zionism is... Aliyah (Hebrew: עלייה, ascent or going up) is a term widely used to mean Jewish immigration to the Land of Israel (and since its establishment in 1948, the State of Israel). ... Theodor Herzl, in his middle age. ... The Balfour Declaration of 1917 was made in a letter dated November 2, 1917 from the British Foreign Secretary Arthur James Balfour to Lord Rothschild (Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron Rothschild), a leader of the British Jewish community, for transmission to the Zionist Federation, a private Zionist organization, on the partitioning... Flag Cisjordan and Transjordan were incorporated (under different legal and administrative arrangements) into the British Mandate of Palestine, issued by the League of Nations to Great Britain on 29 September, 1923 Capital Not specified Organizational structure League of Nations Mandate High Commissioner  - 1920 — 1925 Sir Herbert Louis Samuel  - 1945 — 1948... On 29 November 1947 the United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine or United Nations General Assembly Resolution 181, a plan to resolve the Arab-Israeli conflict in the British Mandate of Palestine, was approved by the United Nations General Assembly, at the UN World Headquarters in New York. ... Flag ratio: 8:11 Another common colorization of the flag, using lighter blue. ... Main article: History of Israel Austerity in Israel: From 1949 to 1959, the state of Israel was, to a varying extent, under a regime of austerity (צנע tsena), during which rationing and similar measures were enforced. ...
Arab-Israeli conflict · Proposals
1948 War · 1949 Armistice · Suez War Six-Day War · Attrition War Yom Kippur War · Lebanon War Israel-Lebanon conflict Peace treaties with: Egypt, Jordan To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Geneva Accord October 20, 2003 Road Map for Peace April 30, 2003 The Peoples Voice July 27, 2002 Elon Peace Plan 2002 ... Combatants  Israel Egypt Syria Transjordan  Lebanon Iraq Holy War Army Arab Liberation Army Commanders Yaakov Dori Yigael Yadin Glubb Pasha Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni† Hasan Salama Fawzi al-Qawuqji Strength 29,677 initially–108,300 by December 1948 Egypt: 10,000 initially rising to 20,000 Iraq: 5,000... The 1949 Armistice Agreements are a set of agreements signed during 1949 between Israel and its neighbors Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon and Syria. ... Combatants Israel United Kingdom France Egypt Commanders Moshe Dayan Charles Keightley Pierre Barjot Gamal Abdel Nasser Strength 175,000 Israeli 45,000 British 34,000 French 300,000 Casualties 177 Israeli KIA 16 British KIA 91 British WIA 10 French KIA 33 French WIA 1,650 KIA 4,900 WIA... Combatants Israel Egypt Syria Jordan Iraq Commanders Yitzhak Rabin, Moshe Dayan, Uzi Narkiss, Israel Tal, Mordechai Hod, Ariel Sharon Abdel Hakim Amer, Abdul Munim Riad, Zaid ibn Shaker, Hafez al-Assad Strength 50,000 troops (264,000 including mobilized reservists); 197 combat aircraft 280,000 troops (Egypt 150,000; Syria... The War of Attrition was a limited war fought between Egypt and Israel from 1968 to 1970. ... Combatants Israel Egypt Syria Jordan Iraq Commanders Moshe Dayan David Elazar Ariel Sharon Shmuel Gonen Benjamin Peled Israel Tal Rehavam Zeevi Aharon Yariv Yitzhak Hofi Rafael Eitan Abraham Adan Yanush Ben Gal Saad El Shazly Ahmad Ismail Ali Hosni Mubarak Mohammed Aly Fahmy Anwar Sadat Abdel Ghani el-Gammasy Abdul... Combatants Israel Phalange South Lebanon Army Amal PLO Syria Commanders Menachem Begin (Prime Minister) Ariel Sharon, (Ministry of Defence) Rafael Eitan, (CoS) Yasser Arafat Strength 76,000 37,000 Casualties 670 9,800 The 1982 Lebanon War (Hebrew: , Milkhemet Levanon, Milkhemet Levanon, Arabic: ‎), called by Israel the Operation Peace of... Combatants Hezbollah Israel Commanders Hassan Nasrallah (Secretary General) Dan Halutz (CoS) Moshe Kaplinsky[5] Udi Adam (Regional) Strength 1,000-10,000[2] militants 30,000 ground troops [6] (plus IAF & ISC) Casualties Hezbollah militia:  Dead:    Hezbollah: 74[3]    IDF: 540[4]  Captured: 21 Allied militia:   Amal: 17[3]   LCP...
Israeli-Palestinian conflict
Timeline · Peace process · Peace camp 1st Intifada · Oslo · 2nd Intifada Terrorism · Barrier · Disengagement The Israeli-Palestinian conflict, a part of the greater Arab-Israeli conflict, is an ongoing dispute between the State of Israel and Palestinian people (or state). ... This is an incomplete timeline of notable events in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. ... The UN Partition Plan Map of the State of Israel today The Peace process in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict has taken shape over the years, despite the ongoing violence in the Middle East. ... The Israeli peace camp is a collection of political and non-political movements which desire to promote peace, mainly with the Arab neighbours of Israel (the Palestinians, Syria and Lebanon) and encourage co-existence with the Arab citizens of Israel. ... The First Intifada, or Palestinian uprising refers to a series of violent incidents between Palestinians and Israelis between 1987 and approximately 1990. ... The Oslo Accords, officially called the Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements or Declaration of Principles (DOP), were finalized in Oslo, Norway on August 20, 1993, and subsequently officially signed at a public ceremony in Washington D.C. on September 13, 1993, with Mahmoud Abbas signing for the... For other uses, see Al-aqsa (disambiguation). ... Since the failure of the Camp David Summit in the summer of 2000, many acts of terrorism were committed by individuals, militant Palestinian groups, and members of the Palestinian National Authority against Israeli civilians. ... The barrier route as of May 2005. ... Israels unilateral disengagement plan (termed in Hebrew: תוכנית ההתנתקות Tokhnit HaHitnatkut or תכנית ההינתקות Tokhnit HaHinatkut in the Disengagement Plan Implementation Law), also known as the disengagement plan, Gaza Pull-Out plan, and Hitnatkut) was a proposal by Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon, adopted by the government and enacted in August 2005, to...
Economy
Science & technology · Companies Tourism · Wine · Diamonds Military industry This article does not cite its references or sources. ... . ... Tourism in Israel includes a rich variety of historical and religious sites in the Holy Land, as well as modern beach resorts, archaeological tourism, heritage tourism and ecotourism. ... The Israeli wine industry is known for its vibrancy, with wineries numbering in the hundreds and ranging in size from small boutique enterprises making a few thousand bottles per year to the largest producing over ten million bottles per year. ... The Israeli Diamond industry is a world leader in producing cut diamonds for wholesale. ... The Military equipment of Israel includes a wide array of arms, tanks, planes, cannons, armored vehicles. ...
Demographics · Culture
Religion · Israeli Arabs · Kibbutz Music · Archaeology · Universities Hebrew · Literature · Sport · Israelis This article discusses the demographics of Israel. ... The culture of Israel, also called Israeli culture, is inseparable from long history of Judaism and Jewish history which preceded it (i. ... Arab citizens of Israel[1] is a phrase used to describe Arabs that are not Jewish, who are citizens of the State of Israel. ... Kibbutz Dan, near Qiryat Shemona, in the Upper Galilee, 1990s A kibbutz (Hebrew: קיבוץ; plural: kibbutzim: קיבוצים, gathering or together) is an Israeli collective intentional community. ... The archaeology of Israel is a national passion that also attracts considerable international interest on account of the regions Biblical links. ... There are eight official universities in Israel. ... Hebrew redirects here. ... Israeli literature is the literature of the people or State of Israel. ...
Laws · Politics
Law of Return · Jerusalem Law Parties · Elections · PM · President Knesset · Supreme Court · Courts The Basic Laws of Israel are a key component of Israels uncodified constitution. The State of Israel has no formal constitution. ... Politics of Israel takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Israel is the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The Jerusalem Law is a common name of Basic Law: Jerusalem, Capital of Israel passed by the Israeli Knesset on July 30, 1980 (17th Av, 5740). ... Political parties in Israel: Israels political system is based on proportional representation which allows for a multi-party system with numerous parties, in which a single party usually has no chance of gaining power by itself, forcing the parties to cooperate and form coalition governments. ... Elections in Israel gives information on election and election results in Israel. ... The Prime Minister of Israel (Hebrew: ראש הממשלה, Rosh HaMemshala, lit. ... President of the State of Israel (Hebrew: נשיא המדינה, Nasi Hamedina) is the head of state of Israel, but has a largely ceremonial, figurehead role with real power lying in the hands of the Prime Minister of Israel. ... The modern Knesset building, Israels parliament, in Jerusalem Though similar-sounding, Beit Knesset (בית כנסת) literally means House of Assembly, and refers to a synagogue. ... The Supreme Court (Hebrew: בית המשפט העליון, Beit Hamishpat Haelyon ) is at the head of the court system in the State of Israel. ... Judicial branch is an independent branch of the government which includes secular and religious courts. ...
Foreign affairs
Intl. Law · UN · US · Arab League High priorities in the foreign policy of Israel include seeking an end to hostilities with Arab forces, against which it has fought six wars since 1948 and gaining wide acceptance as a sovereign state with an important international role. ... Arguments about the applicability of various elements of international law underlie the debate around the Arab-Israeli conflict. ... Israel and the United Nations have had very mixed relations, since the states founding on May 14, 1948. ... Israel-United States relations have evolved from an initial United States policy of sympathy and support for the creation of a Jewish homeland in 1948 to an unusual partnership that links a small but militarily powerful Israel, dependent on the United States for its economic and military strength, with the... From the time it was established in March 1945, the Arab League took an active role in the Arab-Israeli conflict. ...
Security Forces
Israel Defense Forces Intelligence Community · Security Council Police · Border Police · Prison Service The Israeli Security Forces (ISF) are several organizations collectively responsible for Israels security. ... The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) (Hebrew: צבא ×”×’× ×” לישראל  , [Army] Force for the Defense of Israel), often abbreviated with the Hebrew acronym צהל Tsahal, alternative English spelling Tzahal, is the name of Israels military forces, comprising the Israeli Army, the Israeli Air Force and the Israeli Navy. ... The Israeli Intelligence Community (Hebrew: קהילת המודיעין הישראלית) is the designation given to the complex of organizations responsible for intelligence collection, dissemination, and research for the State of Israel. ... The Israeli National Security Council (Hebrew: המועצה לביטחון לאומי) is a council established by the Prime Ministers Office in 1999 during the prime ministership of Binyamin Netanyahu in the framework of drawing lessons from the Yom Kipur War. ... The Israel Border Police (Hebrew: משמר הגבול, Mishmar HaGvul) is the combat branch of the Israeli Police. ... The Israel Prison Service (Hebrew: שירות בתי הסוהר, Sherut Batei HaSohar), commonly known by its acronym, Shabas, is the Israeli prison service. ...
Portal:Israel
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Modern Israeli music is heavily influenced by its constituents, which include Jewish immigrants (see Jewish music) from more than 120 countries around the world, which have brought their own musical traditions, making Israel a global melting pot. Music is a form of art and entertainment or other human activity that involves organized and audible sounds and silence. ... This article describes some ethnic, historic, and cultural aspects of the Jewish identity; for a consideration of the Jewish religion, refer to the article Judaism. ... // Origin of Jewish music in the Temple The earliest synagogal music was based on the same system as that used in the Temple in Jerusalem. ... Alternate meaning: crucible (science) The melting pot is a metaphor for the way in which heterogenous societies develop, in which the ingredients in the pot (iron, tin; people of different backgrounds and religions, etc. ...

History

From the earliest days of Zionist settlement, Jewish immigrants wrote popular folk music. At first, songs were based on borrowed melodies from German, Russian, or traditional Jewish folk music with new lyrics written in Hebrew. Starting in the early 1920's, however, Jewish settlers made a conscious effort to create a new Hebrew style of music, a style that would tie them to their earliest Hebrew origins and that would differentiate them from the style of the Jewish diaspora of Eastern Europe, which they viewed as weak. This new style borrowed elements from Arabic and, to a lesser extent, traditional Yemenite and eastern Jewish styles: the songs were often homophonic (that is, without clear harmonic character), modal, and limited in range. Examples of this emerging style include "Shadmati שדמתי" by Yedidia Admon, and "Shibbolet Basadeh שיבולת בשדה" by Matityahu Shelem. "The huge change in our lives demands new modes of expression," wrote composer and music critic Menashe Ravina in 1943. "... and, just as in our language we returned to our historical past, so has our ear turned to the music of the east ... as an expression of our innermost feelings."^[1]

Parallel to the emergence of this new style, many composers continued to write songs in the more familiar styles they brought from the Eastern European diaspora - songs with a distinctly Russian or Slavic character. And some composers succeeded in merging the two trends; notable among these were Mordecai Zeira ("Hayu Leylot היו לילות", "Shney Shoshanim שני שושנים"), David Zehavi ("Hekhalil החליל") and Moshe Wilensky ("Hayu Zmanim היו זמנים").

The youth, labor and kibbutz movements played a major role in musical development before and after the establishment of Israeli statehood in 1948, and in the popularization of many of these songs. The Zionist establishment saw music as a way of establishing a new national identity, and, on a purely pragmatic level, of teaching Hebrew to new immigrants. The national labor organization, the Histadrut, set up a music publishing house that disseminated songbooks and encouraged public sing-alongs (שירה בציבור). This tradition of public sing-alongs continues to the present day, and is a characteristic of modern Israeli culture.

From the 1930s to the 50s, Yemenite Jews made up some of the musical stars. Bracha Zefira, Shoshana Damari and Esther Gamlieli were some of the most famous singers, due to Yemen's long history as a center for the preservation of Jewish traditions. Yemenite Jews remain popular, and performers like Ofra Haza, Noa, Gali Atari and Dana International have some international fame. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The 1950s was the decade spanning from the 1st of January, 1950 to the 31st December, 1959. ... Yemenite Jews (תֵּימָנִי, Standard Hebrew Temani, Tiberian Hebrew Têmānî; plural תֵּימָנִים, Standard Hebrew Temanim, Tiberian Hebrew Têmānîm) are those Jews who live, or whose recent ancestors... Shoshana Damari (1923 - February 14, 2006) was an Israeli singer and actress. ... Ofra Haza Ofra Haza (עָפְרָה חָזָה born November 19, 1957, died February 23, 2000) was a popular Israeli singer, actress and international recording artist. ... Noa on an album cover Ahinoam Nini (in Hebrew אחינועם × ×™× ×™) (born 1969) is an Israeli singer. ... Avigail Gali Atari (born December 29, 1953 in Rehovot, Israel) is an Israeli actress and singer, who won the 1979 Eurovision Song Contest. ... Dana International performs at the 1998 Eurovision Song Contest Dana International (Hebrew: דנה אינטרנשיונל; stage name of Sharon Cohen, born Yaron Cohen in Tel Aviv, Israel on February 2, 1972) is an Israeli transsexual pop singer of Yemenite origin, who won the 1998 Eurovision Song Contest for her song Diva. She was...

The first few years after Israel's creation saw an attempt at forging a unique Israeli cultural identity by melding the constituent cultures. This failed, however, as the disparate musical traditions did not blend well together. After 1948, explicit policy encouraged Hebrew language songs instead of Ladino or Yiddish ones. Hebrew is thus the language of choice for most Israeli musicians, though many also include an occasional song or album in Yiddish or Ladino. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Hebrew redirects here. ... Ladino is a Romance language, derived mainly from Old Castilian (Spanish) and Hebrew. ... Yiddish (Yid. ...

Sephardic Jews have also played a major part in Israeli popular song. Sephardic musicians include Yehoram Gaon, Emil Zrihan, Jo Amar, Haim Louk and Ruth Yaakov. In the strictest sense, a Sephardi (ספרדי, Standard Hebrew Səfardi, Tiberian Hebrew Səp̄ardî; plural Sephardim: ספרדים, Standard Hebrew Səfardim, Tiberian Hebrew Səp̄ardîm) is a Jew original to the... The Sephardic Jews are one of the three main ethnicities among Diaspora Jews, the others being the Ashkenazi and Mizrahi. ... Yehoram Gaon, informally spelled Yoram Gaon (1939-) is an Israeli singer and actor. ...

More recent singer-songwriter traditions have produced an Israeli tradition, with musicians like Chava Alberstein modelling themselves after Americans Joan Baez and Pete Seeger. The 1980s and 90s saw a wave of roots revival and fusion musicians arrise, fusing Iranian, Turkish, Greek and Moroccan traditions with rock and roll, pop music and jazz. Habrera Hativeet is perhaps the most influential of these groups; they began performing in the 70s and have included influences ranging from American blues to African folk music and Hassidic songs. Even more recently, hip hop has made some inroads into mainstream Israeli audiences. The upsurge in American aliyah (immigration) is starting to bring popular American rock artists like Bradley Fish into the local Israeli mix. The term singer-songwriter refers to performers who both write and sing their own material. ... Chava Alberstein (Hebrew חוה אלברשטיין, born December 8, 1947 in Szczecin, Poland) is an Israeli singer, lyricist, composer, musical arranger and an actress. ... Joan Chandos Báez (born January 9, 1941) is an American folk singer and songwriter known for her highly individual vocal style. ... Pete Seeger (1955) Peter Seeger (born May 3, 1919) almost universally known as Pete Seeger, is a folk singer and political activist. ... The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ... The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ... A roots revival (folk revival) is a trend which includes young performers popularizing the traditional musical styles of their ancestors. ... Bitches Brew (1970) by Miles Davis is considered the most influential early fusion album. ... Rock and roll (also spelled Rock n Roll, especially in its first decade), also called rock, is a form of popular music, usually featuring vocals (often with vocal harmony), electric guitars and a strong back beat; other instruments, such as the saxophone, are common in some styles. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Jazz is an original American musical art form that originated around the start of the 20th century in New Orleans, rooted in African American musical styles blended with Western music technique and theory. ... Blues music redirects here. ... Hip hop music is a style of music which came into existence in the United States during the mid-1970s, and became a large part of modern pop culture during the 1980s. ... Bradley Fish (b. ...

1. ^ Menashe Ravina, "The Songs of the People of Israel", published by Hamossad Lemusika Ba'am, 1943

Styles

The Israeli music is very versatile and combines elements of both western and eastern music. It tends to be very eclectic and contains a wide variety of influences from the Diaspora and more modern cultural importation. Hassidic songs, Asian and Arab pop, especially Yemenite singers, and hip hop or heavy metal. Look up Diaspora in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Hasidic Judaism (Hebrew: Chasidut חסידות) is a Haredi Jewish religious movement. ... Hip hop music is a style of music which came into existence in the United States during the mid-1970s, and became a large part of modern pop culture during the 1980s. ... Heavy metal is a genre of rock music that emerged as a defined musical style in the 1970s, having its roots in hard rock bands which, between 1969 and 1974,[1] mixed blues and rock to create a hybrid with a thick, heavy, guitar-and-drums-centered sound, characterised by...

National/Folk Music

Termed in Hebrew שירי ארץ ישראל ("songs of the land of Israel"), folk songs are meant mainly to be sung in public by the audience or in social events. Some are children's songs; some combine European folk tunes with Hebrew lyrics; some come from military bands and others were written by poets such as Naomi Shemer and Chaim Nachman Bialik. Satellite image of the Land of Israel in January 2003, including portions of the State of Israel, Jordan, Egypt, and Lebanon. ... Naomi Shemer (July 13, 1930 – June 26, 2004) was one of Israels most important and prolific song writers, considered by some the First Lady of Israeli Song. Shemer wrote both words and lyrics to her own songs, composed music to words by others (such as the poet Rachel), and... Hayyim Nahman Bialik (January 9, 1873–July 4, 1934), also commonly written as Chaim or Haim Nachman Bialik and in the Hebrew language as חיים נחמן ביאליק, was a Jewish poet who wrote in Hebrew. ...

The canonical songs of this genre often deal with Zionist hopes and dreams and glorify the life of idealistic Jewish youth who intend on building a home and defending their homeland. A common theme is Jerusalem as well as other parts of Eretz Israel. Tempo varies widely, as do the content. Some songs show a leftist or right-wing bent, while others are typically love songs, lullabies or other formats; some are also socialist in subject, due to the long-standing influence of socialism on Jews in parts of the Diaspora. Zionism is a political movement that supports a homeland for the Jewish people in the Land of Israel, where Jewish nationhood is thought to have evolved somewhere between 1200 BCE and late Second Temple times,[1][2] and where Jewish kingdoms existed up to the 2nd century CE. Zionism is... This article describes some ethnic, historic, and cultural aspects of the Jewish identity; for a consideration of the Jewish religion, refer to the article Judaism. ... Panoramic view from Mt. ... The Land of Israel (Hebrew: Eretz Yisrael) refers to the land making up the ancient Jewish Kingdoms of Israel and Judah. ... In musical terminology, tempo (Italian for time) is the speed or pace of a given piece. ... Socialism refers to a broad array of doctrines or political movements that envisage a socio-economic system in which property and the distribution of wealth are subject to social control. ...

Patriotic folk songs are common, mostly written during the wars of Israel. They typically concern themselves with soldiers' friendships and the sadness of death during war. Some are now played at memorials or holidays dedicated to the Israeli dead.

Also common are songs discussing the longing for Peace.

Well-known singers:

• Yehoram Gaon
• Arik Lavi (1927 - 2004)
• Yafa Yarkoni
• Shoshana Damari
• Nahal (military troupe)
• Ha-Gevatron
• Esther Ofarim

See also: Patriotic songs and Category:Israeli songs about Peace. Yehoram Gaon, informally spelled Yoram Gaon (1939-) is an Israeli singer and actor. ... Shoshana Damari (1923 - February 14, 2006) was an Israeli singer and actress. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Esther Ofarim is an Israeli entertainer, formerly well-known for her partnership with her husband Abi Ofarim. ... This is an incomplete list. ...

Classical music

Just as writers of popular music sought a new, "Hebrew" style, many classical composers sought new modes of composition that would give expression to their new national identity. "... One cannot continue in this country writing works which are based on purely western concepts," wrote music critic David Rosolio in 1946. "The landscape, the lifestyle, the environment, all require a change and fundamentally different approach."^[2] Alexander Boskovitz in his "Semitic Suite" for piano (1945) writes in a homophonic style with a drone accompaniment and repeated notes, immitating the sound of the Arabic Oud and Kanun. Paul Ben Haim wrote "Sonata A Tre" for cembalo, mandolin and guitar (1968) also has a distinctly Middle eastern sound. Many Israeli composers in the 21st century, such as Betty Olivero and Tzippi Fleisher, also draw on Jewish and Middle Eastern origins for style and inspiration. Classical music is a broad, somewhat imprecise term, referring to music produced in, or rooted in the traditions of, European art, ecclesiastical and concert music, encompassing a broad period from roughly 1000 to the present day. ...

Israel is well known for its famous classical orchestras and the Israeli Philharmonic Orchestra under the management of Zubin Mehta has a worldwide reputation. This article does not cite its references or sources. ... Fredric R. Mann Auditorum (he:Hichal Hatarbot), home of the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra The Leonard Bernstein Plaza in front of the Mann Auditorum The Israel Philharmonic Orchestra (abbreviation IPO; Hebrew: התזמורת הפילהרמונית הישראלית, ha-Tizmoret ha-Filharmonit ha-Yisreelit) is the leading symphony orchestra in Israel, and one of the top orchestras... Zubin Mehta (born April 29, 1936) is an Indian conductor of Western classical music. ...

As the Holy land, Israel is full with ancient churches, and holy music of various sorts, including liturgical music and Gregorian chanting, either remain popular or have been revived. Terra Sancta sive Palæstina with Israelite tribal allotments shown. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article may require cleanup. ... From the Greek word λειτουργία, which can be transliterated as leitourgia, meaning a public work, a liturgy comprises a prescribed religious ceremony, according to the traditions of a particular religion; it may refer to, or include, an elaborate formal ritual (such as the Catholic Mass), or a daily activity such as... Gregorian chant is also known as plainchant or plainsong, and is a form of monophonic, unaccompanied singing, which was developed in the Catholic church, mainly during the period 800-1000. ...

Notable Israeli classical musicians:

• Daniel Barenboim (piano, conductur)
• Dudu Fisher (cantor, opera singer)
• Yaacov Bilansky Levanon (composer, violinist)
• Itzhak Perlman (violin)
• Yavgeni Shapovalov (opera singer)
• Pinchas Zukerman (violin, viola)

1. ^ Menashe Ravina, "The Songs of the People of Israel", published by Hamossad Lemusika Ba'am, 1943
2. ^ David Rosolio in a review of the Semitic Suite by Alexander Boskovitz, Ha'aretz, March 1, 1946.

Daniel Barenboim conducting. ... David (Dudu) Fisher (born 1951, Petah Tikva; ) is an Israeli cantor and stage performer. ... Composer Yaacov Bilansky Levanon (b. ... Itzhak Perlman Itzhak Perlman (born August 31, 1945) (in Jaffa, now part of Tel Aviv) is an Israeli violinist and teacher. ... Image:Zukerman. ...

Rock

Israeli rock is more soft and quiet than American or British rock'n'roll and tends to feature soft vocals more often than heavy riffing and guitar virtuosos. Rock and roll (also spelled Rock n Roll, especially in its first decade), also called rock, is a form of popular music, usually featuring vocals (often with vocal harmony), electric guitars and a strong back beat; other instruments, such as the saxophone, are common in some styles. ...

Well-known bands:

• Kaveret, known in English-speaking countries as "Poogy",

also the nickname of the drummer, Meir Fenigstein [1]. Kaveret (Hebrew: כוורת, meaning beehive) was an Israeli rock band in the 1970s that won much fame around the world for their often humorous songs and unique style of music. ...

• Mashina
• HaYehudim (the Jews, hardrock band)

Soft rock artist are: Mashina are an Israeli rock band, singing in Hebrew, who were active from 1985 to 1995, and then again from 2003 to the present. ... HaYehudim(literally: the Jews) are a current day Israeli hard-rock band. ...

• Aviv Geffen
• Shlomo Artzi
• Arik Einstein

Israel is also one of the leading creators of Goa trance and psychedelic trance. The most popular artists are Astral Projection, Infected Mushroom, Astrix and Skazi. Aviv Geffen Aviv Geffen (אביב גפן, b. ... Shlomo Artzi (Hebrew: ) is a famous Israeli singer and composer. ... Arik Einstein (January 3, 1939-) is an Israeli singer. ... Goa trance (often referred as Goa or by the number 604) is a form of electronic music and is a style of trance music which originated in the Indian state of Goa, as opposed to most other forms of trance music which appeared in Europe. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Astral Projection are a musical group producing Goa trance music. ... Infected Mushroom is an Israeli psychedelic trance duo which has attained significant popularity from the late 1990s to the present time (2006). ... Astrix live with mixing desk, laptop, DJ CD-turntables Astrix (Avi Shmailov) is a Psychedelic Trance DJ and producer specialising in the sub-genre of Full On Psychedelic Trance. ... Skazi is a band with Asher Swisa and Assaf B-Bass from Israel. ...

Pop

• Svika Pick (singer, songwriter and a composer)
• Sharona Pik and Daniela Pik (daughters of Tsvika)
• Gali Atari (Eurovision Song Contest winner, as lead singer of Milk and Honey)
• Rita Kleinstein
• Rami Kleinstein
• Roni Superstar
• Dana International (Eurovision Song Contest winner)
• Idan Raichel
• Izhar Cohen (Eurovision Song Contest winner)
• Ivri Lider
• Shiri Maimon
• Ninet Tayeb
• Shay Gabso
• Yoni Bloch
• Har'el Moyal
• Har'el Ska'at
• Dganit Dado Watch Dado's video "Leaving You"

This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Svika Pick sometimes written as Tsvika Pik,Tzvika Pick (Hebrew: צביקה פיק, b. ... Avigail Gali Atari (born December 29, 1953 in Rehovot, Israel) is an Israeli actress and singer, who won the 1979 Eurovision Song Contest. ... Eurovision Song Contest logo. ... Milk And Honey is a posthumous album by John Lennon first released in 1984. ... This article does not give much verifiable information about the subject. ... Roni Duani (רוני דואני born March 10, 1986 in Rishon Lezion, Israel) is an Israeli Blonde pop singer, childrens television show host and a fashion model. ... Dana International performs at the 1998 Eurovision Song Contest Dana International (Hebrew: דנה אינטרנשיונל; stage name of Sharon Cohen, born Yaron Cohen in Tel Aviv, Israel on February 2, 1972) is an Israeli transsexual pop singer of Yemenite origin, who won the 1998 Eurovision Song Contest for her song Diva. She was... Eurovision Song Contest logo. ... Musician Idan Raichel (עידן רייכל), from Kfar Saba, Israel, reached enormous fame and popularity on Israeli radio with his Project (הפרוייקט של עידן רייכל), distinctive for its fusion with ballads, electronics, and incorporation of the voices of the new Ethiopian immigrant community in Israel. ... Izhar Cohen (born 1951 in Givataim, Israel) is an Israeli singer. ... Eurovision Song Contest logo. ... Ivri Lider is an Israeli singer-songwriter. ... Shiri Maimon Shiri Maimon (born May 17, 1981 in Haifa, Israel), sometimes spelt Shiri Maymon, is an Israeli pop singer. ... Ninet Tayeb Ninet Tayeb (נינט טייב born October 21, 1983, in Kiryat-Gat, Israel) is an Israeli pop singer. ...

Heavy metal and alternative rock

The first artists to mention whenever discussing the alt-rock scene in Israel are, of course, Rami Fortis and Berry Sakharov. One cannot overstate the importance these two musicians bear in Israeli music. Heavy metal is a genre of rock music that emerged as a defined musical style in the 1970s, having its roots in hard rock bands which, between 1969 and 1974,[1] mixed blues and rock to create a hybrid with a thick, heavy, guitar-and-drums-centered sound, characterised by... Alternative rock (also called alternative music[1] or simply alternative) is a genre of rock music that emerged in the 1980s and became widely popular in the 1990s. ...

Fortis, known affectionately to diehards as "Fortis HaMeshuga" ("Fortis the nutcase"), first with his pioneer album "Plonter" (1978), and later along with the more soft-spoken Sakharov on albums such as "Sipurim M'Hakufsa" and "1900?", singlehandedly defined the harder Israeli rock/punk sound. Later the two moved on to international projects such as Minimal Compact. Over the years since, the duo has intermittently split up and rebanded, but both continue remain staples on the rock scene in Israel.

Since the 1980s, Israel has had an active underground scene of alternative artists playing thrash metal, death metal, progressive metal, doom metal, black metal, punk rock and Gothic rock. The best known Israeli metal bands are Salem and Orphaned Land; both combine Gothic metal and oriental elements with hard-edged guitar riffs and lyrics focusing on Israeli issues such as the Holocaust and the Israeli-Arab conflict. The fusion between oriental Jewish music and doom metal is called Oriental metal. 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday. ... Look up Underground in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Thrash metal is a subgenre of heavy metal music, one of the extreme metal subgenres, that is characterised by its high speed and aggression. ... Death metal is a sub-genre of heavy metal that evolved out of thrash metal during the early 1980s. ... Progressive metal is a genre of heavy metal music which shares traits with progressive rock including use of complex compositional structures, odd time signatures, and intricate instrumental playing. ... Doom metal is a form of heavy metal that emerged as a recognized genre of metal in the mid-1980s. ... Black metal started in the early 1980s with bands such as Venom, Bathory, Celtic Frost, Mercyful Fate, and Hellhammer. ... Punk rock is an anti-establishment music movement beginning around 1976 (although precursors can be found several years earlier), exemplified and popularised by The Ramones, the Sex Pistols, The Clash and The Damned. ... Gothic rock (also called goth rock or goth) is a genre of rock music that originated during the late 1970s. ... Salem is an Israeli Doom/Death metal band, pioneers of the Oriental metal movement. ... Logo Orphaned Land is an Oriental metal band from Israel. ... Gothic metal is a genre of heavy metal music that originated during the early 1990s in Europe as an outgrowth of doom-death, a subgenre of doom metal. ... The term the Orient - literally meaning sunrise, east - is traditionally used to refer to Near, Middle, and Far Eastern countries. ... Concentration camp inmates during the Holocaust The Holocaust was Nazi Germanys systematic genocide (ethnic cleansing) of various ethnic, religious, national, and secular groups during World War II. Early elements include the Kristallnacht pogrom and the T-4 Euthanasia Program established by Hitler that killed some 200,000 people. ... Israel and the Arab League states The Arab-Israeli conflict is a long-running conflict in the Middle East regarding the existence of the state of Israel and its relations with non-Jews, most of whom are Arabs, of which a small minority are inhabitants of Israel, the rest living... This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ...

Israel also has a rich punk rock scene. While Israeli punk rock bands have formed as early as the 1980s, the Israeli punk scene was formed in the 1990s, with the increase in the number of hardcore punk fans, Some fans consider Nekhei Na'atza as the "godfathers" of the scene, influencing other bands with their anti-Zionism texts. The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ... The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ...

Bands:

• Dissonant (band)
• Abed
• Armilos [2]
• Betzefer [3]
• Distorted
• Eternal Grey [4]
• Lehavoth [5]
• Orphaned Land
• Salem
• Sleepless
• Substance For God (disbanded)

Punk rock bands: Betzefer is a four-piece Nu metal band originating from Israel. ... Distorted are a progressive death metal band from Bat-Yam in Israel. ... Logo Orphaned Land is an Oriental metal band from Israel. ... Salem is an Israeli Doom/Death metal band, pioneers of the Oriental metal movement. ...

• Beer7 [6]
• Bo Labar [7]
• Brutal Assault [8]
• Dir Yassin [9]
• Go'al Nefesh
• Melakhekhey Ha'Pinka [10]
• Nekhei Na'atza
• Pain Killers
• Useless ID
• UxSxF

Beer7 is a punk-ska band from Beer sheva, Israel. ... Nekhei Naatza were the godfathers of the Israeli punk scene and gave an example to the other bands with their anti-Zionism texts. ... Useless ID is a four-piece punk-rock band hailing from Haifa, Israel. ...

Ethnic music

• David Broza's video "In My Heart"
• Ofra Haza
• Ahinoam Nini a.k.a Noa
• Yehuda Poliker (Greek music)
• Mirel Reznik (Gypsy-style violinist)
• the Idan Raichel Project

Ofra Haza Ofra Haza (עָפְרָה חָזָה born November 19, 1957, died February 23, 2000) was a popular Israeli singer, actress and international recording artist. ... Noa on an album cover Ahinoam Nini (in Hebrew אחינועם ניני) (born 1969) is an Israeli singer. ... Yehuda Poliker (b. ... This article is becoming very long. ... ...

Mizrahi music

Mediterranean music, known in Hebrew as Mizrahit מזרחית ("Oriental"), is an oriental style of music, mainly popular within the oriental Jews who immigrated and fled to Israel from Arab lands (Mizrahim). This style features a modernized adaptation of Arabic music and San Remo, enriching the traditional instruments (such as the oud) with violins and electronic musics. This music is mainly known for its singing style, known as Silsulim. The term the Orient - literally meaning sunrise, east - is traditionally used to refer to Near, Middle, and Far Eastern countries. ... This article deals with those Jewish communities indigenous to the Middle East. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require restructuring. ... The name San Remo can refer to several different things: San Remo, Italy – a large town in Italy San Remo, Victoria – a town in Victoria, Australia The San Remo – an apartment building in New York City This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists... This does not cite its references or sources. ...

Main artists:

• Zohar Argov
• Eyal Golan
• Zehava Ben
• Haim Moshe
• Amir Benayoun
• Sarit Hadad

Until the 1980s, this music was an underground music and not accepted as legitimate culture by the dominant European-oriented cultural elite. The great breakthrough was made by Zohar Argov who made this music popular with the general public and on commercial TV and radio. Zohar Argov (July 16, 1955 - 1987) was a popular Israeli Middle Eastern style singer. ... Eyal Golan, אייל גולן (Born:c1972-) is one of Israels most energetic and popular singers. ... Zehava Ben is one of the most popular Israeli female vocalists in the Mizrahi genre, the Turkish style of singing which has come to dominate Oriental music in the 90s. ... Sarit on TV Sarit Hadad (Hebrew: שרית חדד, born September 20, 1978) is a popular Israeli singer. ... 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday. ... Zohar Argov (July 16, 1955 - 1987) was a popular Israeli Middle Eastern style singer. ...

See separate entry for Mizrahi music Mizrahi music usually refers to the new wave of music in Israel which combines Israeli music with the flavor of Arabic and Mediterranean (especially Greek) music. ...

Hip hop and rap

The successful hip hop culture and rap music was imported to Israel. They remain popular, although shunned in many circles. Other performers include the Israeli Arab Tafer Nafar and leftist Israeli Jews Hadag Nahash and Muki/Mook E.. Breakdancer in Ljubljana, Slovenia. ... Hip hop music is a style of music which came into existence in the United States during the mid-1970s, and became a large part of modern pop culture during the 1980s. ... Hadag Nahash (or HaDag Nachash) (Hebrew:הדג נחש) is a chart-topping Israeli hip-hop group. ...

Rappers:

• Subliminal
• The Shadow
• BooSkills
• SHI 360
• Hadag Nahash (the "SnakeFish")
• Ha Shevet ("the tribe" - alternative hip-hopsoul group)
• Shabak Samech (disbanded)
• Muki (left wing)
• Tamer Nafar and DAM (Israeli Arab)
• Shorti and Bigi ("small and little" - mixture of rapping, dance and oriental music)

There is also a small reggae following in Israel which can be seen in the work of Israeli Dub Foundation and similar groups. Kobi Shimoni (Hebrew: יעקב קובי שמעוני) (born November 13, 1979), commonly known by his rap name Subliminal (Hebrew: סאבלימינל), is an Israeli rap artist and music producer. ... Yoav Eliasi (Hebrew: יואב אליאסי) (born November 21, 1977), commonly known by his rap name The Shadow (Hebrew: הצל), is an Israeli rap artist. ... Guy Boskila (Hebrew: גיא בוסקילה), commonly known by his rap name BooSkills (Hebrew: בוסקילז), is an Israeli rap artist. ... Shai Haddad (Hebrew: שי חדד) (born July 19, 1976), commonly known by his rap name SHI 360 (Hebrew: שי 360), is an Israeli rap artist and DJ. He is part of the stable of artists on the label, TACT Records. ... Hadag Nahash (or HaDag Nachash) (Hebrew:הדג נחש) is a chart-topping Israeli hip-hop group. ... 1998 promotional photo Shabak Samech (שבקס) (aka Shabak S) is the first recognized rap/hip-hop group to come out of Israel, from the small town of Yavneh. ... Tamer Nafar is a Palestinian rap artist. ... DAM is the first Palestinian rap group. ... Popular West Coast rapper Snoop Dogg performing for the US Navy. ... Dance music is a style of popular music commonly played in dance music nightclubs, radio stations and shows and raves. ...

Trance

Israel is also one of the leading creators of Goa trance and psychedelic trance. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Goa trance (often referred as Goa or by the number 604) is a form of electronic music and is a style of trance music which originated in the Indian state of Goa, as opposed to most other forms of trance music which appeared in Europe. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

Main artists:

• Alien Project
• Analog Pussy
• Astral Projection
• Astrix
• California Sunshine
• Infected Mushroom
• Skazi
• Space Cat
• Yahel

Alien Project is the psychedelic trance artist Ari Linker from Tel Aviv, Israel. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Astral Projection are a musical group producing Goa trance music. ... Astrix live with mixing desk, laptop, DJ CD-turntables Astrix (Avi Shmailov) is a Psychedelic Trance DJ and producer specialising in the sub-genre of Full On Psychedelic Trance. ... California Sunshine are Har-el Prussky and DJ Miko, a Israel. ... Infected Mushroom is an Israeli psychedelic trance duo which has attained significant popularity from the late 1990s to the present time (2006). ... Skazi is a band with Asher Swisa and Assaf B-Bass from Israel. ... Space Cat is an underground cartoon by Fish Griwkowsky which begun as a joke illustration in a Canadian university newspaper in 1993. ... From Yahels clip Inteligent Life Yahel Sherman (Yahel) is a popular trance producer and Dj from Israel. ...

References

• Lenz, Dubi. "A Narrow Bridge". 2000. In Broughton, Simon and Ellingham, Mark with McConnachie, James and Duane, Orla (Ed.), World Music, Vol. 1: Africa, Europe and the Middle East, pp 363-369. Rough Guides Ltd, Penguin Books. ISBN 1-85828-636-0
• Cohen, Judith. "Ladino Romance". 2000. In Broughton, Simon and Ellingham, Mark with McConnachie, James and Duane, Orla (Ed.), World Music, Vol. 1: Africa, Europe and the Middle East, pp 370-379. Rough Guides Ltd, Penguin Books. ISBN 1-85828-636-0
• Regev, Motti & Edwin Seroussi. Popular Music & National Culture in Israel. 2004. University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-23654-8

External links

• Israelimusictv.com - Jewish Hip-Hop Music Videos
• IMTV - Jewish Music Blog