Culture of Poland

Periods

Middle Ages Renaissance Baroque Enlightenment Romanticism Positivism Young Poland Interbellum World War II Socialist realism Modern Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (800x609, 94 KB) ÄŒesky | Deutsch | English | Ελληνικά | Español | فارسی | Français | עברית | Indonesian | Italiano | 日本語 | 한국어 | Magyar | Nederlands | Polski | Português | RomânÇŽ | Русский | Slovenščina | Српски | Sunda | 简体中文 | 正體中文 | Türkçe | Русский | Українська +/- File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... The culture of medieval Poland is closely intertwined with the activities of the Catholic Church in Poland, especially during the first centuries of the Polish states history. ... Jan Kochanowski, a leading poet and writer of Polish Renaissance, and one of the most eminent Slavic poets. ... Polish baroque started in the late 16th century. ... The ideas of the Age of Enlightenment in Poland were developed later then in the Western Europe, as Polish bourgeoisie was weaker, and szlachta (nobility) culture (Sarmatism) together with the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth political system (Golden Freedoms) were in deep crisis. ... Romanticism in Poland was eventually followed with the period known as positivism in Poland. ... For other meanings of positivism, see Positivism. ... Young Poland (Polish Młoda Polska) is a modernist period in Polish art, literature and music, covering roughly the years between 1890 and 1918. ... Polish culture during World War II was brutally suppressed by the occupants (see Treatment of Polish citizens by the occupiers). ... Socialist realism in Poland (or socrealizm) was introduced to Peoples Republic of Poland in force by Deputy Minister (later, Minister of Art and Culture) WÅ‚odzimierz Sokorski in 1949. ... After the end of the Second World War, Polish society and culture have been subject to significant changes. ...

Arts

Cinema Literature Music Theater Polish literature is the literary tradition of Poland. ... The great strength of Polish dramatic theatre is the high quality of its actors. ...

Artists

Artists Authors Composers Musicians Painters Poets The following is a list of some important Polish artists and groups of artists. ... List of Polish language authors This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it. ... Disclaimer: Names that cannot be confirmed in Wikipedia database nor through given sources are subject to removal. ... // Anita Lipnicka Anna Jurksztowicz Basia Edyta Bartosiewicz Monika Brodka Ania Dąbrowska Edyta Geppert Edyta Górniak Natasha Urbańska Ewa Sonnet Ewelina Flinta Martyna Jakubowicz Anna Maria Jopek Anna Jantar Reni Jusis Kayah Kasia Kowalska Natalia Kukulska Mandaryna Irena Santor Joanna Rawik Slawa Przybylska Marta Mirska Ludmila Jakubczak Janina... This is an alphabetical listing of Polish painters. ... Poets who have written much of their poetry in the Polish language. ...

Artists from Poland, including famous composers like Chopin or Penderecki and traditional, regionalized folk musicians, create a lively and diverse music scene, which even recognizes its own music genres, such as poezja śpiewana and disco polo. As of 2006, Poland is one of the few countries in Europe where rock and hip hop dominate over pop music, while all kinds of alternative music genres are encouraged. “Chopin” redirects here. ... Krzysztof Penderecki. ... Folk music can have a number of different meanings, including: Traditional music: The original meaning of the term folk music was synonymous with the term Traditional music, also often including World Music and Roots music; the term Traditional music was given its more specific meaning to distinguish it from the... For other uses, see Music (disambiguation). ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Poezja Å›piewana (meaning sung poetry in Polish) is a broad and inprecise music genre, used mostly in Poland to describe songs consisting of a poem (most often a ballad) and music written specially for that text. ... Disco polo is a musical genre unique and native to Poland, which in its present form exists since the early 1990s. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ... Rock and roll (also spelled Rock n Roll, especially in its first decade), also called rock, is a form of popular music, usually featuring vocals (often with vocal harmony), electric guitars and a strong back beat; other instruments, such as the saxophone, are common in some styles. ... Hip hop music is a style of music which came into existence in the United States during the mid-1970s, and became a large part of modern pop culture during the 1980s. ... For popular forms of music in general, see Popular music. ... The term alternative rock or alternative music1 was coined in the early 1980s to describe bands which didnt fit into the mainstream genres of the time. ...

Beginnings

The origin of Polish music can be traced as far back as the 13th century, from which manuscripts have been found in Stary Sącz, containing polyphonic compositions related to the Parisian Notre Dame School. Other early compositions, such as the melody of Bogurodzica, may also date back to this period. The first known notable composer, however, Mikołaj z Radomia, lived in the 15th century. (12th century - 13th century - 14th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 13th century was that century which lasted from 1201 to 1300. ... Stary SÄ…cz is one of the oldest towns in Poland, founded in the 13th century. ... Polyphony is a musical texture consisting of two or more independent melodic voices, as opposed to music with just one voice (monophony) or music with one dominant melodic voice accompanied by chords (homophony). ... The group of composers working at or near the Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris from about 1170 to 1250, along with the music they produced, is referred to as the Notre Dame school, or the Notre Dame School of Polyphony. ... Bogurodzica manuscript (1407) Bogurodzica (The Mother of God) is the oldest Polish religious hymn. ... MikoÅ‚aj Radomski (first half of XV century), also called MikoÅ‚aj z Radomia, was a Polish composer. ... (14th century - 15th century - 16th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 15th century was that century which lasted from 1401 to 1500. ...

During the 16th century, mostly two musical groups - both based in Kraków and belonging to the King and Archbishop of Wawel - led the rapid innovation of Polish music. Composers writing during this period include Wacław z Szamotuł, Mikołaj Zieleński, and Mikołaj Gomółka. Diomedes Cato, a native-born Italian who lived in Kraków from about the age of five, became one of the most famous lutenists at the court of Sigismund III Vasa, and not only imported some of the musical styles from southern Europe, but blended them with native folk music. (15th century - 16th century - 17th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 16th century was that century which lasted from 1501 to 1600. ... For other uses, see Krakow (disambiguation). ... WacÅ‚aw z SzamotuÅ‚ (b. ... MikoÅ‚aj ZieleÅ„ski (b. ... MikoÅ‚aj Gomółka (b. ... Diomedes Cato (1560 to 1565 – after 1618) was an Italian-born composer and lute player, who lived and worked entirely in Poland. ... Sigismund III Vasa (Polish: ) (20 June 1566 – 30 April 1632 N.S.) was King of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1587 to 1632, and King of Sweden (where he was known simply as Sigismund) from 1592 until he was deposed in 1599. ...

17th and 18th centuries

In the last years of the 16th century and the first part of the 17th century, a number of Italian musicians were guests at the royal courts of Sigismund III Vasa and Władysław IV. These included Luca Marenzio, Giovanni Francesco Anerio, and Marco Scacchi. Polish composers from this period focused on baroque religious music, concertos for voices, instruments, and basso continuo, a tradition that continued into the 18th century. The most well-remembered composer of this period was Adam Jarzębski, known for his instrumental works such as Chromatica, Tamburetta, Sentinella, Bentrovata, and Nova Casa. Other composers include Grzegorz Gerwazy Gorczycki, Franciszek Lilius, Bartłomiej Pękiel, Stanisław Sylwester Szarzyński and Marcin Mielczewski. (16th century - 17th century - 18th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 17th century was that century which lasted from 1601-1700. ... Sigismund III Vasa (Polish: ) (20 June 1566 – 30 April 1632 N.S.) was King of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1587 to 1632, and King of Sweden (where he was known simply as Sigismund) from 1592 until he was deposed in 1599. ... Reign in Poland From November 8, 1632 until May 20, 1648 Reign in Russia From 1610 until 1635 Elected in Poland On November 8, 1632 in Wola, today suburb of Warsaw, Poland Elected in Russia In 1610 Coronation On February 6, 1633 in the Wawel Cathedral, Kraków, Poland Royal... Luca Marenzio (1553? - August 22, 1599) was an Italian composer of the late Renaissance. ... Giovanni Francesco Anerio (c. ... Adoration, by Peter Paul Rubens. ... The term concerto (plural concertos or concerti) usually refers to a musical work in which one solo instrument is accompanied by an orchestra. ... Figured bass, or thoroughbass, is a kind of integer musical notation used to indicate intervallic content (the intervals which make up a sonority), later chords, in relation to a bass note. ... (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. ... Adam JarzÄ™bski (b. ... Grzegorz Gerwazy Gorczycki (ca. ... Franciszek Lilius (b. ... BartÅ‚omiej PÄ™kiel (died ca. ... Marcin Mielczewski (d. ...

In addition, a tradition of operatic production began in Warsaw in 1628, with a performance of Galatea (composer uncertain), the first Italian opera produced outside Italy. Shortly after this performance, the court produced Francesca Caccini's opera La liberazione di Ruggiero dall'isola d’Alcina, which she had written for Prince Władysław three years earlier when he was in Italy. Another first, this is the earliest surviving opera written by a woman. When Władysław was king (as Władysław IV) he oversaw the production of at least ten operas during the late 1630s and 1640s, making Warsaw a center of the art. The composers of these operas are not known: they may have been Poles working under Marco Scacchi in the royal chapel, or they may have been among the Italians imported by Władysław. Francesca Caccini (September 18, 1587 – probably 1640) was an Italian composer, singer, lutenist, and music teacher of the early Baroque era. ... La liberazione di Ruggiero dallisola dAlcina ( The Liberation of Ruggiero from the island of Alcina) is a comic opera in four scenes by Francesca Caccini, first performed February 3, 1625 at the Villa di Poggio Imperiale in Florence, with a libretto by Ferdinando Saracinelli, based on Ludovico Ariosto... Reign in Poland From November 8, 1632 until May 20, 1648 Reign in Russia From 1610 until 16351 Coronation On February 6, 1633 in the Wawel Cathedral, Kraków, Poland Royal House Vasa Parents Zygmunt III Waza Anna Austriaczka Consorts Cecylia Renata Ludwika Maria Gonzaga Children with Cecylia Renata Zygmunt...

The late 17th and 18th century saw a decline of Poland, which also hindered the development of music. Some composers attempted to create a Polish opera (such as Jan Stefani and Maciej Kamieński), others imitated foreign composers such as Haydn and Mozart. “Haydn” redirects here. ... “Mozart” redirects here. ...

The most important development in this time, however, was the polonaise, perhaps the first distinctively Polish art music. Polonaises for piano were and remain popular, such as those by Michał Kleofas Ogiński, Karol Kurpiński, Juliusz Zarębski, Henryk Wieniawski, Mieczysław Karłowicz, Józef Elsner, and, most famously, Fryderyk Chopin. Chopin remains very well-known, and is regarded for composing a wide variety of works, including mazurkas, nocturnes, waltzes and concertos, and using traditional Polish elements in his pieces. The same period saw Stanisław Moniuszko, the leading individual in the successful development of Polish opera, still renowned for operas like Halka and The Haunted Manor. Typical rhythm of a Polonaise For a robe à la polonaise, see Polonaise (clothing). ... This article is about the broad genre of classical music in the Western musical tradition. ... MichaÅ‚ Kleofas OgiÅ„ski (b. ... Karol Kazimierz KurpiÅ„ski (March 6, 1785) – (September 18, 1857) was a Polish composer, conductor and pedagogue. ... Juliusz ZarÄ™bski (February 28, 1854 in Zhytomyr - November 15, 1885 in Zhytomyr) was a Polish composer and pianist. ... Henryk Wieniawski (July 10, 1835 Lublin, Poland - March 31, 1880 Moscow) was a Polish composer and violinist. ... MieczysÅ‚aw KarÅ‚owicz (December 11, 1876 - February 8, 1909) was a Polish composer, born in the Polish province of Vilna. ... Józef Elsner (1769 - 1854) was a Polish composer and professor of music remembered today primarily as the teacher of composer Frédéric Chopin. ... This article is about Frédéric Chopin, the composer. ... The mazurka (Polish: mazurek, named after Polands Masuria district[1]) is a Polish folk dance in triple metre with a lively tempo, containing a heavy accent on the third or second beat. ... A nocturne (from the French for nocturnal) is usually a musical composition that is inspired by, or evocative of, the night. ... A waltz (German: , Italian: , French: , Spanish: , Catalan: ) is a ballroom and folk dance in   time, done primarily in closed position. ... The term concerto (plural concertos or concerti) usually refers to a musical work in which one solo instrument is accompanied by an orchestra. ... Stanisław Moniuszko Stanisław Moniuszko (b. ... Polish opera is the art of opera in Poland. ... Halka (Helen) is an opera by the Polish composer StanisÅ‚aw Moniuszko. ... Murzynowski family manor in Kalinowa near BÅ‚aszki, on which the setting of the Haunted Manor is based on. ...

Traditional music

Polish folk music was collected in the 19th century by Oskar Kolberg, as part of a wave of Polish national revival. With the coming of the world wars and then the Communist state, folk traditions were oppressed or subsumed into state-approved folk ensembles. The most famous of the state ensembles are Mazowsze and Śląsk, both of which still perform. Though these bands had a regional touch to their output, the overall sound was a homogenized mixture of Polish styles. There were more authentic state-supported groups, such as Słowianki, but the Communist sanitized image of folk music made the whole field seem unhip to young audiences, and many traditions dwindled rapidly. Folk music can have a number of different meanings, including: Traditional music: The original meaning of the term folk music was synonymous with the term Traditional music, also often including World Music and Roots music; the term Traditional music was given its more specific meaning to distinguish it from the... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... National revival or national awakening is a term used in some European nations for their period of romantic nationalism. ... A map of countries who declared themselves to be socialist states under the Marxist-Leninist or Maoist definition (in other words, Communist states) at some point in their history. ... Masovia (Polish: Mazowsze) is a geographical and historical region situated in central Poland with its capital in Warsaw. ... Please be advised that the factual accuracy of Wikipedia articles dealing with topics related to the Oder-Neisse Line is often disputed. ...

Polish dance music, especially the mazurka and polonaise, were popularized by Frédéric Chopin, and they soon spread across Europe and elsewhere. These are triple time dances, while five-beat forms are more common in the northeast and duple-time dances like the polka and krakowiak come from the south. The polonaise comes from the French word for Polish to identify its origin among the Polish aristocracy, who had adapted the dance from a slower walking dance called chodzony. The polonaise then re-entered the lower-class musical life, and became an integral part of Polish music. The mazurka (Polish: mazurek, named after Polands Masuria district[1]) is a Polish folk dance in triple metre with a lively tempo, containing a heavy accent on the third or second beat. ... Typical rhythm of a Polonaise For a robe à la polonaise, see Polonaise (clothing). ... Street musicians in Prague playing a polka Polka is a type of dance, and also a genre of dance music. ... The Krakowiak is a fast, syncopated Polish dance in duple time from the region of Krakow and Little Poland. ...

Podhale

also: Music of Podhale

While folk music has largely died out in Poland, especially in urban areas, the tourist destination of Podhale has retained its traditions. The regional capital, Zakopane, has been a center for art since the late 19th century, when people like composer Karol Szymanowski, who discovered Goral folk music there, made the area chic among Europe's intellectuals. Though a part of Poland, Podhale's musical life is more closely related to that found in the Carpathian mountains of Ukraine and Transylvania. Podhale The Podhale (literally Mountain meadows) is Polands most southern region, sometimes referred to as the Polish highlands. The Podhale is located in the foothills of the Tatra range of the Carpathian mountains, and is characterized by a rich tradition of folklore that is much romanticized in the Polish... Coordinates: , Country Voivodeship Powiat Tatra County Gmina Zakopane Estabilished 17th century City Rights 1933 Government  - Mayor Janusz Majcher Area  - Town 84 km²  (32. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Karol Szymanowski Karol Szymanowski Karol Maciej Korwin-Szymanowski (October 6, 1882–March 28, 1937) was a Polish composer and pianist. ... Satellite image of the Carpathians. ... Map of Romania with Transylvania in yellow Transylvania (Romanian: or ; Hungarian: ; German: ; Bulgarian: ; Serbian: / or / ) is a historical region in central and western Romania. ...

Local ensembles use string instruments like violins and a cello to play a distinctive scale called the Lydian mode. The distinctive singing style used in this scale is called lidyzowanie. The lead violin (prym) are accompanied by several second violins (sekund) and a three-stringed cello (bazy). Duple-time dances like the krzesany, zbójnicki (Brigand's Dances) and ozwodna are popular. The ozwodna has a five bar melodic structure which is quite unusual. The krzesany is an extremely swift dance, while the zbójnicki is well-known and is perceived as being most "typical" of Podhale. Folk songs typically focus on heroes like Janosik. A string instrument (or stringed instrument) is a musical instrument that produces sound by means of vibrating strings. ... The violin is a bowed string instrument with four strings tuned in perfect fifths. ... The violoncello, usually abbreviated to cello, or cello (the c is pronounced as in the ch of check), is a bowed stringed instrument, a member of the violin family. ... Due to historical confusion, Lydian mode can refer to two very different musical modes or diatonic scales. ... Janosik can refer to: Juraj Jánošík, a famous Slovak outlaw JanoÅ¡ik, a village in Serbia. ...

Other regions

Outside of Podhale, few regions have active folk scenes, though there are music festivals, such as the Kazimierz Festival, which are well-known and popular. Regional folk bands include Gienek Wilczek Band (Bukowina), Tadeusz Jedynak Band (Przystalowice Male), Stachy Band (Hazców nad Wislokiem), Franciszek Gola Band (Kadzidło), Edward Markocki Band (Zmyslówka-Podlesie), Kazimierz Kantor Band (Głowaczowa), Swarni Band (Nowy Targ), Kazimierz Meto Band (Glina), Ludwik Młynarczyk Band (Lipnica) and Trebunie-Tutki (Poronin). A music festival is a festival oriented towards music that is sometimes presented with a theme such as musical genre, nationality or locality of musicians, or holiday. ... Bukovina (Bucovina in Romanian; Буковина, Bukovyna in Polish), on the slopes of the Carpathian mountains, comprises an historic province now split between Ukraine. ... Nowy Targ is a town in southern Poland with 34,000 inhabitants (2006). ... Poronin is a village in southern Poland situated in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship since 1999 (it was previously in Nowy SÄ…cz Voivodeship from 1975-1998). ...

Classical music

To find related topics in a list, see List of Polish composers.

During the 17th and 18th centuries, Polish classical music evolved into national forms like the polonaise, and produced such composers as Fryderyk Chopin. Poland was then a center for musical development before declining. Karol Szymanowski soon gained prominence, however, and, like Chopin, included elements of Polish traditional music in his works. He was the best-known Polish composer prior to World War I. Between the wars, a group of composers formed the Association of Young Polish Musicians; these included Grażyna Bacewicz, Zygmunt Mycielski, Michał Spisak and Tadeusz Szeligowski. Disclaimer: Names that cannot be confirmed in Wikipedia database nor through given sources are subject to removal. ... Typical rhythm of a Polonaise For a robe à la polonaise, see Polonaise (clothing). ... This article is about Frédéric Chopin, the composer. ... Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Karol Szymanowski Karol Szymanowski Karol Maciej Korwin-Szymanowski (October 6, 1882–March 28, 1937) was a Polish composer and pianist. ... “The Great War ” redirects here. ... Grazyna Bacewicz was a Polish composer and violinist. ... Zygmunt Mycielski (17 August 1907 – 5 August 1987) was a Polish composer and music critic. ...

Following World War II, some composers, such as Roman Palester and Andrzej Panufnik, fled the country and remained in the exile. In the early 1960s, however, a number of composers known as the Polish composer's school arose, characterized by the use of sonorism and dodecaphonism. The style emerged out of the political crisis in 1956, following Stalin's death; that same year saw the Warsaw Autumn music festival inaugurated, from whence came additional popularity for the Polish composer's school. Composers included Tadeusz Baird, Boguslaw Schaeffer, Włodzimierz Kotoński, Witold Szalonek, Krzysztof Penderecki, Witold Lutosławski, Wojciech Kilar, Kazimierz Serocki and Henryk Mikołaj Górecki. Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... Roman Palester (December 28, 1907 - August 25, 1989) was a Polish composer of classical music. ... Sir Andrzej Panufnik (September 24, 1914 - October 27, 1991) was a Polish composer, pianist, and a conductor of classical music. ... The 1960s decade refers to the years from January 1, 1960 to December 31, 1969, inclusive. ... Sonorism is an approach to musical composition that focuses on the characteristics, quality, and texture of sound. ... Twelve-tone technique (also dodecaphony) is a method of musical composition devised by Arnold Schoenberg. ... Year 1956 (MCMLVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Cover for the CD of the 2001 Warsaw Autumn festival. ... A music festival is a festival oriented towards music that is sometimes presented with a theme such as musical genre, nationality or locality of musicians, or holiday. ... Tadeusz Baird was a Polish composer. ... Boguslaw Schaeffer was a famous Polish composer, musicologist, graphic artist and professor; born 6 June 1929 in Lwow (now Lviv, Ukraine). ... Krzysztof Penderecki. ... Witold LutosÅ‚awski at his home. ... Photograph of Wojciech Kilar. ... Kazimierz Serocki (3 March 1922, ToruÅ„ - 9 January 1981, Warsaw) was a Polish composer and one of the founders of the Warsaw Autumn contemporary music festival. ... Henryk Górecki. ...

More modern composers include Krzysztof Meyer, Paweł Szymański, Krzesimir Dębski, Hanna Kulenty, Eugeniusz Knapik and Paweł Mykietyn. Paweł Szymański (b. ... PaweÅ‚ Mykietyn (b. ...

Contemporary music

Eddie Rosner was a famous Polish jazz trumpeter in the 1930s.

To find related topics in a list, see List of Polish musicians.

Poland has always been a very open country to new music genres and even before the fall of the communism, music styles like rock, metal, jazz, electronic, and New Wave were well-known. Since 1989, the Polish scene has exploded with new talents and a more diverse style. Contrary to most European countries, pop music is not dominant in Poland. It is completely overshadowed by rock and, to a lesser degree, by hip hop. Alternative music styles, such as black metal, gothic rock, trip hop, EBM, and post-rock, are also popular. Most popular polish rock bands are Kult and Hey. Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Adolph Eddie Rosner (born 1910 in Berlin–died August 8, 1976 in Berlin) was a Polish Jazz musician called The White Louis Armstrong or Polish Louis Armstrong in different sources. ... For other uses, see Jazz (disambiguation). ... The trumpet is a musical instrument in the brass family. ... Face The 1930s (years from 1930–1939) were described as an abrupt shift to more radical and conservative lifestyles, as countries were struggling to find a solution to the Great Depression, also known in Europe as the World Depression. ... // Anita Lipnicka Anna Jurksztowicz Basia Edyta Bartosiewicz Monika Brodka Ania Dąbrowska Edyta Geppert Edyta Górniak Natasha Urbańska Ewa Sonnet Ewelina Flinta Martyna Jakubowicz Anna Maria Jopek Anna Jantar Reni Jusis Kayah Kasia Kowalska Natalia Kukulska Mandaryna Irena Santor Joanna Rawik Slawa Przybylska Marta Mirska Ludmila Jakubczak Janina... Rock and roll (also spelled Rock n Roll, especially in its first decade), also called rock, is a form of popular music, usually featuring vocals (often with vocal harmony), electric guitars and a strong back beat; other instruments, such as the saxophone, are common in some styles. ... “Heavy metal” redirects here. ... For other uses, see Jazz (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Electronic music (disambiguation). ... The New Wave was a movement in American, Australian and British popular music, in the late 1970s and early 1980s, growing out of the New York City musical scene centered around the club CBGB. The term itself is a source of much confusion. ... Year 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar). ... For popular forms of music in general, see Popular music. ... Hip hop music is a style of music which came into existence in the United States during the mid-1970s, and became a large part of modern pop culture during the 1980s. ... This article is about the musical genre. ... Gothic rock (sometimes called goth rock or simply goth) is a genre of rock music that originated during the late 1970s. ... Trip hop (also known as the Bristol sound) is a term coined by United Kingdom dance magazine Mixmag, to describe a musical trend in the mid-1990s; trip hop is downtempo electronic music that grew out of Englands hip hop and house scenes. ... Electronic body music (mainly known by its acronym EBM) is a music genre that combines elements of industrial music and electronic punk music. ... The term post-rock was coined by Simon Reynolds in issue 123 of The Wire (May 1994) to describe a sort of music using rock instrumentation for non-rock purposes, using guitars as facilitators of timbres and textures rather than riffs and powerchords. ... Kult is a Punk Rock band formed in 1982 in Poland. ... Hey is a rock band from Szczecin, Poland. ...

Every year, a huge gathering of young Poles meet to celebrate the rock and alternative music in Jarocin or Żary. These events often attract more than 250,000 people and are comparable to the gatherings in Woodstock and Roskilde. Jarocin is a town in central Poland with 25,700 inhabitants (1995). ... Å»ary (German: Sorau) is a town in western Poland with 40,900 inhabitants (1995). ... The Woodstock Music and Art Fair was a historic event held at Max Yasgurs 600 acre (2. ... This article is about the town in Denmark. ...

Poland has a very active underground Extreme Metal Music Scene. Some of the bands that have heralded and helped the cause are Vader, Behemoth, Yattering, Decapitated, Graveland, Baphomets Throne , and Dissenter. This has paved ground for a large underground movement. One of the biggest record labels of death metal in Poland is Empire Records. The tone or style of this article or section may not be appropriate for Wikipedia. ... Behemoth is an influential Polish blackened death metal band. ... Decapitated are a technical death metal band from Poland; their style places them towards the more extreme and technical side of that genre. ... Graveland is a Polish black metal band which was formed in 1992 by Rob Darken (born Robert Fudali). ...

In jazz music, polish musicians created a specific style, which was most famous in 60s and 70s. Most famous polish jazz artists are: Krzysztof Komeda, Adam Makowicz, Tomasz Stańko, Michał Urbaniak. Krzysztof Komeda Krzysztof Komeda (b. ... Adam Makowicz is a Polish pianist, who plays mostly jazz. ... Tomasz StaÅ„ko (born 11 July 1942 in Rzeszów) is a renowned Polish jazz trumpet player, composer, and pioneer of the jazz avant-garde. ... MichaÅ‚ Urbaniak (b. ...

See also

• Culture of Poland
• Culture of Kraków
• History of music

References

• Broughton, Simon. "Hanging on in the Highlands". 2000. In Broughton, Simon and Ellingham, Mark with McConnachie, James and Duane, Orla (Ed.), World Music, Vol. 1: Africa, Europe and the Middle East, pp 219-224. Rough Guides Ltd, Penguin Books. ISBN 1-85828-636-0

External links

• Early Polish Music