Taiwan is densely-populated and culturally diverse, including a majority of Han Chinese, including the Holo and Hakka peoples and significant quantities of "Mainlanders", refugees who arrived with Chiang Kai-shek in the middle of the 20th century, and the minority of aboriginal peoples. (Information on Han Chinese music in general can be found in Music of China, while this article will focus on the local music in Taiwan.) Ethnic distribution chart. ... Han Chinese (Simplified Chinese: 汉族; Traditional Chinese: 漢族; Hanyu pinyin: ) is a term which refers to the majority ethnic group within China and the largest single human ethnic group in the world. ... Hoklo (pronounced Holo; Chinese ; Mandarin pronunciation--pinyin: Fulao) can refer to an ethnic-cultural group originating in Fujian province, China. ... Hakka (Traditional Chinese: 客家; Simplified Chinese: 客家; Pinyin: ; literal meaning guest families) are a Han Chinese people whose ancestors are said to originate from around Henan and Shanxi in northern China over 2700 years ago. ... Mainlanders are those humans who live, or were born, in a mainland. ... Chiang Kai-shek (October 31, 1887 – April 5, 1975) was a Chinese military and political leader who assumed the leadership of the Kuomintang (KMT) after the death of Sun Yat-sen in 1925. ... (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999 in the... A Rukai villege Chief visiting Department of Anthropology in Tokyo Imperial University during the Japanese rule. ... Music of China appears to date back to the dawn of Chinese civilization, and documents and artifacts provide evidence of a well-developed musical culture as early as the Zhou Dynasty (1122 BC - 256 BC). ...

With the arrival of the KMT government in 1949, native Taiwanese culture was suppressed, and Standard Mandarin, as the official language of the Republic of China, was promoted. This led to a break in tradition in parts of the island, and ended in 1987, when martial law was lifted and a revival of traditional culture began. (see Taiwanese localization movement) The Chinese Nationalist Party (Traditional Chinese: 中國國民黨; Simplified Chinese: 中国国民党; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chung1-kuo2 Kuo2-min2-tang3; Tongyong Pinyin: Jhōngguó GuómíndÇŽng), commonly known as the Kuomintang (KMT), is a conservative political party currently active in the Republic of China (ROC) on Taiwan. ... 1949 (MCMXLIX) is a common year starting on Saturday. ... Standard Mandarin is the official Chinese spoken language used by the Peoples Republic of China, the Republic of China (Taiwan), Malaysia and Singapore. ... National motto: None Official language Mandarin Chinese Capital and largest city Taipei President Chen Shui-bian Vice President Annette Lu Premier Su Tseng-chang Area  - Total  - % water Ranked 138th 35,980 km² 2. ... 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Martial law is the system of rules that takes effect (usually after a formal declaration) when a military authority takes control of the normal administration of justice. ... Localization (本土化, POJ: pún-thó·-hòa, Pinyin: BÄ›ntÇ” huà) is a political term used by advocates of Taiwan independence to support their view of Taiwan as not part of China. ...

Hoklo (or Holo)

The Hoklo immigrated from Fujian starting in the 17th century, and brought with them informal folk music, as well as more ritualized instrumental and operatic forms taught in amateur clubs called quguan. Fujian (Chinese: 福建; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Fu-chien; Postal System Pinyin: Fukien, Foukien; local transliteration Hokkien from Min Nan Hok-kiàn) is one of the provinces on the southeast coast of China. ... (16th century - 17th century - 18th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 17th century was that century which lasted from 1601-1700. ... Folk music, in the original sense of the term, is music by and of the common people. ... The foyer of Charles Garniers Opéra, Paris, opened 1875 Opera refers to a dramatic art form, originating in Europe, in which the emotional content or primary entertainment is conveyed to the audience as much through music, both vocal and instrumental, as it is through the lyrics. ...

Instrumental music includes multiple genres, such as beiguan and nanguan. Nanguan originally hails from Quanzhou, PRC, while it is now most common in Lugang and has achieved some international popularity due to the efforts of Gang-a-tsui and Hantang Yuefu. While nanguan is melodic and soft, beiguan is loud and complex and is found across much of the island. Nanguan (南管; pinyin: nánguÇŽn; literally southern pipe; also called nanyin, nanyue, or nanqu) is a traditional musical genre originating in the Fujian province of China. ... Quanzhou (Chinese: 泉州; pinyin: Quánzhōu) is a prefecture level city, located in the Fujian province of China. ... PRC is a common abbreviation for: Peoples Republic of China Palestinian Red Crescent Popular Resistance Committees This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Lukang (鹿港, old Taiwanese name Lo̍k-á-káng, lit. ...

Budaixi hand-puppet theater and Taiwanese opera are very popular, while the latter is often considered the only truly indigenous Han form still extant today. See alternative meanings for other possible definitions. ... Taiwanese (folk) opera (Taiwanese: koa-á-hì; Mandarin: 歌仔戲, Gezaixi; lit. ... // Han in China Han Chinese, the dominant majority ethnic group of mainland China The Chinese written language (漢文) The Han Dynasty (202 BCE - 220 CE) of China The state of Han, a state during the Chinese Warring States Period Han, one of the Chinese Sixteen Kingdoms, founded by the Liu family. ...

Holo folk music is most common today on the Hengchun Peninnsula in the southernmost part of the island, where performers sing accompanied by yueqin (moon guitar), which is a type of two-stringed lute. While the Hengchun yueqin makes only five tunes, this can be diverse and complex when combined with the seven tones of the Taiwanese dialect. Famous folk singers include Chen Da and Yang Xiuqing. The moon guitar, also called moon-zither, gekkin, la chin, laqin, yueh-chin or yueqin (Pinyin from Chinese 月琴), is a traditional Chinese string instrument. ... The lute is a plucked string instrument with a fretted neck and a deep round back. ... Taiwanese (Chinese: 台語, 台灣話; Taiwanese pe̍h-oē-jī: Tâi-oân-oē; Hanyu Pinyin: Táiyǔ or Táiwānhuà) is a dialect of Min Nan spoken by about 70% of the Taiwanese population. ... Nicknamed the Cloud-leaping Tiger, Chen Da was one of the three bandit leaders of Mount Shaohua (together with Zhu Wu and Yang Chun) in the early chapters of the Water Margin. ... Yang Xiuqing (Chinese 杨秀清, Wade-Giles Yang Hsiu-Ching), (died September 2/3, 1856), organizer and commander-in-chief of the Taiping Rebellion. ...

Hakka

Taiwanese opera is popular among the Hakka, and has influenced the tea-picking opera genre. The most distinctive form of Hakka music are mountain songs, or shan'ge, which are similar to Hengchun folk music. Bayin instrumental music is also popular. A Tea-picking opera is a musical entertainment performed in Taiwan by the Hakkanese. ...

Aboriginal music

Of the two broad divisions of Taiwanese aborigines, the plains-dwellers have been largely assimilated into Han culture, while the mountain-dwelling tribes remain distinct. The Amis, Bunun, Paiwan, Rukai and Tsou are known for their polyphonic vocals, of which each has a unique variety. Martin Amis Kingsley Amis The Amis are a tribe of Taiwanese Aborigines The African Union Mission in Sudan (AMIS) This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Bunun people of Taiwan, in formal attire. ... Paiwan is the native language of Taiwan. ... A Rukai village Chief visiting Department of Anthropology in Tokyo Imperial University during the Japanese rule. ... Tsou youth, pre-1945 The Tsou are an indigenous people of Taiwan. ...

Once dying, aboriginal culture has undergone a renaissance since the late 20th century. The 1991 formation of the Formosa Aboriginal Dance Troupe was a major contributor to this trend, while the surprise mainstream success of "Return to Innocence", the theme song to the 1996 Olympic Games, further popularized native musics. "Return to Innocence" was made by Enigma, a popular musical project and sampled the voices of an elderly Amis couple, Guo Yingnan and Guo Xiuzhu. When the couple found out that their recording had become part of an international hit, they filed suit and, in 1999, settled out of court for an unidentified amount.[1] 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Return to Innocence is a 1993 song created by the musical group, Enigma. ... (Redirected from 1996 Olympic Games) Categories: 1996 Summer Olympics ... Enigma is a musical project started by Michael Cretu and his wife Sandra Cretu in 1990. ... 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ...

Bunun

The Bunun's original home was on Taiwan's west coast, in the central and northern plains, but some have more recently settled in the area around Taitung and Hualien. Taitung City (台東市, Taiwanese POJ: Tâi-tang-chhī) is the capital of Taitung County, Taiwan Province of the Republic of China. ... Hualien City (Chinese: 花蓮市; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Hua-lien; POJ: Hoa-liân-chhÄ«) is the capital of Hualien County, Taiwan Province of the Republic of China. ...

Unlike the other indigenous peoples of Taiwan, the Bunun have very little dance music. The best-studied element of traditional Bunun music is improvised polyphonic song. Folk instruments include pestles, five-stringed zithers and the Jew's harp. Dance music is music composed, played, or both, specifically to accompany social dancing. ... Polyphony is a musical texture consisting of two or more independent melodic voices, as opposed to music with just one voice (monophony) or music with one dominant melodic voice accompanied by chords (homophony). ... Mortar and pestle A mortar and pestle are two tools used with each other to grind and mix substances. ... A Musima Guitar Zither 45 strings with 21 melody, 24 chords The zither is a musical string instrument, mainly used in folk music. ... Jews harp, from an American Civil War camp near Winchester, Virginia The Jews harp is one of the oldest musical instruments in the world. ...

In modern times, David Darling, an American cellist, created a project to combine cello and Bunun traditional music, resulting in an album titled Mihumisang. The Bunun Cultural and Educational Foundation, founded in 1995, was the first organization established to help promote and sustain Taiwanese aboriginal culture. David Darling (born March 4, 1941) is a cellist and composer. ... A cello The cello (the c is pronounced /ʧ/ as the ch in church) or cello, short for violoncello, is a stringed instrument and a member of the violin family. ... 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Pop and rock

Until the 1987 lifting of martial law, Taiwanese pop fell into two distinct categories. Taiwanese pop was sung in a native dialect and was popular among older and working-class listeners; it was strongly influenced by Japanese enka. In contrast, Mandarin pop appealed to younger listeners and was greatly aided by the state support of the Mandarin language. The term enka refers to two different styles of Japanese music. ... Mandopop is a colloquial abbreviation for Mandarin pop music. The term refers to C-pop in which the lyrics are in Mandarin Chinese. ...

With the resurgence of interest in native cultural identities starting in the late 1980s, a more distinct and modern form of Taiwanese pop formed. In 1989, a group of musicians called the Blacklist Studio released Song of Madness on Rock Records. Blending hip hop, rock and other styles, the album focused on the issues concerning everyday, modern people. Building on Song of Madness' success, the following year saw Lin Qiang release Marching Forward, which kickstarted what became known as New Taiwanese Song. Pop stars of the 1990s included Wu Bai, Wakin (Emil) Chau (Zhoū Huájiàn), Chang Hui-mei (A-Mei),and new pop idols like Jay Chou and Jolin Tsai. The 1980s decade refers to the years from 1980 to 1989, inclusive. ... 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Blacklist Studio (黑名單工作室) was a group of Taiwanese musicians who came together and released a ground_breaking album in 1989 called Songs of Madness (抓狂歌). ... Rock Records was founded in 1979 by Sam and Johnny Duan(段鍾沂). ... Hip hop music (also referred to as rap or rap music) is a style of popular music. ... Rock is a form of popular music, usually featuring vocals (often with vocal harmony), electric guitars, a bass guitar, and a strong back beat; other instruments, such as the saxophone, trumpet, and trombone are common in some styles, however, horns have been omitted from newer subgenres of rock music since... The 1990s decade refers to the years from 1990 to 1999, inclusive. ... Wu Bai Wu Bai is a rock singer from Taiwan. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Chang Hui-mei (張惠妹, Hanyu Pinyin: Zhāng i) (b. ... Jay Chou (Traditional Chinese: 周杰倫; Simplified Chinese: 周杰伦; Hanyu Pinyin: , born January 18, 1979) is a popular Taiwanese musician specializing in R&B and rap. ... Jolin Tsai (Chinese: 蔡依林; Pinyin: ; born September 15, 1980 in Taipei, Taiwan) is a Taiwanese C-pop singer. ...

The 1990s and early 2000s also saw the emerge of so-called "underground" bands and artists of diverse styles, such as LTK Commune, Labor Exchange Band, Chairman, Feiwu, Dog G, Anarchism, Clippers, ChthoniC. The annual Formoz Festival, Spring Scream, and Gung-liao Ho-hai-yan Rock Festival [2] are representative. Other recent Taiwanese singers/ bands include eVonne, Cyndi Wang Xin Ling, Chen Chi Chen (Cheer Chen), Energy, 5566 and much more. The popular culture of the Taiwanese people had also influenced Han-speaking populations in other countries such as Malaysia and Singapore. For instance, a significant band, May Day (or Wu Yue Tian) has taken these countries by storm. LTK Commune (aka LTK, Taiwanese: Lô-chúi-khoe Kong-siā 濁水溪公社) is a well-known Taiwanese underground band founded in 1990. ... The Labor Exchange Band (交工樂隊, 1999-2003) is an acclaimed Taiwanese Hakka band best known for their commitment to Hakka cultural innovation, as well as environmental activism, particularly in relation to the Meinung Dam. ... A chairman is the presiding officer of a meeting, organization, committee, or other deliberative body. ... Dog G (Taiwanese: Toā-ki 大支, born Tseng Kuan-jung 曾冠榕, Taiwanese: Chan Koàn-iông, pinyin: ZÄ“ng Guànróng, ca. ... The Los Angeles Clippers are a National Basketball Association team based in Los Angeles, California. ... Spring Scream is an outdoor music festival held in early April each year at Kenting (墾丁) in southern Taiwan. ... Chen Chi Chen Chen Chi Chen (Traditional Chinese: 陳綺貞; Simplified Chinese: 陈绮贞; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chen2 Chi3 Chen1; also known as Cheer Chen; born June 7, 1975 in Taipei, Taiwan) is a Taiwanese popular singer, guitarist, and pianist. ... It has been suggested that Mayday_(band) be merged into this article or section. ...

Taiwanese enjoyment of popular music often manifests itself on a practical level with the national obsession for KTV, a variant of karaoke. KTV, meaning karaoke television, is a variant of karaoke that is popular in East Asia, particularly in Taiwan, Hong Kong. ... A Karaoke machine Karaoke (Japanese: カラオケ, from 空 kara, empty, and オーケストラ ōkesutora, orchestra) is a form of entertainment in which an amateur singer or singers sing along with recorded music on microphone. ...

References

• Ying-fen, Wang. "From Innocence to Funny Rap". 2000. In Broughton, Simon and Ellingham, Mark with McConnachie, James and Duane, Orla (Ed.), World Music, Vol. 2: Latin & North America, Caribbean, India, Asia and Pacific, pp 235-240. Rough Guides Ltd, Penguin Books. ISBN 1-85828-636-0

External links

• Underground tones
• From the Margins to the Mainstream--Change, Change, Change for Taiwan's Pop Music