| Sofia Gubaidulina - MSN Encarta (433 words) |
 | Gubaidulina was born in Chistopol’ in Tatarstan of a Tatar father and a Russian mother. |
| She studied piano and composition at the Kazan’ Music Academy in Tatarstan from 1946 to 1949, and then at the Kazan’ Conservatory from 1949 to 1954. |
| Although her early music was often written for traditional concert instruments, it showed a predilection for unusual combinations, as in the Five Etudes (1965) for harp, double bass, and percussion, or In Croce (1979) for cello and organ. |
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