The Caribbean state of Trinidad and Tobago is best known as the homeland of calypso music, including 1950s stars Lord Kitchener and Mighty Sparrow. Other forms of music include Carnival songs like lavway and leggos, as well as bongo music (which originated at wakes). Yoruban shango and Dahomean rada are also popular among the descendants of indentured servants in Port of Spain. The Caribbean state of Trinidad and Tobago is best known as the homeland of calypso music, including 1950s stars Lord Kitchener and Mighty Sparrow. ... Canboulay is a Caribbean Carnival celebration held on Trinidad. ... Calypso is a style of Afro-Caribbean music which originated in the British and French colonial islands of the Caribbean at about the start of the 20th century. ... Chutney music is a form of music indigenous to the southern Caribbean (Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana and Suriname) which derives elements from soca and Hindi film songs. ... Steelpan (also known as pan or steeldrums, and sometimes collectively with the musicians as a steelband) is a musical instrument and a form of music originating in the twin island state of Trinidad & Tobago located in the Caribbean. ... A Calypsonian is a musician, usually from Trinidad, who has studied calypso and memorised its traditional tunes and stanzas. ... Calypso tents are venues in which calypsonians perform during the Carnival season. ... Light comical banter, usually at someone elses expense. ... Parang is a musical style which fuses together Venezuelan and Calypso influences to create up beat tempos with a Spanish style and is popular in Trinidad & Tobago and various areas of Venezuela. ... Soca is a dance music which is a mix of Trinidads calypso and Indian music and rhythms, especially chutney music -- it is not, as is often said, a fusion of soul and calypso. ... Rapso is a formas of Trinidadian music that grew out of the social unrest of the 1970s. ... Pichakaree (or pichakaaree) is an Indo-Trinidadian musical form which originated in Trinidad and Tobago. ... 1966 in music Download sample of Alton Ellis rocksteady track Girl Youve Got a Date. Download sample of Cincinatti Kid by Prince Buster, a legendary ska artist. ... The Cayman Islands are a Caribbean island chain, currently a territory of the United Kingdom. ... The Turks and Caicos Islands are an overseas dependency of the United Kingdom. ... Aruba and the five main islands of the Netherlands Antilles are part of the Lesser Antilles island chain. ... The former French colonies of Martinique and Guadeloupe are small islands in the Caribbean. ... World map depicting Caribbean: West Indies redirects here. ... Calypso is a style of Afro-Caribbean music which originated in the British and French colonial islands of the Caribbean at about the start of the 20th century. ... The 1950s was the decade spanning the years 1950 to 1959. ... For the First World War leader, see Horatio Kitchener Lord Kitchener (April 18, 1922 - February 11, 2000) was one of the most internationally famous calypsonians. ... Mighty Sparrow (real name Slinger Francisco) is a Calypso singer, songwriter, and guitarist. ... The Caribbean state of Trinidad and Tobago is best known as the homeland of calypso music, including 1950s stars Lord Kitchener and Mighty Sparrow. ... Bongo Music The combination of various bongo drums that result in an upbeat form of fast paced percussions – most commonly composed of bongo drums and referred to as bongo music. ... Underwater funeral in Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea A funeral is a ceremony marking a persons death. ... The Yoruba (Yorùbá in Yoruba orthography) are a large ethno-linguistic group or ethnic nation in West Africa. ... In Yorùbá mythology, Shango (Xango, Shango), or Changó in Latin America, is perhaps the most popular Orisha; he is a Sky Father, god of thunder and the ancestor of the Yoruba. ... Dahomey was a kingdom in Africa, situated in what is now the nation of Benin. ... Rada is the term for council or assembly borrowed by Polish from Middle High German Rat (council) and later passed into Czech, Ukrainian, and Belarusian languages. ... An Indentured servant is an unfree labourer under contract to work (for a specified amount of time) for another person, often without any pay, but in exchange for accommodation, food, other essentials and/or free passage to a new country. ... Port of Spain, population 49,000 (2000), is the capital of Trinidad and Tobago and the countrys second largest city by population, after San Fernando. ...

The BP Renegades, a steeldrum orchestra

Calypso was developed on the island of Trinidad, and has since become one of the major musical ancestors of diverse styles, including reggae, soca and rapso. The musical genre began when African slaves were brought to the area to work plantations owned by Europeans, and the slaves were forbidden to talk to each other (in any case, they spoken dozens of different languages, so communication was inherently difficult). A creole culture was formed, combining elements of hundreds of African ethnic groups, native inhabitants of the islands, French, British and Spanish colonizers. The Spanish originally moved into the island in 1532, bringing African slaves. In 1783, the French began to immigrate in large numbers due to a Spanish rule encouraging Roman Catholics to relocate to the islands. With St. Lucia and Dominica taken by the British from the French one year later, in 1784, French immigrants came to dominate the island. In 1802, however, the French and African/Spanish creole population of the islands became a British colony, further muddying the cultural development of Trinidadians and Tobagans. Carnival had arrived with the French, and the slaves, who could not take part in Carnival, formed their own, parallel celebration called canboulay, where calypso music began its existence. In 1834, these two celebrations began a merger because the slaves were emancipated, while the islands' ethnic mix further diversified by the mass migration of Indians beginning in 1845. Most were indentured servants and brought their own folk music, primarily from Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, to the native mix, resulting in chutney music. Image File history File links BPRenegades. ... Image File history File links BPRenegades. ... Steelpan (also known as Pan or Steel drum, and sometimes collectively with the musicians as a Steelband) is a musical instrument and a form of music originating in Trinidad West Indies. ... Trinidad (Spanish, Trinity) is the largest and most populous of the 23 islands which make up the country of Trinidad and Tobago. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Soca is a dance music which is a mix of Trinidads calypso and Indian music and rhythms, especially chutney music -- it is not, as is often said, a fusion of soul and calypso. ... Rapso is a formas of Trinidadian music that grew out of the social unrest of the 1970s. ... Musical genres are categories which contain music which share a certain style or which have certain elements in common. ... For other uses, see Africa (disambiguation). ... A plantation is an intentional planting of a crop, on a larger scale, usually for uses other than cereal production or pasture. ... World map showing Europe Political map (neighboring countries in Asia and Africa also shown) Europe is one of the seven traditional continents of the Earth. ... The term Creole and its relatives in other languages — such as crioulo, criollo, créole, kriolu, criol, kreyol, kriulo, kriol, krio, etc. ... Events May 16 - Sir Thomas More resigns as Lord Chancellor of England. ... 1783 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ... 1784 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... --69. ... Swabian-Alemannic carnival clowns in Wolfach, Germany A carnival is a public celebration or parade combining some elements of a circus and public street party, generally during the Carnival Season. ... Canboulay is a Caribbean Carnival celebration held on Trinidad. ... Calypso is a style of Afro-Caribbean music which originated in the British and French colonial islands of the Caribbean at about the start of the 20th century. ... 1834 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1845 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... An indentured servant is a labourer under contract (an indenture--explained below) to work (for a specified amount of time) for another person or a company/corporation, often without any monetary pay, but in exchange for accommodation, food, other essentials, training, or passage to a new country. ... Uttar Pradesh (Hindi: , Urdu: اتر پردیش, IPA: ), also popularly known by its abbreviation U.P., is the most populous and fifth largest state in the Union of India. ... For other uses, see Bihar (disambiguation). ... Chutney music is a form of music indigenous to the southern Caribbean (Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana and Suriname) which derives elements from soca and Hindi film songs. ...

A parade during Carnival

Stick-fighting and African percussion music were banned in 1880, in response to the Canboulay Riots. They were replaced by bamboo sticks beaten together, but these too were eventually banned. In 1937, however, they reappeared, transformed as an orchestra of frying pans, dustbin lids and oil drums. These steel pans are now a major part of the Trinidadian music scene and are a popular section of the Canboulay music contests. In 1941, the United States Navy arrived on Trinidad, and the panmen, who were associated with lawlessness and violence, helped to popularize steel pan music among soldiers, which began its international popularization. Image File history File links TrinidadCarinvalParade. ... Image File history File links TrinidadCarinvalParade. ... United States Marines on parade. ... 1880 (MDCCCLXXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... The Canboulay Riots were riots by the descendants of freed slaves in the cities of Trinidad and Tobago against attempts by the British police to crack down on aspects of the celebration of Carnival. ... 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... Steelpan (also known as Pan or Steel drum, and sometimes collectively with the musicians as a Steelband) is a musical instrument and a form of music originating in Trinidad West Indies. ... This article is about the year. ... The United States Navy (also known as USN or the U.S. Navy) is the branch of the United States armed forces responsible for conducting naval operations. ...

Calypso

Main article: Calypso music

Calypso, probably derived from a similar West African musical style called kaiso, arose as a means of communication among the slaves; kaiso is still used today as a synonym for calypso in Trinidad and some other islands, often by traditionalists, and is also used as a cry of encouragement for a performer, similar to bravo or olé. Highly rhythmic and harmonic vocals characterized the music, which was most often sung in a French creole and led by a griot. As calypso developed, the role of the griot (originally a similar traveling musician in West Africa) became known as a chantuelle and eventually, calypsonian. Calypso was popularized after the abolition of slavery and the ensuing growth of the Carnival festivals in the 1830s. Calypso is a style of Afro-Caribbean music which originated in the British and French colonial islands of the Caribbean at about the start of the 20th century. ... Kaiso is the term commonly used to refer to calypso music of the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s. ... This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... A griot (pronounced gree-oh) is a West African poet, praise singer, and wandering musician, considered a repository of oral tradition. ... A Calypsonian is a musician, usually from Trinidad, who has studied calypso and memorised its traditional tunes and stanzas. ... Swabian-Alemannic carnival clowns in Wolfach, Germany A carnival is a public celebration or parade combining some elements of a circus and public street party, generally during the Carnival Season. ... Events and Trends Electromagnetic induction discovered by Michael Faraday Dutch-speaking farmers known as Voortrekkers emigrate northwards from the Cape Colony Croquet invented in Ireland Railroad construction begins in earnest in the United States Egba refugees fleeing the Yoruba civil wars found the city of Abeokuta in south-west Nigeria...

Early performers

Early chantwells like Hannibal, Norman Le Blanc, Mighty Panther and Boadicea made names for themselves by criticizing the colonial government. In 1914 (see 1914 in music), calypso was recorded for the first time and the following decade saw the arrival of calypso tents, where calypsonians practiced and, eventually, new musics for Carnival were exhibited (including lavway and leggos). During Carnival, calypsonians competed for awards like the Road March, National Calypso Monarch, Queen Calypso, Junior Monarch and Extempo Monarch in contests called picong, when two performers trade bawdy and irreverent jibes at each other and the day's events. Soon, stars like Lord Invader and The Roaring Lion grew in stature (the 1930s Golden Age of Calypso) and became more closely aligned with the independence movement. Some songs were banned or censored by the British colonial government, and calypso became a method of underground communication and spreading anti-British information. The style thus developed was called oratorical calypso. Native to Trinidad, Mighty Panther is a legend of Trinidadian Calypso music. ... 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday. ... See also: 1913 in music, other events of 1914, 1915 in music and the list of years in music. // Events October 15 - In Rovigo, Beniamino Gigli makes his operatic debut in Amilcare Ponchiellis La Gioconda. ... Calypso tents are venues in which calypsonians perform during the Carnival season. ... The Caribbean state of Trinidad and Tobago is best known as the homeland of calypso music, including 1950s stars Lord Kitchener and Mighty Sparrow. ... The Road March is awarded to musicians during the various Caribbean Carnivals held around the globe. ... Extempo Monarch is the title awarded to the winner of an annual extempo competition held at the Trinidad Carnival. ... Light comical banter, usually at someone elses expense. ... Rupert Grant, more commonly known as Lord Invader, was a prominent calypsonian with a very distinctive, gravelly voice. ... Roaring Lion (born Rafael de Leon, Aroquita, Trinidad, British Trinidad and Tobago, February 22, 1908; d. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

These early popular performers led the way for calypso's mainstreaming with artists like Lord Kitchener, Harry Belafonte and Mighty Sparrow. Belafonte, a Jamaican-American singing in American English, was by far the most popular internationally during this wave (his Calypso album, Belafonte was the first artist to sell a million copies), but his music was also extensively criticized for watering down the sound of calypso. For the First World War leader, see Horatio Kitchener Lord Kitchener (April 18, 1922 - February 11, 2000) was one of the most internationally famous calypsonians. ... Belafonte (center) on the 1963 Civil Rights March on Washington, D.C with Sidney Poitier and Charlton Heston Harold George Belafonte, Jr. ... Mighty Sparrow (real name Slinger Francisco) is a Calypso singer, songwriter, and guitarist. ... English language spread in the United States. ... Calypso was the title of an album by Harry Belafonte, released in 1956. ...

1947 saw Lord Kitchener and Killer forming the renegade calypso tent Young Brigade. The term Young Brigade soon came to refer to a specific group of calypsonians that used fictional narratives and humor with new, more dance-able rhythms. Kitchener was by far the most popular of the Young Brigade calypsonians, and he helped popularize calypso in the United Kingdom and elsewhere. Mighty Sparrow's first hit was Jean and Dinah, celebrating the departure of American military forces from Trinidad; the song launched a new generation of politically active calypso music, which soon became associated with the People's National Movement. Roaring Lion was also a major part of this vanguard in calypso music, and he became known for a traditionalist style that he maintained throughout his career. 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1947 calendar). ... Calypso tents are venues in which calypsonians perform during the Carnival season. ... Mighty Sparrow (real name Slinger Francisco) is a Calypso singer, songwriter, and guitarist. ... Jean and Dinah is a Calypso song from Trinidad and Tobago in the Caribbean sung by calypso artist Mighty Sparrow and became an international hit in 1956. ... The Peoples National Movement is the ruling conservative political party in Trinidad and Tobago. ... Roaring Lion (born Rafael DeLeon, Aroquita, Trinidad, British Trinidad and Tobago, February 22, 1908; d. ...

During the 1970s, calypso's popularity waned throughout the world, including the Caribbean. Derivatives include an uptempo version mixed with musical styles from the large Indian minority in Trinidad and Tobago and American soul, called soca, and a hip hop and dub-influenced style called rapso both became popular in Trinidad and other islands. Soca was by the most influential in terms of international sales, since rapso's crossover appeal to mainstream tastes has been extremely limited. Old-time calypsonians and purists, however, preferred rapso's continuation of the lyrical ambidexterity that helped make calypso the world-famous, innovative art form it has become; many criticized soca's perceived watering-down of calypso, including veteran calypsonians like Chalkdust, who asked "Are we to put water in the brandy, singing just two or three words [that mainstream audiences] can understand and dance to?" Indo-Trinidadians began popularising chutney music during the same time period. In the mid-1970s, artists like Sundar Popo made the music mainstream. The 1970s decade refers to the years from 1970 to 1979, inclusive. ... For other uses, see Soul music (disambiguation). ... Soca is a dance music which is a mix of Trinidads calypso and Indian music and rhythms, especially chutney music -- it is not, as is often said, a fusion of soul and calypso. ... Hip hop music (also referred to as rap or rap music) is a style of popular music which came into existence roughly the mid 70s but became a large part of modern day pop culture in the late 80s. ... Dub is a form of Jamaican music, which evolved out of ska and reggae in 1970s Jamaica. ... Rapso is a formas of Trinidadian music that grew out of the social unrest of the 1970s. ... Hollis Urban Lester Liverpool, better known as Chalkdust (born 1941) is a leading calypsonian from Trinidad and Tobago. ... Indo-Trinidadians are people of South Asian descent who are citizens or nationals of Trinidad and Tobago. ... Chutney music is a form of music indigenous to the southern Caribbean (Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana and Suriname) which derives elements from soca and Hindi film songs. ... Sundar Popo Bahora (November 4, 1943-May 2, 2000) was one of the many great muscial innovators of Trinidad and Tobago. ...

Soca

Main article: Soca music

Soca is said to have been invented in 1963 (see 1963 in music) by Lord Shorty's "Clock and Dagger". Shorty added Indian instruments, including the dholak, tabla and dhantal and soon rivaled reggae as the most popular form of Caribbean music. Soca reached its modern form by the early 1970s under the influence of American soul, disco and funk music, which reached Trinidadian artists when they began recording in New York City; by this time, most of the Indian-derived elements had been removed from the genre. Shorty's 1974 Endless Vibrations and Soul of Calypso brought soca to its peak of international fame. Less lyrically revolutionary than traditional calypso, soca has remained mostly focused on good times throughout its history, though artists like Gypsy (whose 1986 "The Sinking Ship" helped remove the People's National Movement from the Trinidadian government) continued calypso's socially-aware traditions. Soca's popularity grew through the 70s and early 1980s, finally becoming an international chart-topper after "Hot! Hot! Hot!", a 1983 release by Arrow, who hailed from Montserrat and not Trinidad. Arrow soon proved himself to be one of the most innovative soca artists of the 80s, incorporating zouk and other influences into a series of best-selling singles. Other artists of the 80s put new islands on the soca map, especially Shadow and Tobago, as well as Anguilla (Swallow) and Barbados (Square One), and added influences from African spirituals (Superblue), gospel (Lord Shorty, under his new name Ras Shorty I), reggae (Byron Lee), Indian music (Mungal Patasar) and funk (Lord Nelson). The most important fusion was ragga-soca, which combined Jamaican ragga with soca. Bunji Garlin, KMC, Magadan and Machel Montano & Xtatic were the most popular of the ragga-soca bands of the 1990s. Soca is a dance music which is a mix of Trinidads calypso and Indian music and rhythms, especially chutney music -- it is not, as is often said, a fusion of soul and calypso. ... 1963 (MCMLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (the link is to a full 1963 calendar). ... See also: 1962 in music, other events of 1963, 1964 in music, 1960s in music and the list of years in music // Events January 1 - The Beatles start a 5 day tour in Scotland to support the release of their new single, Love Me Do. January 4 - At Cortina d... Ras Shorty I (October 6, 1941-July 12, 2000) is a soca musician, known as the Father of Soca and The Love Man. ... The Dholak (sometimes dholaki) is a classical North Indian hand drum. ... A typical set of Tabla. ... The dhantal is a long steel rod which was adapted from the prong used to connect the yokes of the bullocks that transported the cane-filled carts on the estates in Trinidad and Tobago. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Disco is a genre of music that originated in discothèques. ... Funk is a distinct style of music originated by African Americans, e. ... Nickname: Big Apple Location in the state of New York Coordinates: Country United States State New York Boroughs Bronx (The Bronx) New York (Manhattan) Queens (Queens) Kings (Brooklyn) Richmond (Staten Island) Mayor Michael Bloomberg (R) Area    - City 1,214. ... 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... Winston Peters, also known by his sobriquet Gypsy is a Trinidad and Tobago calypsonian and politician. ... 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Peoples National Movement is the ruling conservative political party in Trinidad and Tobago. ... The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ... 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Alphonsus Arrow Cassell is a calypso musician from Montserrat. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Castara village beach looking south, Tobago Tobago is the smaller of the two main islands that make up the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. ... A spiritual is an African American song, usually with a Christian religious text. ... Austin Lyons (1956), better known as Superblue, Super Blue, and Blueboy, is a Trinidad and Tobago calypsonian, soca musician and lyricist. ... Gospel music may refer either to the religious music that first came out of African-American churches in the 1930s or, more loosely, to both black gospel music and to the religious music composed and sung by white southern Christian artists. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Timeline and Samples Genres Classical (Carnatic and Hindustani) - Rock - Pop - Hip hop Awards Bollywood Music Awards - Punjabi Music Awards Charts Festivals Sangeet Natak Akademi – Thyagaraja Aradhana – Cleveland Thyagaraja Aradhana Media Sruti, The Music Magazine National anthem Jana Gana Mana, also national song Vande Mataram Music of the states Andaman and... Lord Nelson Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson (September 29, 1758 – October 21, 1805) was a British admiral who won fame as a leading naval commander. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Dancehall. ... Kmc and KMC is may refer to: Kia Motors Company Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Kyoto university Microcomputer Club Khyber Medical College Kaiserslautern Military Community This page concerning a three-letter acronym or abbreviation is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might... Magadan vicinity from the US Defense Mapping Agency (1978) Orthographic projection centred over Magadan Magadan, Russia city flag. ... See also 1990s, the band The 1990s decade refers to the years from 1990 to 1999, inclusive, sometimes informally including popular culture from the very late 1980s and from 2000 and beyond. ...

Rapso

Main article: Rapso

Rapso has become the most influential of these two main descendants of calypso; it arose as Black Power and Pan-Africanist thought spread in Trinidad. Lancelot Layne is said to have invented the genre with his 1971 hit "Blow Away", while Cheryl Byron brought rapso to calypso tents in 1976. The term rapso first appeared in 1980 on Busting Out, an album by Brother Resistance and his Network Riddum Band. Rapso has currently become one of the most prevalent expressions of music on Trinidad itself, but is largely absorbed into calypso during Carnival celebrations and contests. The 1990s saw a more politically- and spiritually-conscious form of rapso, which has been infused with soul and reggae music, as well as native J'ouvert, an early introduction to Carnival which consists of percussionists using makeshift materials to hammer out a beat. Rapso is a formas of Trinidadian music that grew out of the social unrest of the 1970s. ... The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ... Pan-Africanism literally means all Africanism. It is a sociopolitical world-view, as well as a movement, which seeks to unify and uplift blacks on the African continent and in the African diaspora as part of a global African community. As originally conceived by Trinidadian Henry Sylvester Williams, pan-Africanism... Lancelot Layne was a rapso artist from Trinidad and Tobago. ... 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1971 calendar). ... It is proposed that this article be deleted, because of the following concern: fails WP:BIO If you can address this concern by improving, copyediting, sourcing, renaming or merging the page, please edit this page and do so. ... 1976 (MCMLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday. ... 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday. ... Jouvert - a contraction of the French jour ouvert, or day open (morning) - is a large street party during carnival in the eastern Caribbean region. ...

Extempo

Main article: extempo

Extempo, or extempo calypso, or calypso war, is a lyrically improvised form of calypso. An annual competition takes place at the Trinidad Carnival for the title of Extempo Monarch. Extempo (also extempo calypso) is a lyrically improvised form of calypso and is most notably practised in Trinidad and Tobago. ... Carnival in Trinidad and Tobago is the event of the year. ... Extempo Monarch is the title awarded to the winner of an annual extempo competition held at the Trinidad Carnival. ...

Brass bands

Since 1986 saw the rise of David Rudder, brass bands have begun to dominate the Carnival competitions. Brass bands had long been a part of Trinidad's cultural heritage, but Rudder popularized the genre and helped inspire the founding of the Caribbean Brass Festival in 1991. 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... David Rudder is a Soca/Calypso singer. ... Image of a trumpet. ... 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Chutney music

Main article: Chutney music

At the same time, chutney became a massive force in Trinidadian music, arising from the island's Indian population. It has now become mainstream across the islands and elsewhere in the Caribbean, and has spawned its own subgenres, including ragga chutney, chutney-hip hop, soca-bhangra, bhangra-wine and chutney-bhangra. Chutney music is a form of music indigenous to the southern Caribbean (Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana and Suriname) which derives elements from soca and Hindi film songs. ... Chutney music is a form of music indigenous to the southern Caribbean (Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana and Suriname) which derives elements from soca and Hindi film songs. ... Bhangragga is a slang term for the style of music incorporating elements of Bhangra and dancehall reggae (or Raggamuffin, from the Jamaican Patois for scoundrel). The sound is very Indian) vocals delivered in the clipped style associated with Dancehall - and sometimes including the Patois of the latter style. ...

Steelband and Parang

Steelband and pan music have achieved great popularity in Trinidad. Latin American-derived seasonal Christmas music called parang traditionally involves serenaders moving throughout homes or districts playing staple instruments, such as the cuatro (a four-stringed guitar), the maracas (indigenously known as chac-chacs), and the guitar. Chutney-soca and chut-kai-pang (chutney, parang and calypso, mixed with Venezuelan-derived rhythms) have also achieved some popularity. Steelpan (also known as Pan or Steel drum, and sometimes collectively with the musicians as a Steelband) is a musical instrument and a form of music originating in Trinidad West Indies. ... Steelpan (also known as Pan or Steel drum, and sometimes collectively with the musicians as a Steelband) is a musical instrument and a form of music originating in Trinidad West Indies. ... Latin American music, sometimes simply called Latin music, includes the music of many countries and comes in many varieties, from the simple, rural conjunto music of northern Mexico to the sophisticated habanera of Cuba, from the symphonies of Heitor Villa-Lobos to the simple and moving Andean flute. ... Christmas is a Christian holiday held on December 25 which celebrates the birth of Jesus. ... Parang is a musical style which fuses together Venezuelan and Calypso influences to create up beat tempos with a Spanish style and is popular in Trinidad & Tobago and various areas of Venezuela. ... Maracas (sometimes called rhumba shakers) are simple percussion instruments (idiophones), usually played in pairs, consisting of a dried gourd shell (cuia - kOO-ya) or coconut shell filled with seeds or dried beans. ... In Trinidad and Tobago, Chutney-soca music is a crossover style of music incorporating soca elements and Hindi-English lyrics with Indian instruments like the dholak and dhantal. ... Chut-Kai-pang is a cross between Trinidad’s traditional Christmas music, parang, sung in Spanish with Venezuelan rhythms, has merged with the calypso and chutney styles to create a form known as Chut-kai-pang. ...

Rock music

Trinidad and Tobago has an underground rock and heavy metal scene with many small shows being held throughout the year. The largest of such shows is the annual Pop Music Awards held at the Tsunami nightclub in Chaguaramas and the Samaan Tree Rock Festival [1] in Aranguez. Rock is a form of popular music, usually featuring vocals (often with vocal harmony), electric guitars, and a strong back beat; other instruments, such as the saxophone, are common in some styles, however saxophones have been omitted from newer subgenres of rock music since the 90s. ... Heavy metal is a genre of rock music that emerged as a defined musical style in the 1970s, having its roots in hard rock bands which, between 1967 and 1974, mixed blues and rock to create a hybrid with a thick, heavy, guitar-and-drums-centered sound, characterised by the... Chaguaramas lies in the North West Peninsula of Trinidad west of Port-of-Spain; the name if often applied to the entire peninsula, but is sometimes used to refer to the most developed area. ...

The band that has had the most international success thus far is probably The Orange Sky, led by Nigel Rojas. jointpop, led by Gary Hector, has a strong local following and has won significant acclaim from Trinidadian critics. Other active bands include Tripped and Falling, Tremor, Kryl'ja, Skid' Nevely, Rahil Babooram, Flying Crapaud, Anti-Everything, Incert Coin, Vox Deus, Modulus Eigenvalue, Spectral Vibes, Enlibra, Blood Red Clover and Inebriate. jointpop is a rock and roll band from Trinidad and Tobago. ... Крылья (Krylja) (Wings) is the fourth full-length album by the Russian Power Metal band Catharsis. ... Enlibra is a new term (from the Latin word for balance) created by the Western Governors Association to describe their approach to environmental stewardship. ...

References

• De Ledesma, Charles and Georgia Popplewell. "Put Water in the Brandy?"". 2000. In Broughton, Simon and Ellingham, Mark with McConnachie, James and Duane, Orla (Ed.), World Music, Vol. 2: Latin & North America, Caribbean, India, Asia and Pacific, pp 507-526. Rough Guides Ltd, Penguin Books. ISBN 1-85828-636-0
• Manuel, Peter, with Kenneth Bilby and Michael Largey. Caribbean Currents: Caribbean Music from Rumba to Reggae (2nd edition). Temple University Press, 2006. ISBN 1-59213-463-7.
• Manuel, Peter. East Indian Music in the West Indies: Tan-singing, Chutney, and the Making of Indo-Caribbean Culture. Temple University Press, 2000. ISBN 1-56639-763-4.
• Ramnarine, Tina K. "The Caribbean's Hot Hindi Sound". 2000. In Broughton, Simon and Ellingham, Mark with McConnachie, James and Duane, Orla (Ed.), World Music, Vol. 2: Latin & North America, Caribbean, India, Asia and Pacific, pp 527-530. Rough Guides Ltd, Penguin Books. ISBN 1-85828-636-0