The music of the Lesser Antilles encompasses the music of this chain of small islands making up the eastern and southern portion of the West Indies. Lesser Antillean music is part of the broader category of Caribbean music; much of the folk and popular music is also a part of the Afro-American musical complex, being a mixture of African, European and indigenous American elements. The Lesser Antilles' musical cultures are largely based on the music of African slaves brought by European traders and colonizers. The African musical elements are a hybrid of instruments and styles from numerous West African tribes, while the European slaveholders added their own musics into the mix, as did immigrants from India. In many ways, the Lesser Antilles can be musically divided based on which nation colonized them. For other uses, see Music (disambiguation). ... The Caribbean or the West Indies is a group of islands in the Caribbean Sea. ... Location of the Lesser Antilles (green) in relation to the rest of the Caribbean Islands of the Lesser Antilles The Lesser Antilles, also known as the Caribbees,[1] are part of the Antilles, which together with the Bahamas and Greater Antilles form the West Indies. ... The music of the Caribbean is a diverse grouping of musical genres. ... Folk music can have a number of different meanings, including: Traditional music: The original meaning of the term folk music was synonymous with the term Traditional music, also often including World Music and Roots music; the term Traditional music was given its more specific meaning to distinguish it from the... Popular music is music belonging to any of a number of musical styles that are accessible to the general public and are disseminated by one or more of the mass media. ... Afro-American music is a broad array of musical genres that arose from the synthesis of African, European and Native American music. ... The Atlantic slave trade was the trade of African slaves by Europeans that occurred in and around the Atlantic Ocean. ... Hand drumming is significant throughtout Africa The music of Africa is as vast and varied as the continents many regions, nations and ethnic groups. ...  Western Africa (UN subregion)  Maghreb[1] West Africa or Western Africa is the westernmost region of the African continent. ...

The ex-British colonies include Trinidad and Tobago, whose calypso style is an especially potent part of the music of the other former British colonies, which also share traditions like the Big Drum dance. The French islands of Martinique and Guadeloupe share the popular zouk style and have also had extensive musical contact with the music of Haiti, itself once a French colony though not part of the Lesser Antilles. The Dutch colonies of Curaçao, Bonaire and Aruba share the combined rhythm popular style. The islands also share a passion for kaseko, a genre of Surinamese music; Suriname and its neighbors Guyana and French Guiana share folk and popular styles that are connected enough to the Antilles and other Caribbean islands that both countries are studied in the broader context of Antillean or Caribbean music. British colonization of the Americas (including colonization under the Kingdom of England before the 1707 Acts of Union created the Kingdom of Great Britain) began in the late 16th century, before reaching its peak after colonies were established throughout the Americas, and a protectorate was established in Hawaii. ... Calypso is a style of Afro-Caribbean music which originated in Trinidad at about the start of the 20th century. ... Big Drum is a genre and a musical instrument from the Windward Islands. ... For the French colonial postage stamps, see French Colonies. ... Zouk is a style of rhythmic music originating from Guadeloupe and Martinique. ... The music of Haiti is influenced most greatly by European colonial ties and African migration (through slavery). ... During the 17th century, Dutch traders established trade posts and plantations throughout the Americas; actual colonization, with Dutch settling in the new lands was not as common as with settlements of other European nations. ... For other uses, see Curaçao (disambiguation). ... Anthem: Tera di Solo y suave biento Capital (and largest city) Kralendijk Official languages Dutch Government See Politics of the Netherlands Antilles  - Bonaire Administrator  - Governor of N.A. Frits Goedgedrag Constitutional monarchy part of the Netherlands Antilles  Area  - Total 288 km² 111 sq mi  Population  - 2001 census 10,791  - Density... Combined rhythm is a style of popular Dutch Antillean music, influenced by zouk, merengue and soca. ... Kaseko is a musical genre from Suriname, a fusion of African, European and American styles. ... Suriname is a South American country, a former colony of the Netherlands with strong ties to that country. ...

Characteristics

While Lesser Antillean music is very often discussed as a music area, this division is of limited usefulness. The islands of the Lesser Antilles divide musically along linguistic lines, with the most significant overlap coming from Dominica and Saint Lucia, both primarily Anglophone but strongly influenced by a French colonial past. Because the islands are divided linguistically, the term Antillean music is usually used in reference to one such music area. Thus, for example, the Rough Guide to World Music features a chapter on "Antillean music", which is entirely about the French Antillean islands of Martinique and Guadeloupe, with a brief sidebar specifically about the Dutch Antilles. A cultural area is a region (area) with one relatively homogenous human activity or complex of activities (culture). ... Caribbean English is a broad term for the dialects of the English language spoken in the Caribbean, most countries on the Caribbean coast of Central America, and Guyana. ...

In the context of Anglophone music, the term Antillean music most commonly refers to Trinidad and Tobago, home to the well-known calypso style. Music author Peter Manuel, for example, treats all the Anglophone islands as a subject of Trinidadian calypso traditions, while using the title Music of the Lesser Antilles for Francophone Antillean music. Manuel also, like many authors, treats Suriname and Guyana as integral aspects of Caribbean music; due to the Dutch colonial history of both countries, they are often grouped with Aruba and the Netherlands Antilles.^[1][2]

Nevertheless, Antillean music can be characterized by the prominence of the Carnival celebration (prominently from Trinidad and Tobago), and the importance of calypso-like song traditions. The Lesser Antilles is also home to a strong Indo-Caribbean population; though Indo-Caribbean music is found elsewhere in the Caribbean, the prominence of Indian-influenced styles is a hallmark of the Antillean music scenes. Regional forms can also be found outside of the Caribbean entirely, most notably in New York City, where Brooklyn's Labor Day Carnival features music and parades, mas and steel bands; this Carnival is distinct to New York, and reflects elements of a pan-Caribbean nature.^[3] Caribbean Carnival is an event that takes place in many of the Caribbean islands annually. ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... This article is about the borough of New York City. ... A parade-goer waves a Bajan flag The Labor Day Carnival, or West Indian Carnival, is an annual celebration held in Crown Heights, Brooklyn. ... Steelpan (also known as steeldrums or pans, and sometimes collectively with the musicians as a steelband) is a musical instrument and a form of music originating in Trinidad and Tobago. ...

Calypso and calypso-like traditions

Further information: list of calypso-like genres

Calypso is most closely associated with the island of Trinidad, but it has spread throughout the Lesser Antilles, and abroad. Similar traditions can be found natively on many of Caribbean islands. Within the Antilles, most of the popular calypso stars have come from Trinidad and Tobago; the majority of the exceptions, such as Arrow from Montserrat, have come from other Anglophone islands. Music author Peter Manuel has argued that, despite the modern Anglophone focus to calypso-like song forms, their origins lie in the "Afro-French creole culture", and notes that the ancestor of the word calypso, cariso, was first used to refer to a Martinican singer.^[4] Harry Belafonte, a Jamaican-American pop-calypso singer The Caribbean music area is home to a number of music genres that share certain characteristics that are often compared to the calypso music of Trinidad, and can be considered calypso-like. ... Calypso is a style of Afro-Caribbean music which originated in Trinidad at about the start of the 20th century. ... Look up Trinidad in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Alphonsus Celestine Edmund Cassell MBE (born November 16, 1954) is a soca musician who performs under the stage name Arrow. ...

The calypso song complex is characterized by satirical, political, risque and humorous lyricism, a competitive and celebratory nature and its function in social organization and informal communication. Jamaican mento is perhaps the most well-known form of calypso-like music. The island of Carriacou is home to a calypso-like song style, as well as canboulay feasts, calinda songs and steel bands, all similar to though distinct from the related Trinidadian traditions. Modern influences from Trinidad have organized the Carriacou song style, and there are competitions similar to calypso tents on the island.^[5] The Antiguan benna is part of the same song complex, featuring news-oriented and ribald, often satirical lyrics and a rhythmic, uptempo style.^[6] 1867 edition of Punch, a ground-breaking British magazine of popular humour, including a good deal of satire of the contemporary social and political scene. ... Mento is a style of Jamaican folk music that predates and has greatly influenced ska and reggae music. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Canboulay is a Caribbean Carnival celebration held on Trinidad. ... It has been suggested that kalinda be merged into this article or section. ... Calypso tents are venues in which calypsonians perform during the Carnival season. ... Benna is a lake in the municipality of Melhus in Sør-Trøndelag county, Norway. ...

Carnival

For more details on this topic, see Caribbean Carnival.

A Carnival troupe in the Virgin Islands

Annual Carnival celebrations are an important part of the culture of all the Lesser Antillean islands. Carnival is celebrated at varying times of year, either pre-Lent, Christmastime or in July and August, and feature a wide variety of dances, songs and parades. Contests are common, especially Calypso King and Queen contests, which are held on most of the British Antillean islands, the U.S. Virgin Islands as well as French Saint Martin and elsewhere. The British Antillean Carnivals are also mostly united by the J'ouvert tradition, which involves calypso and soca band parades and are the highlight of their celebrations. Caribbean Carnival is an event that takes place in many of the Caribbean islands annually. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1024x768, 768 KB) Carnival troupe in the Virgin Islands, in St. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1024x768, 768 KB) Carnival troupe in the Virgin Islands, in St. ... Caribbean Carnival is an event that takes place in many of the Caribbean islands annually. ... It has been suggested that Cuaresma be merged into this article or section. ... For other uses, see Christmas (disambiguation). ... St. ... Jouvert - a contraction of the French jour ouvert, or day open (morning) - is a large street party during carnival in the eastern Caribbean region. ... Soca, or soul calypso, is a dance music that originated in Trinidad from calypso. ...

Summer Carnivals include those on Antigua, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sint Eustatius, Saint John, Saint Lucia, Grenada, Saba, Nevis and Anguilla, the latter two of which are especially known for popular calypso competitions. Christmastime Carnivals are held on Montserrat, Saint Croix, Saint Martin and Saint Kitts; Montserrat's distinctive Carnival includes masquerades and steelbands, and both islands also feature calypso competitions. The Carnival of Sint Maarten, which takes place a month after Easter, is known for the burning of King Moui-Moui as the culmination of the festival. Many islands, especially the French and Dutch Antilles, are home to pre-Lenten Carnivals, including Martinique, Aruba, Saint-Barthélemy, Bonaire, Curaçao, Dominica, Saint Thomas and Guadeloupe.^[7] Map showing location of Sint Eustatius relative to Saba and Sint Maarten/Saint Martin. ... Oppenheimer Beach, in St John, U.S. Virgin Islands. ... Motto Remis Velisque (Latin) With oars and sails (English) Anthem Saba you rise from the ocean Capital The Bottom Largest city The Bottom Official languages Dutch, Papiamento and English (unofficial) Government See Politics of the Netherlands Antilles  -  Saba Administrator A.J.M. Solagnier  -  Governor of N.A. Frits Goedgedrag Constitutional... For other uses, see Nevis (disambiguation). ... Saint Croix from space, January 1992 Saint Croix (English pronunciation: saint croy) is an island in the Caribbean Sea, and a county and constituent district of the United States Virgin Islands (USVI), an unincorporated territory of the United States. ... Country Saint Kitts and Nevis Archipelago Leeward Islands Region Caribbean Area 65 sq. ... Look up Masquerade in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... This article is about the Christian festival. ... Anthem For Sweden - The Land of The Incredible Biffs Capital (and largest city) Gustavia Official languages Swedish Government  -  Prime Minister of Sweden Nick XII Bonaparte  -  Prefect Per af Biffsläkt  -  President of the Territorial Council none yet; however Henning is the mayor of Saint-Barthelemy Overseas Collectivity of Sweden   -  Swedish... Map of U.S. Virgin Islands Saint Thomas is an island in the Caribbean Sea, a county and constituent district of the United States Virgin Islands (USVI), an unincorporated territory of the United States. ...

British Antilles

Further information: Music of Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Grenada, Montserrat, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, Virgin Islands

There are many popular traditions common to the English-speaking islands of the Lesser Antilles. Calypso, originally from the island of Trinidad, has spread to the neighboring islands; other Trinidadian popular traditions, like soca, are also well-known throughout the region. Steel drum ensembles is also found throughout the English-speaking Lesser Antilles (and abroad), especially in Trinidad and Tobago as well as Antigua and Barbuda. The British Antilles also share in certain folk traditions. Trinidadian folk calypso is found throughout the area, as are African-Caribbean religious music styles like the Shango music of Trinidad.^[8] Variants of the Big Drum festival occur throughout the Windward Islands, especially in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. Carnival is an important folk music celebration on all the islands of the Lesser Antilles, and the rest of the Caribbean. Anguilla is best known as part of a wave of Caribbean islands that began producing calypso and related Trinidadian genres, in many cases becoming more popular than artists from the genres homeland. ... Image File history File links NoMoneyNoLove. ... Mighty Sparrow (real name Slinger Francisco) is a Calypso singer, songwriter, and guitarist. ... Image File history File links LordKitchenerTwentytoOne. ... Lord Kitchener (April 18, 1922 - February 11, 2000) was one of the most internationally famous calypsonians. ... Image File history File links Arrow_-_Hot_Hot_Hot. ... Hot Hot Hot may refer to: Hot Hot Hot (Arrow), a 1982 soca song by Arrow Hot Hot Hot!!! (The Cure), a 1987 song by The Cure Hot Hot Hot (meme) the informal title of a video propagated on the internet in 2005 Category: ... Soca, or soul calypso, is a dance music that originated in Trinidad from calypso. ... Calypso is a style of Afro-Caribbean music which originated in Trinidad at about the start of the 20th century. ... Look up Trinidad in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Soca, or soul calypso, is a dance music that originated in Trinidad from calypso. ... Steelpan (also known as steeldrums or pans, and sometimes collectively with the musicians as a steelband) is a musical instrument and a form of music originating in Trinidad and Tobago. ... In Yorùbá mythology, Shango (Xango, Shango), or Changó in Latin America, is perhaps the most popular Orisha; he is a Sky Father, god of thunder and lightning. ... Big Drum is a genre and a musical instrument from the Windward Islands. ... The Windward Islands are the southern islands of the Lesser Antilles. ...

Calypso is part of a spectrum of similar folk and popular Caribbean styles that spans benna and mento, but remains the most prominent genre of Lesser Antillean music. Calypso's roots are somewhat unclear, but we know it can be traced to 18th-century Trinidad. Modern calypso, however, began in the 19th century, a fusion of disparate elements ranging from the masquerade song lavway, French Creole belair and the stick fighting chantwell. Calypso's early rise was closely connected with the adoption of Carnival by Trinidadian slaves, including camboulay drumming and the music masquerade processions. Popular calypso arose in the early 20th century, with the rise of internationally known calypsonians like Attila the Hun^[9] and Roaring Lion.^[8] Trinidadian calypso remained popular throughout the Caribbean in the later 20th century, and other Antillean islands like Antigua began producing calypso stars. In the 1970s, a calypso variant called soca arose, characterized by a focus on dance rhythms rather than lyricism. Soca has since spread across the Caribbean and abroad.^[8] Benna is a lake in the municipality of Melhus in Sør-Trøndelag county, Norway. ... Mento is a style of Jamaican folk music that predates and has greatly influenced ska and reggae music. ... Look up Trinidad in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Look up Masquerade in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The Caribbean state of Trinidad and Tobago is best known as the homeland of calypso music, including 1950s stars Lord Kitchener and Mighty Sparrow. ... Stick fighting is a generic term for martial arts which utilize simple long slender, blunt, hand-held, generally wooden sticks for fighting such as a staff, cane, walking stick, baton or similar. ... Cariso is a kind of Trinidadian folk music, and an important ancestor of calypso music. ... Trinidad (Spanish, Trinity) most commonly refers to the larger island of the nation Trinidad and Tobago, the subject of this article. ... Canboulay is a part of Trinidad and Tobago Carnival celebration. ... A Calypsonian is a musician, usually from Trinidad, who has studied calypso and memorised its traditional tunes and stanzas. ... This article is about the singer from Trinidad. ... Roaring Lion (born Rafael DeLeon, Aroquita, Trinidad, British Trinidad and Tobago, February 22, 1908; d. ... Trinidad (Spanish, Trinity) most commonly refers to the larger island of the nation Trinidad and Tobago, the subject of this article. ... Soca, or soul calypso, is a dance music that originated in Trinidad from calypso. ...

The Mongoose Play, a popular Kittitian production of folk theatre and music

Steel drums are a distinctively Trinidadian ensemble that evolved from improvised percussion instruments used in Carnival processions. By the late 1930s, bamboo tubes, a traditional instrumental, were supplemented by pieces of metal used percussively; over time, these metal percussion instruments were pitched to produce as many as twenty-some tones. Steel bands were large orchestras of these drums, and were banned by the British colonial authorities. Nevertheless, steel drums spread across the Caribbean, and are now an entrenched part of the culture of Trinidad and Tobago.^[8] Image File history File links MongoosePlay. ... Image File history File links MongoosePlay. ... Trinidad (Spanish, Trinity) most commonly refers to the larger island of the nation Trinidad and Tobago, the subject of this article. ... For other uses, see Bamboo (disambiguation). ...

Though Trinidadian popular music is by far the most well-known style of Lesser Antillean music, the other Anglophone islands are home to their own musical traditions. Carriacou and Grenada are home to Carnival celebrations that feature distinct form of calypso, canboulay feasts, calinda stick-fighting songs and the steelband accompanied jouvert, as well as the Big Drum dance, which is also found in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.^[8] Grenada and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines share other musics as well including the funereal music of the saraca rite, a call-and-response form with both European and African lyrics.^[10] Trinidad (Spanish, Trinity) most commonly refers to the larger island of the nation Trinidad and Tobago, the subject of this article. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Canboulay is a Caribbean Carnival celebration held on Trinidad. ... It has been suggested that kalinda be merged into this article or section. ... Jouvert - a contraction of the French jour ouvert, or day open - is a large wild frenzy of a street party during Trinidad carnival. ... This page meets Wikipedias criteria for speedy deletion. ... Call and response is a form of spontaneous verbal and non-verbal interaction between speaker and listener in which all of the statements (calls) are punctuated by expressions (responses) from the listener, as stated by Smitherman. ...

French Antilles

Further information: Music of Martinique, Guadeloupe, Dominica, Saint Lucia

French Antillean Carnival in Paris

French Creole music is most famously associated with Martinique and Guadeloupe, though the islands of Saint Lucia and Dominica are also home to French Antillean music. Creole music is characterized by the prominence of the quadrille dance, distinct from the French version and related to the Haitian mereng. The quadrille is a potent symbol of French Antillean culture.^[11] Martinique and Guadeloupe are also home to their own distinct folk traditions, most influentially including Guadeloupan gwo ka and Martinican tambour and twi ba. Gwo ka is a type of percussion music which consists of seven basic rhythms and variations on them. It has been modernized into gwo ka moderne, though traditional rural performances (lewoz) are still common.^[12] Tambour and twi ba ensembles are the origin of several important Martinican popular styles, including chouval bwa and biguine, and also exterted an influence on zouk. Lucian folk music features ensembles of fiddle, cuatro, banjo, guitar and chak-chak (a rattle), with the banjo and cuatro being of iconic importance, and recreational, often lyric song forms called jwé.^[13] The French Creole folk music of Dominica are based around the quadrille, accompanied by ensembles called jing ping. Folk storytelling (kont) and songs (bélé) are also a major part of the country's musical identity.^[14] The former French colonies of Martinique and Guadeloupe are small islands in the Caribbean. ... Image File history File links Zouk_la_Sasesl_Medikaman. ... Image File history File links LordKossityandChicoHeySexyW.ogg‎ This is a sample from a copyrighted musical recording. ... Lord Kossity is a ragga-zouk musician from the French Antilles. ... // Chico may refer to: Diego Chico Corrales, lightweight boxing champion Chico Marx, an actor and one of the Marx Brothers Chico Buarque, Brazilian singer and writer Chico DeBarge, an R&B singer Chico Mendes, Brazilian environmental activist Francisco Chico Aramburu, a Brazilian footballer Chico Slimani, a singer from the British... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2592x1944, 1837 KB) From Flickr, by alexdecarvalho File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Music of Martinique Music of Guadeloupe Music of the Lesser Antilles Metadata This file... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2592x1944, 1837 KB) From Flickr, by alexdecarvalho File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Music of Martinique Music of Guadeloupe Music of the Lesser Antilles Metadata This file... This article is about the capital of France. ... for the equestrian form of quadrille, see Quadrille (dressage) Quadrille is a historic dance performed by four couples in a square formation, a precursor to traditional square dancing. ... Méringue (also mereng) is a kind of Haïtian music related to twoubadou and the Dominican merengue. ... Gwo ka is both a family of hand drums and the music created with them, which is a major part of Guadeloupan folk music. ... In classical architecture, a tambour (Fr. ... The twi ba is a percussive musical instrument, popular within the Caribbean. ... Gwo ka is both a family of hand drums and the music created with them, which is a major part of Guadeloupan folk music. ... Lewoz are the traditional rural musical performances in Martinique and Guadeloupe, as opposed to the modernized gwo ka moderne. ... Chouval bwa features percussion, bamboo flute, accordion, and wax-paper/comb-type kazoo. ... Biguine is a style of music that originated in Martinique in the 19th century. ... “Fiddler” redirects here. ... The name cuatro can refer to any of several Latin American instruments of the guitar or lute family. ... For other uses, see Banjo (disambiguation) The banjo is a stringed instrument developed by enslaved Africans in the United States, adapted from several African instruments. ... For other uses, see Guitar (disambiguation). ... A view of Chak Chak Inside the shrine. ... A rattle may be: bird-scaring rattle, a Slovene device used to drive birds off vineyards and a folk instrument football rattle, a noisy ratchet device for showing approval, used by sports fans. ... Jwé is a kind of rural music from Saint Lucia, performed informally at wakes, beach parties, full moon gatherings and other informal events, including débòt dances. ... In modern Dominica, calypso, zouk and reggae are popular, along with imported soca and rock and roll, and the indigenous jing ping sound. ... For the 2001 film, see Storytelling (film) Storytelling is the ancient art of conveying events in words, images, and sounds. ...

Music authors Charles De Ledesma and Gene Scaramuzzo trace zouk's development to the Guadeloupan gwo ka and Martinican tambour and twi ba folk traditions. Ethnomusicologist Jocelyn Guilbault, however, describes zouk as a synthesis of Caribbean popular styles, especially cadence-lypso, biguine, kompa direk and kadans rampa.^[15] Zouk arose in the late 1970s and early 1980s, using elements of previous styles of Antillean music, as well as imported genres. In the 1950s, Haitian compas and cadence rampa became the dominant pop sounds of the Lesser Antilles, especially Webert Sicot and Nemours Jean Baptiste. These were followed by the Antillean mini-jazz bands like Les Gentlemen, Les Leopards and Les Vikings de Guadeloupe in the late 1970s, who drew on the Haitian sound of Sicot and Baptiste. Later in the decade and into the 1980s, the French Antilles became home to a style of cadence music called cadence-lypso. Gordon Henderson's Exile One innovated this style by adding calypso horns, and turned the mini-jazz combos into guitar-dominated big bands, paving the way for the success of large groups like Malavoi, among others. Drawing on these influences, the supergroup Kassav' invented zouk and popularized it with hit songs like "Zouk-La-Se Sel Medikaman Nou Ni". Kassav' formed from Paris in 1978. Kassav' soon added elements of rock and other influences and became some of the biggest stars in the Caribbean, France and elsewhere as zouk diversified into multiple subgenres. These include zouk-love, pop ballads by artists like Edith Lefel and Gilles Floro, and zouk funk and ragga-zouk bands like Lord Kossity who fused the genre with other influences.^[12] Cadence-lypso developed in the 1970s, and was the first style of Dominican music to find international acclaim, eventually becoming a part of styles like zouk. ... Kompa (sometimes written Compas Direct, konpa direk, konpa or compa) is a musical genre as well as a dance that originates from Haïti. ... Cadence rampa is a variety of music from the Caribbean country of Haïti. ... COMPAS is a Canadian polling company. ... Cadence rampa is a variety of music from the Carribean country Haiti. ... Webert Sicot (born 1934) is a Haitian composer and band leader. ... Nemours Jean Baptiste (February 2, 1918 - May 18, 1985) was a Haïtian saxophonist, writer, and band leader. ... Originating in Haiti during the 1960s, the mini-jazz movement was influenced by other Caribbean music styles, the British Invasion, and French pop. ... Les Gentlemen were a popular Martinican mini-jazz band of the mid-20th century. ... Gordon F. (Fripp) Henderson, CC , BA , LL.D. , QC (1912 – August 18, 1993) was a pre-eminent Canadian intellectual property lawyer. ... Exile One was an influential Dominican band who helped to pioneer cadence-lypso, a style of music that fused cadence and compas. ... In a symphony orchestra the horn section is the group of musicians who play the horn (sometimes referred to as the French horn). ... Malavoi was a Martinican band consisting of Mano Césaire, Jean-Paul Soïme, Christian de Negri, Denis Dantin and Marcel Rémion. ... Kassav is a Francophone Zouk band which was formed in 1979. ... For other uses, see Rock music (disambiguation). ... Zouk-love is a genre of popular French Antillean music. ... Edith Lefel is a singer born in Cayenne, Guyana in 1963. ... Gilles Floro is a popular French Antillean zouk love singer. ... Lord Kossity is a ragga-zouk musician from the French Antilles. ...

Though zouk is the most well-known form of modern French Antillean music, the island of Martinique has also produced the chouval bwa and biguine styles, which were especially popular in the early 20th century. Chouval bwa is includes multiple distinctive instruments and internationally famous performers like Claude Germany, Dede Saint-Prix, Pakatak and Tumpak, while biguine has achieved international fame since the 1920s and has since been modernized and adapted for pop audiences, making it a major influence on zouk.^[12] Between the 1930s and 1950s, the dance biguine was popular among the islands' dance orchestras. The biguine uses a cinquillo variant related to that found in other Caribbean genres like mereng and kompa direk. In the 1940s and 1950s, these dance bands absorbed influences from Cuban, American and Haitian popular music.^[11] Claude Germany is a French Antillean musician, known as a pioneer of zouk chouv, a sort of electric zouk. ... Dédé Saint Prix is a Martinican singer of traditional chouval bwa music. ... Pakatak is a Martinican tambour group that has performed in the Antilles for a long time. ... Marce et Tumpak is a Martinican pop band that uses elements of both traditional and modern music. ...

Dutch Antilles

Further information: Music of Aruba and the Netherlands Antilles

The islands of Curaçao, Bonaire, Aruba, Sint Eustatius and Saint Martin share musical styles, as well as maintain their own sets of folk and popular dances, ranging from the impromptu Statian road block to calypso, zouk and soca.^[16] African, indigenous and European ancestry predominate, though more recent immigrants have brought musical styles from Lebanon, China and India. In popular music, the islands are known for the Combined Rhythm, like local favorites the Happy Peanuts and Expresando Rimto i Ambiente. Kaseko music from the mainland country Suriname is also popular.^[12] Traditional music of Aruba and the Netherlands Antilles, however, is primarily African, characterized by the use of complex, highly developed polyrhythms, dance styles and drums like the tambú. Other African-derived instruments include metal percussion rods, agan, the rasp wiri, aerophones like the cachu trumpet, becu transverse double-reed wind instrument, and the bow benta.^[17] Aruba and the five main islands of the Netherlands Antilles are part of the Lesser Antilles island chain. ... Image File history File links PaduShi_Maraya. ... Padú del Caribe (Father of the Caribbean, né Juan Chabaya Lampe) is an Aruban musician and songwriter who has been recording and composing for several decades. ... Image File history File links Aruba_ta_Campeon. ... For other uses, see Curaçao (disambiguation). ... Anthem: Tera di Solo y suave biento Capital (and largest city) Kralendijk Official languages Dutch Government See Politics of the Netherlands Antilles  - Bonaire Administrator  - Governor of N.A. Frits Goedgedrag Constitutional monarchy part of the Netherlands Antilles  Area  - Total 288 km² 111 sq mi  Population  - 2001 census 10,791  - Density... Map showing location of Sint Eustatius relative to Saba and Sint Maarten/Saint Martin. ... St. ... Roadblock may refer to: A device to temporarily obstruct traffic The word roadblock is commonly used to refer to any similar obstruction to progress in an activity or task. ... Soca, or soul calypso, is a dance music that originated in Trinidad from calypso. ... Combined rhythm is a style of popular Dutch Antillean music, influenced by zouk, merengue and soca. ... Happy Peanuts is a well known band from the island of Curaçao. ... Kaseko is a musical genre from Suriname, a fusion of African, European and American styles. ... Wood rasp A rasp is a woodworking tool used for shaping wood. ... This page is a candidate for speedy deletion, because: it is patent nonsense. ...

The tambu is an instrument, and a form of music and dance found on Aruba, Bonaire (where it is sometimes known as bari), and Curaçao. The tambu is an especially important symbol of Curaçaoan identity. Instrumentation for the tambu uses the agan, chapi, triangle, wiri and other instruments, many of which are also part of the African-derived muziek di zumbi, or spirit music, of Curaçao.^[18] Curaçao's folk music also includes a rich tradition of work songs with apentatonic lyrics sung in Guene or a Papiamento variant called seshi.^[19] The Simadan harvest festival is found across the islands, and features the cachu trumpet, made from a cowhorn. Bonaire's Simadan festival is also notable for the use of the becu, an aerophone made from the stalk of a sorghum plant, and the kinkon, made from a conch shell and known elsewhere as the carco. Folk song forms range from the harvest seu, simadan and wapa. Other songs were imported beginning in the 19th century, including the South American joropo and pasillo, Spanish Caribbean merengue and other new songs, dances and instruments. This diverse mixture was the origin of the Dutch Antilles' most distinctive and long-standing popular tradition, the tumba.^[18] An old-fashioned triangle, with wand (beater) Angelika Kauffmann: LAllegra, 1779 The triangle is an idiophone type of musical instrument in the percussion family. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Papiamento or Papiamentu is the primary language spoken on the Caribbean islands of Aruba, Bonaire, and Curaçao (the so-called ABC islands). ... Species About 30 species, see text Sorghum is a genus of numerous species of grasses, some of which are raised for grain and many of which are utilised as fodder plants either cultivated or as part of pasture. ... Species Strombus gigas Strombus luhuanus Strombus pugilis A conch (pronounced in the U.S.A. as konk or conch(IPA: ) [1] is a sea-dwelling mollusk. ... Venezuelan Joropo. ... Pasillo (Spanish: Corridor) is a genre of indigenous Latin music. ... Merengue is a type of lively, joyful music and dance that comes from the Dominican Republic. ... Tumba can mean: Tumba - a town in Botkyrka, Sweden Tumba Bruk - printer of the Swedish krona banknotes, located in Tumba Tumba (music) - a native musical form to Curaçao This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...

The smaller islands of Saint Martin, Saba and Sint Eustatius largely share in the same folk instruments, dances and songs as their neighbors; however, these islands remain largely unstudied. Saba is home to a vital percussive music tradition, most closely associated with private parties, using instrumentation similar to Curacau, Bonaire and Aruba. Saint Martin is home to a national dance form called the ponum, which dates to the 19th century and was only displaced by string bands in the mid-20th century. Saint Martin is also home to a calypso-like quimbe song form, that remains a major part of the island's culture.^[18] Quimbe is a topical song form from the island of Saint Martin in the Dutch Antilles. ...

Indo-Antillean

Further information: Indo-Caribbean music

Audio samples of Indo-Antillean music

Babla and Kanchan's "Abu na Jaibe" Indo-Caribbean music is the musical traditions of the Indo-Caribbean people of the Caribbean music area. ... Image File history File links BablaandKanchanAbu_na_Jaibe. ...

A chutney song by Babla and Kanchan

Problems listening to the file? See media help.

Indo-Caribbean people in the Lesser Antillean music area are clustered in Guyana, Suriname, and Trinidad and Tobago. Indo-Caribbean folk traditions include the chowtal songs from the springtime festival phagwa, and Hindi bhajans which are still sung at temples despite there being few people who understand Hindi. Guyanese and Trinidadian Indo-Caribbeans developed a tradition that fused elements of calypso with the folk music of North India, a style that was referred to as local music.^[20] Indo-Caribbean people or Indo Caribbeans are people of South Asian origin who lives in the Caribbean, or the descendant of such people. ... Hindi (हिन्दी) is a language spoken mainly in North and Central India. ... A bhajan or kirtan is a Hindu devotional song, often of ancient origin. ...

Indo-Caribbean music plays a vital role in various annual festivals like the springtime phagwa, where chowtal is traditionally performed competitively and in teams. Indo-Caribbean Shia Muslims celebrate Hosay (Muharram) with floats accompanied by barrel drums called tassa. Wedding music is another important part of Indo-Caribbean music, and is dominated by tan singing. Tan singing is based around the dholak drum and dhantal, and sometimes includes verbal duels influenced by picong.^[20] Indo-Caribbean popular music gained international attention in the late 1980s, with the rise of chutney music. Chutney is a dance music, in its modern form accompanied by soca instrumentation, such as synthesizers and pressure drums. This style is called chutney-soca.^[20] Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Muharram (Arabic: محرم ) is the first month of the Islamic calendar. ... There are several meanings of float: an air-filled vessel that floats on water, such as some types of lifeboats buoyancy float (project management) floating currency floating exchange rate floating point, a datatype in computer science free float of company stock insurance (investable policyholder funds) root beer float: ice cream... Tassa drums are found within societies of the Indo-Caribbean people. ... The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ... The Dholak (sometimes dholaki) is a classical North Indian hand drum. ... The dhantal is a long steel rod which was adapted from the prong used to connect the yokes of the bullocks that transported the cane-filled carts on the estates in Trinidad and Tobago. ... Light comical banter, usually at someone elses expense. ... Chutney music is a form of music indigenous to the southern Caribbean (primarily Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana and Suriname) which derives elements from soca and Indian filmi songs. ... Soca, or soul calypso, is a dance music that originated in Trinidad from calypso. ... In Trinidad and Tobago and Guyana, Chutney-Soca music is a crossover style of music incorporating Soca elements and Hindi-English lyrics, Chutney music, with Indian instruments like the dholak and dhantal. ...

References

• Culture: A Rich and Diverse Heritage. Bonaire. Retrieved on December 3, 2005.
• Cameron, Sarah (1996). Caribbean Islands Handbook with the Bahamas. Passport Books. 0844249076. 
• Curaçao's Culture. Curaçao Culture and Folklore. Retrieved on December 3, 2005.
• Guilbault, Jocelyne (1999). "Dominica", Garland Encyclopedia of World Music, Volume Two: South America, Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean. Routledge, pp 840–844. ISBN 0-8153-1865-0. 
• Guilbault, Jocelyne (1999). "Saint Lucia", Garland Encyclopedia of World Music, Volume Two: South America, Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean. Routledge. ISBN 0-8153-1865-0. 
• Manuel, Peter (2006). Caribbean Currents: Caribbean Music from Rumba to Reggae (2nd edition). Philadelphia: Temple University Press. ISBN 1-59213-463-7. 
• Manuel, Peter (2000). East Indian Music in the West Indies: Tan-singing, Chutney, and the Making of Indo-Caribbean Culture. Temple University Press. ISBN 1-56639-763-4. 
• De Ledesma, Charles and Gene Scaramuzzo (2000). "Dance-Funk Creole-Style", in Broughton, Simon and Ellingham, Mark with McConnachie, James and Duane, Orla (Ed.): World Music, Vol. 2: Latin & North America, Caribbean, India, Asia and Pacific. Rough Guides, 289–303. ISBN 1-85828-636-0. 
• Tombstone - Big Drum - Saraca. Paradise Inn. Retrieved on September 10, 2005.

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Notes

is the 337th day of the year (338th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The University of the West Indies, also known as UWI, is an autonomous regional institution supported by and serving 16 countries and territories in the Caribbean - Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, the British Virgin Islands, the Cayman Islands, Dominica, Grenada, Jamaica, Montserrat, St. ... St. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 312th day of the year (313th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 312th day of the year (313th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Further reading

English Antilles

• Best, Curwen (1999). Barbadian Popular Music and the Politics of Caribbean Culture. Rochester, Vermont: Schenkman Books. ISBN 0-87047-111-2. 
• Hill, Donald (1993). Calypso Calaloo: Early Carnival Music in Trinidad. Gainesville, Florida: University Press of Florida. ISBN 0-8130-1222-8. 
• Hill, Errol (1972). The Trinidad Carnival: Mandate for a National Theatre. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press. ISBN 0-292-78000-1. 
• Rohlehr, Gordon (1990). Calypso and Society in Pre-Independence Trinidad. Port of Spain: G. Rohlehr. ISBN 976-8012-52-8. 
• Warner, Keith (1985). Kaisa, the Trinidad Calypso. Washington, D.C.: Three Continents. 

French Antilles

• Berrian, Brenda F. (2000). Awakening Spaces: French Caribbean Popular Songs, Music, and Culture. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-04455-6. 
• Guilbault, Jocelyn and Gage Averill, Édouard Benoit, and Gregory Rabess (1993). Zouk: World Music in the West Indies. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-31041-8. 

Indo-Antillean

• Myers, Helen (1998). Music of Hindu Trinidad: Songs from the India Diaspora. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-55451-1. 
• Ramnarine, Tina K. (2001). Creating Their Own Space: The Development of an Indian-Caribbean Musical Tradition. Kingston: University of the West Indies Press. ISBN 976-640-099-7. 

Other topics

• (1998) in Ray Allen, Lois Wilcken (Eds.): Island Sounds in the Global City: Caribbean Popular Music and Identity in New York. New York: New York Folklore Society and the Institute for Studies in American Music, Brooklyn College. ISBN 0-252-07042-9.