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Scale (music) (Italian scala, “ladder”), the arrangement, by rising or falling pitch sequence, of the notes used in a musical system.
These scales have a repeating sequence of semitones (on the white notes, E-F and B-C), and whole tones (between all other adjacent tones); and they have seven notes per octave (the eighth note in such a series is simply the repetition of the first note an octave higher).
By the late 19th century, because of the ever-increasing use of sharpened and flattened notes, Western music was based not on diatonicscales, but on a chromaticscale: 12 notes within the octave, all a semitone apart—C C-sharp D D-sharp E F F-sharp G G-sharp A A-sharp B (C).
Though the scales from musical traditions around the world are often quite different, the pitches of the notes in any given scale are usually related by a mathematical rule.
In traditional Western music, scale degrees are separated by tones or semitones.
Scales were originally derived from chord structures used, but now the notes in a chord are usually a subset of a particular scale.
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