Muslim theology is a branch of knowledge about God or Allah based on Muslim divine religious books or sources, namely the Qur'an and the Prophetic traditions. This theology claims that the Qur'an was revealed by Allah to the Prophet Muhammad after Allah commissioned him to be the final and last prophet. It is claimed that the Qur'an was revealed in Arabic verbatim to Muhammad through the angel Gabriel or through other means. The Qur'an has thirty parts and 114 surahs or chapters. It is believed by Muslims to be the most reliable and authentic divine book when one wants to learn the Islamic teaching on theology, law, and other branches of knowledge. There is a particular focus on Islamic religious knowledge and the sciences. The Prophetic traditions are the sayings, deeds, and affirmations of Muhammad. The Prophetic traditions are believed to have originated with Allah, but they were not revealed verbatim. Their Arabic sentences were from Muhammad himself. The term God is capitalized in the English language as a proper noun when used to refer to a specific monotheistic concept of a supernatural Supreme Being in accordance with Christianity. ... The word Allāh is the Arabic term for God. It is most commonly used in Islam and refers to The eternal monotheist deity. ... Islam ▶(?) (Arabic: الإسلام al-islām) the submission to God is a monotheistic faith, one of the Abrahamic religions and the worlds second-largest religion. ... The Quran (Arabic: al-qurān literally the recitation; also called Al Qurān Al Karīm or The Noble Quran; or transliterated Quran, Koran, and less commonly Alcoran) is the holy book of Islam. ... The word tradition, comes from the Latin word traditio which means to hand down or to hand over. ... Theology is reasoned discourse concerning God (Greek θεος, theos, God, + λογος, logos, word or reason). It also refers to the study of other religious topics. ... In numerous religions, including Abrahamic religions, Jah religions, Sikhism, and many forms of Paganism, a prophet is an intermediary with a deity, particularly someone who claims to speak for the deity or interprets the deitys will or mind. ... Muhammad is a common Muslim male name. ... The Arabic language (; , less formally, ) is the largest member of the Semitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family (classification: South Central Semitic) and is closely related to Hebrew and Aramaic. ... Verbatim has several meanings. ... Gabriel delivering the Annunciation. ... Aphorism Critical legal studies Jurisprudence Law (principle) Legal research Letter versus Spirit List of legal abbreviations Legal code Natural justice Natural law Philosophy of law Religious law External links Find more information on Law by searching one of Wikipedias sibling projects: Wikibooks Wikiversity has more about this subject: School... Knowledge is the confident understanding of a subject, potentially with the ability to use it for a specific purpose. ...

Types of theology

Muslim theology is the theology that derived from the Qur'an and the Prophetic traditions. The contents of Muslim theology can be divided into theology proper, theodicy, eschatology, anthropology, apophatic theology, and comparative religion. These branches or divisions can be found in the Qur'an and the Prophetic traditions. This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Anthropology (from the Greek word άνθρωπος, human) consists of the study of humankind (see genus Homo). ... Negative theology, also known as the Via Negativa (Lat. ... Comparative religion is a field of religious studies that analyzes interpretive differences of common themes and ideas among the worlds religions. ...

Theology proper

Theology proper refers to the nature of God or Allah such as his essence and attributes and his relation with humans and other created beings, the relationship between the creator and the created.

Theodicy

Theodicy is related to Allah as the creator and the existing of all the evil and suffering in the world with the premise that Allah is omnipotent, omniscient, and benevolent. The main questions dealt in theodicy are the problems of evils and sufferings taking place among human beings and their relation to Allah's three attributes. Omnipotence (literally, all power) is power with no limits or inexhaustible, in other words, unlimited power. ... Omniscience is the capacity to know everything, or at least everything that can be known about a character/s including thoughts, feelings, etc. ... Benevolence is a faculty from the discipline of Phrenology. ... In the philosophy of religion and theology, the problem of evil is the problem of reconciling the existence of evil or suffering in the world with the existence of an omniscient, omnipotent, benevolent god. ...

Eschatology

Eschatology is literally understood as the last things or ultimate things and in Muslim theology, eschatology refers to the end of this world and what will happen in the next world or hereafter. Eschatology covers the death of human beings, their souls after their bodily death, the total destruction of this world, the resurrection of human souls, the final judgments of human deeds by Allah after the resurrection, and the rewards and punishments for the believers and non-believers respectively. The places for the believers in the hereafter are known as Paradise and for the non-believers as Hell. The Last Judgement - Fresco in the Sistine Chapel by Michelangelo The end times are, in one version of Christian eschatology and in Islam, a time of tribulation that will precede the Second Coming of Jesus. ... Look up Paradise in Wiktionary, the free dictionary The word paradise is derived from the Avestan word of pairidaeza (a walled enclosure), which is a compound of pairi- (around), a cognate of the Greek peri-, and -diz (to create, make). ... Medieval illustration of the Mouth of Hell Hell is, according to many religious beliefs, a place or a state of painful suffering. ...

Theological anthropology

Anthropology or theological anthropology in Muslim theology focuses on the natures and purposes of human beings created by Allah to live in this world. Apophatic theology deals with what Allah is not. It is also known as negative theology.

Comparative religion

Comparative religion in Muslim theology is about the differences and similarities between Muslim theology and other theologies such as Christian, Jewish theologies as explained in the Qur'an and the Prophetic traditions. As a noun, Christian is an appellation and moniker deriving from the appellation Christ, which many people associate exclusively with Jesus of Nazareth. ... The word Jew ( Hebrew: יהודי) is used in a wide number of ways, but generally refers to a follower of the Jewish faith, a child of a Jewish mother, or someone of Jewish descent with a connection to Jewish culture or ethnicity and often a combination of these attributes. ...

Differences between various Muslim groups

General overview

In the history of Muslim theology, there have been theological schools among Muslims such as the Salafites, the Ash`arites, the Mu`tazilites and the Hanbalites. Those who have studies those Muslim theological schools surely have found some similarities and difference in their approaches to the theological contents and concepts derived from the Qur'an and the Prophetic traditions. This article needs cleanup. ...

Mu`tazilite view

Mu`tazilites emphasize more on human free will in human relation with Allah meanwhile those who opposed the Mu`tazilites emphasize on human predestination in human relation with Allah. The Mu`tazilites give priority to God's justice while their opponents give priority to God's omnipotence when they talk about the relationship between human beings and their creator. Free will is the philosophical doctrine that holds that our choices are ultimately up to ourselves. ... Allegory of Justice as woman with sword and with book - statue at court building. ...

Shi`ite view

There are differences also among Muslims in defining the contents of Islamic articles of belief. The Shi`ite Muslims hold that there are five articles of belief namely the Divine Oneness and Justice, the Prophethood, the Imamate, and eschatology. The Imamate was the state built up by the imams of Dagestan during the early and middle of the nineteenth century in the Eastern Caucasus, especially in Chechnya and Dagestan, to fight against the invasion of the Russian Empire. ...

Sunnite view

Sunnite Muslims hold that there are six articles of belief namely belief in Allah or God, his angels, his books, his prophets, eschatology, and the values or standards of goodness and badness or evil are from Allah.

See also

Early Muslim philosophy Early Muslim philosophy can be starkly divided into four clear sets of influences: First, the life of Muhammad or sira which generated both the Quran (revelation) and hadith (his daily utterances and discourses on social and legal matters), during which philosophy was defined by acceptance or rejection of his...