Brassica
Wild Mustard (Brassica campestris)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Brassicales Family: Brassicaceae Genus: Brassica
Species
See text Wild mustard (Brassica campestris). ... Scientific classification or biological classification is how biologists group and categorize extinct and living species of organisms. ... Divisions Green algae Land plants (embryophytes) Non-vascular embryophytes Hepatophyta - liverworts Anthocerophyta - hornworts Bryophyta - mosses Vascular plants (tracheophytes) Seedless vascular plants Lycopodiophyta - clubmosses Equisetophyta - horsetails Pteridophyta - true ferns Psilotophyta - whisk ferns Ophioglossophyta - adderstongues Seed plants (spermatophytes) †Pteridospermatophyta - seed ferns Pinophyta - conifers Cycadophyta - cycads Ginkgophyta - ginkgo Gnetophyta - gnetae Magnoliophyta - flowering plants... Classes Magnoliopsida - Dicots Liliopsida - Monocots The flowering plants (also angiosperms or Magnoliophyta) are one of the major groups of modern plants, comprising those that produce seeds in specialized reproductive organs called flowers, where the ovulary or carpel is enclosed. ... Orders see text Dicotyledons or dicots are flowering plants whose seed contains two embryonic leaves or cotyledons. ... Families See text The Brassicales are an order of flowering plants, belonging to the rosid group of dicotyledons. ... Genera See text The flowering plant family Brassicaceae, known as the mustard/cabbage family, provides much of the worlds winter vegetables. ...

For the Multi Unit Space Transport And Recovery Device, see the MUSTARD article.

The mustards are several plant species in the genus Brassica whose proverbially tiny mustard seeds are used as a spice and, by grinding and mixing them with water, vinegar or other liquids, are turned into a condiment also known as mustard. The seeds are also pressed to make mustard oil, and the edible leaves can be eaten as mustard greens. Wild Mustard (Brassica campestris) The mustards are several species in the genus Brassica whose proverbially tiny mustard seeds are used as a spice and, by grinding and mixing them with water, vinegar or other liquids, are turned into a condiment also known as mustard. ... Species See text Brassica is a plant genus, in the cabbage family (Cruciferae, also known, more fashionably, as the Brassicaceae). ... Mustard seeds are small, about 1mm in diameter. ... Screen shot of Spice OPUS, a fork of Berkeley SPICE SPICE (Simulation Program with Integrated Circuits Emphasis) is a general purpose analog circuit simulator. ... A condiment is a garnishment applied to food in the form of a sauce, powder, spread, or similar delivery medium. ... Mustard oil is made from mustard seed. ... Leaf vegetables, also called greens or leafy greens, are plant leaves eaten as a vegetable, sometimes accompanied by tender petioles and shoots. ...

Mustard is unrelated to mustard gas. Chemical Structure of Mustard Gas Compound Mustard gas (HD) is a chemical compound that was first used as a chemical weapon in World War I. In pure form, it is a colourless, odourless, viscous liquid at room temperature and causes blistering of the skin. ...

Mustard plants

Mild white mustard (Brassica hirta) grows wild in North Africa, the Middle East and Mediterranean Europe and has spread farther by long cultivation; brown or Indian mustard (B. juncea), originally from the foothills of the Himalaya, is grown commercially in the U.K., Canada and the U.S.; black mustard (B. nigra) in Argentina, Chile, the U.S. and some European countries. Canada grows 90% of all the mustard seed for the international market. North Africa is a region generally considered to include: Algeria Egypt Libya Mauritania Morocco Sudan Tunisia Western Sahara The Canary Islands, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Azores and Madeira are sometimes considered to be a part of North Africa, though they do not share a common culture with North Africa. ... A map showing countries commonly considered to be part of the Middle East The Middle East is a region comprising the lands around the southern and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Sea, a territory that extends from the eastern Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf. ... The Mediterranean Sea is an intercontinental sea positioned between Europe to the north, Africa to the south and Asia to the east, covering an approximate area of 2. ... Tillage (American English), or cultivation (UK) is the agricultural preparation of the soil to receive seeds. ... The Himalaya is a mountain range in Asia, separating the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau. ... The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a country in western Europe, and a member of the European Union. ... Wikiquote quotations related to: United States Wikinews has news related to this article: United States United States government Official website of the United States government - Gateway to governmental sites White House - Official site of the US President Senate. ...

In addition to the mustards, the genus Brassica also includes cabbages, cauliflower, rapeseed and turnips. Cultivar Group Brassica oleracea Capitata Group The cabbage (Brassica oleracea Capitata Group) is an edible plant of the Family Brassicaceae (or Cruciferae). ... Cultivar Group Brassica oleracea Botrytis Group Cauliflower is a variety (Botrytis Group) of Brassica oleracea in the family Brassicaceae. ... Binomial name Brassica napus L. Rapeseed Brassica napus, also known as Rape, Oilseed Rape, Rapa, Rapaseed and (one particular cultivar) Canola, is a bright yellow flowering member of the family Brassicaceae. ... Turnip can refer to two vegetables, which are described under the articles Turnip (brassica rapa) and Rutabaga. ...

There has been recent research into varieties of mustards that have a high oil content for use in the production of biodiesel, a renewable liquid fuel similar to diesel fuel. The biodiesel made from mustard oil has good cold flow properties and cetane ratings. The leftover meal after pressing out the oil has also been found to be an effective pesticide. [1] (http://www.bioproducts-bioenergy.gov/pdfs/bcota/abstracts/19/z347.pdf) Bus running on soybean biodiesel. ... Renewable energy (sources) or RES capture their energy from existing flows of energy, from on-going natural processes, such as sunshine, wind, flowing water, biological processes, and geothermal heat flows. ... Diesel is a product used as a fuel in a diesel engine invented by Rudolf Diesel, and perfected by Charles F. Kettering. ... Cetane number or CN is to diesel fuel what octane rating is to gasoline. ... An airplane spreading pesticide. ...

An interesting genetic relationship between many species of mustard have been observed, and is described as the Triangle of U. Genetics (from the Greek genno γεννώ= give birth) is the science of genes, heredity, and the variation of organisms. ... In biology, a species is a kind of organism. ... The Triangle of U is a theory which describes the evolution and relationships between members of the plant species Brassica. ...

Mustard seeds

The powerful "bite" of mustard seeds, which likely evolved as a deterrent to seed-eating rodents and birds, made mustard one of the first spices known to man. Mustard seed is found in Egyptian tombs. Mustard seed was already proverbially small in the Upanishads (Chandogya 3.14.2-3) and was so common in India that when a woman whose child had died came to the Buddha and asked that he return the child to life, the Buddha asked her to go out into the community and bring back to him a single mustard seed taken from a house where no person had died. Jesus's parable of the mustard seed was reported by Matthew (13:31-32), Mark (4:30-32) and Luke (13:18-19). Mustard seeds are small, about 1mm in diameter. ... Charles Darwin, the father of modern evolutionary theory In the life sciences, evolution is a change in the traits of living organisms over generations, including the emergence of new species. ... A SeeD is a term given to mercenaries trained and employed by Balamb Garden in the Final Fantasy VIII video game. ... Families Many, see text The order Rodentia is the most numerous of all the branches on the mammal family tree. ... Orders Many - see section below. ... A proverb (from the Latin proverbium) is a pithy saying which had gained credence through widespread or frequent use. ... The Upanishads (उपनिषद्, Upanişad) are part of the Hindu Shruti scriptures which primarily discuss meditation and philosophy and are seen as religious instructions by most schools of Hinduism. ... A stone image of the Buddha. ... Jesus, also known as Jesus Christ, is the central figure in Christianity. ...

The pungent taste of mustard seeds results from an oil that is not actually present in the seeds. When mixed with water (or chewed), a chemical reaction occurs between an enzyme and a glucoside from the seeds, resulting in the production of the oil allyl isothiocyanate. Neuraminidase ribbon diagram An enzyme (in Greek en = in and zyme = leaven) is a protein, or protein complex, that catalyzes a chemical reaction and also controls the 3D orientation of the catalyzed substrates. ... A glucoside is a glycoside that is derived from glucose. ... Isothiocyanate is the chemical group -N=C=S, formed by substituting sulfur for oxygen in the isocyanate group. ...

Prepared mustard

Prepared mustard is a thick condiment, a yellow or yellow-brown paste with a sharp taste that is prepared from the ground mustard seeds, by mixing them with water, vinegar or other liquids, and adding ingredients such as flour. A strong mustard can cause the eyes to water, burn the palate and inflame the nasal passages. For this reason, mustard is an acquired taste. A condiment is a garnishment applied to food in the form of a sauce, powder, spread, or similar delivery medium. ... Taste is one of the most common and fundamental of the senses in life on Earth. ... A liquid will assume the shape of its container. ... An ingredient used in many foods, flour is a fine powder made from grain or other starchy food sources. ... The palate is the roof of the mouth in humans and vertebrate animals. ... Human nose Anatomically, a nose is a protuberance in vertebrates that houses the nostrils, or nares, which admit and expel air for respiration. ...

The Romans most likely developed the prepared mustards we know today. They mixed unfermented grape juice, known as "must" with ground seeds (called sinapis) to form mustum ardens, or "burning must". The Roman Empire is the term conventionally used to describe the Roman polity in the centuries following its reorganization under the leadership of Caesar Augustus. ... Species Vitis acerifolia Vitis aestivalis Vitis amurensis Vitis arizonica Vitis x bourquina Vitis californica Vitis x champinii Vitis cinerea Vitis x doaniana Vitis girdiana Vitis labrusca Vitis x labruscana Vitis monticola Vitis mustangensis Vitis x novae-angliae Vitis palmata Vitis riparia Vitis rotundifolia Vitis rupestris Vitis shuttleworthii Vitis tiliifolia Vitis...

There are many varieties of mustard, which vary in strength and flavour. Places known for their mustard include Dijon (strong) and Meaux in France, and Norwich in the United Kingdom. There are variations in the subsidiary spices and in the preparation of the mustard seeds. The husks may be ground with the seeds, or winnowed away after the initial crushing; "whole-grain mustard" retains some unground mustard seeds. Sometimes prepared mustard is simmered to moderate its bite, sometimes it is aged. Location within France Street in the centre of Dijon Dijon (  pronunciation?) is a city in eastern France, the préfecture (administrative capital) of the Côte-dOr département (county) and of the Bourgogne région. ... Meaux is a town in the Seine-et-Marne département of France, near the Marne River. ... Norwich (pronounced variously Norritch or Norridge) is a city in East Anglia, in Eastern England, the regional administrative centre and county town of Norfolk. ...

"Dijon" mustard is not covered by a Designation of Origin (PDO) or a Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) (http://europa.eu.int/comm/agriculture/qual/en/1bbab_en.htmProtected) under the auspices of the European Union. Dijon mustard is simply a method of preparing ground mustard seeds, using brown mustard. Nor does "Dijon mustard" have an origin in medieval monasteries: In 1856, Jean Naigeon of Dijon substituted verjuice, the acidic "green" juice of not-quite-ripe grapes, for the older vinegar. Mustards are often prepared with some subsidiary spices like cloves, but in the past adulterants were so commonplace that in 1658 French law proscribed all mustard-making for sale except from certified makers. 1856 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Vinegar (from Old French vinaigre sour wine) is a sour liquid made from the oxidation of ethanol in wine, cider, beer, or the like. ... This article is about spices, the word clove is also used to describe a segment of a head of garlic and a clove hitch is a useful kind of knot. ... Events January 13 - Edward Sexby, who has plotted against Oliver Cromwell, dies in Tower of London February 6 - Swedish troops of Charles X Gustav of Sweden cross from Sweden to Denmark over frozen sea May 1 - Publication of Hydriotaphia, Urn Burial and The Garden of Cyrus by Thomas Browne September...

small packets of ketchup and mustard

Mustard is most often used as a condiment on meat, especially cold meats such as ham; the French like strong Dijon mustard with steak. It is also used as an ingredient in mayonnaise and vinaigrette, in marinades and barbecue sauce. Download high resolution version (776x768, 56 KB) Heinz ketchup and mustard Photo by renato2004. From www. ... Download high resolution version (776x768, 56 KB) Heinz ketchup and mustard Photo by renato2004. From www. ... In cooking, mayonnaise is a thick, creamy sauce, usually of a white or light yellow color, which is made and eaten cold. ... The word vinaigrette (from the French language) can refer to: An emulsion of vinegar (or sometimes lemon juice) and vegetable oil, often flavored with herbs, spices, and other ingredients. ... Marination, also known as marinading, is the process of soaking foods in a seasoned, often acidic, liquid before cooking. ... A member of the Airpork Crew barbecue team prepares pork shoulder at the Memphis in May World Championship Barbecue Cooking Contest. ...

Popular brands of mustard are Plochman's (since 1852) and French's (Robert Timothy French, 1880) in the United States; Amora and Maille (since 1747) in France; and Colman's (Jeremiah Colman, 1804) in the U.K. 1852 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 1880 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Colmans is a UK manufacturer of mustard, based in Norwich, Norfolk. ... 1804 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...

Mustard was not popular in American cooking until mild "mustard sauce" using white (actually yellow) mustard seeds, with some additional turmeric for bright yellow coloring, was made commercially available. "Honey Dijon" appeals in the U.S. to a national taste for sweetness in unexpected sources. In the U.S., very mild prepared mustard is often used as a condiment in combination with ketchup. Binomial name Curcuma longa Linnaeus Turmeric (Curcuma longa, also known as tumeric or curcumin) is a spice commonly used in curries and other south Asian cooking. ... Organic Ketchup, a 21st century condiment Ketchup (or catsup) is a popular condiment, usually made with ripened tomatoes. ...

In the US, mustard is generally sold in glass jars. Any mustard which is stored for a long period of time is prone to separation, causing mustard water. Shaking a closed jar/bottle prior to opening is recommended. The United States of America — also referred to as the United States, the U.S.A., the U.S., America, the States, or (archaically) Columbia—is a federal republic of 50 states located primarily in central North America (with the exception of two states: Alaska and Hawaii). ... A jar is a wide-mouthed container typically made of glass or earthenware designed to hold a fluid. ... In chemistry and chemical engineering, a separation process is a process that transforms a mixture of substances into two or more compositionally-distinct products. ...

Mustard greens

Mustard greens, the leaves of the Indian mustard plant (Brassica juncea), are one of the greens considered to be an essential element in soul food. They are more pungent than the closely-related Brassica oleracea greens (kale, cabbage, collard greens, et cetera) and are very frequently mixed with these milder greens in a dish of "mixed greens", which can also often include wild greens such as dandelion. As with other greens in soul food cooking, they are generally flavored by being cooked for a long period with ham hocks or other smoked pork products. Mustard greens are also extremely high in Vitamin A and Vitamin K. Brassica juncea -- Mustard greens. ... Brassica juncea -- Mustard greens. ... Leaf vegetables, also called greens or leafy greens, are plant leaves eaten as a vegetable, sometimes accompanied by tender petioles and shoots. ... For the movie, see Soul Food Soul food is an ethnic cuisine, food traditionally eaten by African Americans of the Southern United States. ... Binomial name Brassica oleracea L. See also cabbage Brassica oleracea or Wild Cabbage, is a species of Brassica native to coastal southern and western Europe, where its resistance to salt and lime but intolerance of competition from other plants typically restricts is natural occurrence to limestone sea cliffs. ... Kale is the name of several things: Kale (the name has one syllable) is a kind of cabbage (Brassica oleracea) which is unusual in that the central leaves do not form a head. ... Cultivar Group Brassica oleracea Capitata Group The cabbage (Brassica oleracea Capitata Group) is an edible plant of the Family Brassicaceae (or Cruciferae). ... Cultivar Group Brassica oleracea Acephala Group Collard or collard greens is a loose-leafed cultivar group of Brassica oleracea Acephala Group, which is grown as a food crop and garden ornamental, mainly in Brazil, United States. ... Species Taraxacum officinale Taraxacum japonicum Taraxacum albidum and a few others. ... Ham hocks are essential ingredients in soul food and other forms of Southern country cooking. ... Hormel Pork Loin Filets This article is on the meat. ... Retinol, the dietary form of vitamin A, is a fat-soluble, antioxidant vitamin important in vision and bone growth. ... This article describes the biomolecule known as Vitamin K. For the unrelated drug sometimes referred to in slang as Vitamin K, see Ketamine. ...

Chinese and Japanese cuisines make much more use of mustard greens. A large variety of B. juncea cultivars are grown and enjoyed, such as tatsoi, mizuna, juk gai choy, and hseuh li hung. Asian mustard greens are generally stir-fried or pickled. A cultivar is a cultivated variety of a plant species. ... Stir frying is a common Chinese cooking technique used because of its fast cooking speed. ... Pickling is the process of preparing a food by soaking and storing it in a brine (salt) or vinegar solution, a process which can preserve otherwise perishable foods for months. ...

External links

• Global Gourmet: Michele Anna Jordan on the history of a condiment (http://www.globalgourmet.com/food/egg/egg0796/histcond.html)
• What Makes Mustard So Mustardy? (http://www.straightdope.com/mailbag/mmustard.html) (from The Straight Dope)
• Nutrition information for mustard greens (http://www.kallipolis.com/diet/food.php?id=11271) and prepared mustard (http://www.kallipolis.com/diet/food.php?id=2046&w=2).
• World's Healthiest Foods: Mustard (http://www.whfoods.com/genpage.php?tname=foodspice&dbid=106)
• The expression "cut the mustard" (http://www.yaelf.com/aueFAQ/mifcutmustard.shtml)
• UCLA, Medicinal spices: (http://unitproj.library.ucla.edu/biomed/spice/index.cfm?displayID=18) Mustard
• The Mount Horeb (Wisc.) Mustard Museum (http://www.mustardmuseum.com/)
• Description of the many different edible types of mustard greens, on innvista.com (http://www.innvista.com/health/foods/vegetables/mustard.htm)]