NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Myanma kyat

The kyat (Burmese:

; MLCTS: kyap, IPA: [dʒɛʔ] or IPA: [tʃɛʔ]; ISO 4217 code MMK) is the currency of Myanmar/Burma. It is often abbreviated as "K", which is placed before the numerical value. Image File history File links Kyat. ... Image File history File linksMetadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... The Central Bank of Myanmar (Burmese: ; MLCTS: IPA: ; abbreviated CBM) is the central bank of Myanmar (formerly Burma). ... Image File history File links Kyat. ... This article or section uses Burmese characters which may be rendered incorrectly. ... Articles with similar titles include the NATO phonetic alphabet, which has also informally been called the â€œInternational Phonetic Alphabetâ€. For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words, see IPA chart for English. ... Articles with similar titles include the NATO phonetic alphabet, which has also informally been called the â€œInternational Phonetic Alphabetâ€. For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words, see IPA chart for English. ... ISO 4217 is the international standard describing three letter codes (also known as the currency code) to define the names of currencies established by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). ...

History

First kyat, -1889

The kyat was a denomination of both silver and gold coinages in Burma until 1889. It was divided into 20 pe, each of 4 pya, with the mu and mat worth 2 and 4 pe, respectively. Nominally, 16 silver kyat equal 1 gold kyat. The silver kyat was equivalent to the Indian rupee, which replaced the kyat after Burma was conquered by the British. ISO 4217 Code INR User(s) India, Bhutan Inflation 5. ...

Second kyat, 1943-1945

When the Japanese occupied Burma in 1942, they introduced a currency based on the rupee. This was replaced at par by the kyat in 1943. This kyat was subdivided into 100 cents. The kyat became worthless at the end of the war when the rupee was reintroduced. The rupee was the currency of Burma (now Myanmar) between 1889 and 1952, except for the years 1943-1945. ... Look up centi- in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The rupee was the currency of Burma (now Myanmar) between 1889 and 1952, except for the years 1943-1945. ...

Third kyat, 1952-

The present kyat was introduced on July 1, 1952. It replaced the rupee at par. Decimalization also took place, with the kyat subdivided into 100 pya. is the 182nd day of the year (183rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1952 (MCMLII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The rupee was the currency of Burma (now Myanmar) between 1889 and 1952, except for the years 1943-1945. ...

Coins

First kyat

In 1852, Mindon, the second last king of Burma, established the Royal Mint in Mandalay (Central Burma). The dies were made in Paris. Silver coins were minted in denominations of 1 pe, 1 mu (2 pe), 1 mat (4 pe), 5 mu (10 pe) and 1 kyat, with gold 1 pe and 1 mu. The obverses bore the Royal Peacock Seal, from which the coins got their name. The reverse contained the denomination and mint date (in the Burmese era, which starts from A.D. 638). In the 1860s and 1870s, lead coins were issued for ⅛ and ¼ pya, with copper, brass, tin and iron ¼ pe (1 pya) and copper 2 pya. Further gold goins were issued in 1866 for 1 pe, 2½ mu and 1 kyat, with 5 mu issued in 1878. Mindon Min Mindon Min (Burmese: ; born 8 July 1808 in Amarapura, died 1 October 1878 in Golden Palace, Ratnapura, was the penultimate king of Burma from 1853 till he died at age 70, and was one of the most popular and revered kings of Burma. ...

Second kyat

Third kyat

In 1952, coins were introduced for 1, 5, 10, 25 and 50 pya and 1 kyat. 1 pya coins were last minted in 1966, with the 5 pya last minted in 1987 and the 10, 25 and 50 pya in 1991. In 1999, a new series of coins was issued in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 50 and 100 kyats.

For other uses, see Brass (disambiguation). ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... A regular hexagon. ... The steel cable of a colliery winding tower. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... For other uses, see Brass (disambiguation). ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... The chinthe appears on all banknote denominations of the kyat. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Arabic numerals (also called Hindu numerals or Hindu-Arabic numerals) are by far the most common form of symbolism used to represent numbers. ... For other uses, see Brass (disambiguation). ... The chinthe appears on all banknote denominations of the kyat. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Arabic numerals (also called Hindu numerals or Hindu-Arabic numerals) are by far the most common form of symbolism used to represent numbers. ... Cupronickel is an alloy of copper, nickel and strengthening impurities, such as iron and manganese. ... The chinthe appears on all banknote denominations of the kyat. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Arabic numerals (also called Hindu numerals or Hindu-Arabic numerals) are by far the most common form of symbolism used to represent numbers. ...

Banknotes

First kyat

Second kyat

The Burma State Bank issued notes for 1, 5, 10 and 100 kyat in 1944, followed by a further issue of 100 kyat notes in 1945.

Third kyat

In 1953, the Union Bank of Burma introduced the first kyat notes, in denominations of 1, 5, 10 and 100 kyats. These were very similar in design to the last series of rupee notes, issued earlier the same year. In 1958, 20 and 50 kyats notes were introduced. The 50 and 100 kyat notes were demonetized on May 15, 1964. This was the first of several demonetizations, ostensible carried out with the aim of fighting black marketeering. The Peoples Bank of Burma took over note production in 1965 with an issue of 1, 5, 10 and 20 kyat notes. Legal tender or forced tender is payment that, by law, cannot be refused in settlement of a debt denominated in the same currency. ... is the 135th day of the year (136th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1964 (MCMLXIV) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1964 calendar). ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into underground economy. ... Year 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. ...

In 1972, the Union Bank resumed note production, with notes introduced between 1972 and 1979 for 1, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 kyats. On November 3, 1985, the 50 and 100 kyat notes were again demonetized. Soon after, new kyat notes were introduced in the unusual denominations of 15, 35 and 75 kyats, possibly chosen because of dictator Ne Win's predilection for numerology; the 75 kyat note was introduced on his 75th birthday. Smaller denominations remained legal tender and each family was, in theory, given up to 5000 kyat as compensation. Year 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1979 by Smashing Pumpkins. ... is the 307th day of the year (308th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1985 (MCMLXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link displays 1985 Gregorian calendar). ... This article or section is not written in the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia article. ... Numerology is any of many systems, traditions or beliefs in a mystical or esoteric relationship between numbers and physical objects or living things. ... Legal tender or forced tender is payment that cannot be refused in settlement of a debt denominated in the same currency by virtue of law. ...

Only two years later, on September 5, 1987, the government demonetized the 25, 35 and 75 kyat notes without prior warning, rendering some 75% of the country's currency worthless. Banknotes for 45 and 90 kyat were introduced, both of which incorporated Ne Win's favorite number, 9. The resulting economic disturbances led to serious riots (see 8888 Uprising) and eventually a coup in 1988 by General Saw Maung. is the 248th day of the year (249th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar). ... 8888 Uprising (Shih lei long; lit. ... Year 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar). ... Saw Maung (1928 - 24 July 1997) was a political figure in Myanmar. ...

Following the change of the country's name to Myanmar, new notes began to be issued. This time, the old notes were not demonetized, but simply allowed to fall into disuse through inflation as well as wear and tear. In 1990, 1 kyat notes were issued, followed the next year by 200 kyat notes. In 1994, notes for 50 pya, 20, 50, 100 and 500 kyats were issued, followed, in 1996, by new 1, 5 and 10 kyat notes. 1000 kyat notes were introduced in 1998. Year 1990 (MCMXC) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar). ... Year 1994 (MCMXCIV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar). ... Year 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar). ...

In 2003, rumours of another pending demonetization swept through the country, resulting in the junta issuing official denials, but this time the demonetization did not materialise. In 2004, the sizes of the 200, 500 and 1000 kyats were reduced in size (to make all Myanma banknotes uniform in size) but larger notes remain in circulation. 50 pya, 1, and 5 kyat banknotes are now rarely seen, because of their low value. Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The saung (also known as the saung-guak, or Myanmar harp, the countrys previous name was Burma) is a Burmese traditional musical instrument made of sixteen silk strings attached to a neck by red cotton tuning cords terminating in large tassels. ... Guilloche interlace on the frame of a doorway, S. Salvatore in Lauro, Rome The guilloche interlace pattern (illustrated, right), a conventional enriched moulding in classical architecture, may enclose empty space or be rosetted as it is here; the result is a moulding that could be said to be guillochÃ©. Bands... The chinthe appears on all banknote denominations of the kyat. ... Yangon (Burmese: , population 5,000,000 (nearly) (2007 census), formerly Rangoon, is the largest city and former capital of Myanmar (previously known as Burma, prior to 1989). ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Chinlone (Burmese: ; MLCTS: ; IPA: ) is the traditional sport of Myanmar (Burma). ... The chinthe appears on all banknote denominations of the kyat. ... The chinthe appears on all banknote denominations of the kyat. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... The chinthe appears on all banknote denominations of the kyat. ... The chinthe appears on all banknote denominations of the kyat. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Yangon (Burmese: , population 5,000,000 (nearly) (2007 census), formerly Rangoon, is the largest city and former capital of Myanmar (previously known as Burma, prior to 1989). ... The chinthe appears on all banknote denominations of the kyat. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... In a general sense, lacquer is a paint or varnish that produces a hard, durable finish that can be polished to a very high gloss, and gives the illusion of depth. ... An artisan, also called a craftsman,[1] is a skilled manual worker who uses tools and machinery in a particular craft. ... The chinthe appears on all banknote denominations of the kyat. ... The chinthe appears on all banknote denominations of the kyat. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... The chinthe appears on all banknote denominations of the kyat. ... The chinthe appears on all banknote denominations of the kyat. ... The chinthe appears on all banknote denominations of the kyat. ... The chinthe appears on all banknote denominations of the kyat. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... The chinthe appears on all banknote denominations of the kyat. ... General Mahabandoola (c. ... The chinthe appears on all banknote denominations of the kyat. ... The chinthe appears on all banknote denominations of the kyat. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... The chinthe appears on all banknote denominations of the kyat. ... The chinthe appears on all banknote denominations of the kyat. ... The chinthe appears on all banknote denominations of the kyat. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... The chinthe appears on all banknote denominations of the kyat. ...

Current MMK exchange rates

Since 2001, the official exchange rate has varied between 5.75 and 6.70 kyats per US Dollar (8.20 to 7.00 kyats per Euro). However, the street rate (black market rate), which more accurately takes into account the standing of the national economy, has varied from 800 kyats to 1335 kyats per USD (985 to 1475 kyats per EUR). Black market exchange rates (USD to MMK) decrease during the peak of the tourist season in Myanmar (December to January). The following exchange rates are official and are primarily stagnant. They do not indicate performance of the actual national economy.

Rates are as of 22 September 2006. ISO 4217 Code USD User(s) the United States, the British Indian Ocean Territory,[1] the British Virgin Islands, East Timor, Ecuador, El Salvador, the Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Panama, Caicos Islands, and the insular areas of the United States Inflation 2. ... â€œEURâ€ redirects here. ... For details of notes and coins, see British coinage and British banknotes. ... ISO 4217 Code JPY User(s) Japan Inflation -0. ... ISO 4217 Code CNY User(s) Mainland of the Peoples Republic of China Inflation 1. ... is the 265th day of the year (266th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

According to The Irrawaddy, which provides accurate estimates of the black market (street rate, and hence unofficial), are as follows: The Irrawaddy (Burmese: ; MLCTS: ) is a newsmagazine owned by the Irrawaddy Publishing Group (IPG). ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into underground economy. ...

Rates are as of 15 February 2007 ISO 4217 Code USD User(s) the United States, the British Indian Ocean Territory,[1] the British Virgin Islands, East Timor, Ecuador, El Salvador, the Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Panama, Caicos Islands, and the insular areas of the United States Inflation 2. ... (Redirected from 15 February) February 15 is the 46th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ...

See also

References

External links

Categories: Currencies of Asia | Circulating currencies | Economy of Myanmar Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... World map showing the location of Asia. ... The afghani is the official currency used in Afghanistan. ... ISO 4217 Code KZT User(s) Kazakhstan Inflation 8. ... Five Kyrgyzstani Som Note (1997) 100 Kyrgystani Som Notes (2002) The Kyrgyzstani Som (sometimes transliterated Sum or Soum) is the currency of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan in Central Asia. ... ISO 4217 Code MNT User(s) Mongolia Inflation 9. ... ISO 4217 Code RUB User(s) Russia and self-proclaimed Abkhazia and South Ossetia Inflation 7% Source Rosstat, 2007 Subunit 1/100 kopek (ÐºÐ¾Ð¿ÐµÐ¹ÐºÐ°) Symbol Ñ€ÑƒÐ± kopek (ÐºÐ¾Ð¿ÐµÐ¹ÐºÐ°) Ðº Plural The language(s) of this currency is of the Slavic languages. ... The Somoni (Tajik: ) is the currency of Tajikistan. ... The manat is the currency unit of Turkmenistan. ... The som (soâ€˜m in Uzbek) is the currency of Uzbekistan in Central Asia. ... ISO 4217 Code CNY User(s) Mainland of the Peoples Republic of China Inflation 1. ... ISO 4217 Code HKD User(s) Hong Kong Inflation 2. ... ISO 4217 Code JPY User(s) Japan Inflation -0. ... The pataca is the monetary unit of Macau (currency code MOP; Chinese: æ¾³é–€åœ“), made up of 100 avos. ... 5000 KPW issued in 2002 The won is the currency of North Korea. ... ISO 4217 Code TWD User(s) Republic of China Inflation 0. ... ISO 4217 Code KRW User(s) Republic of Korea Inflation 2. ... ISO 4217 Code BND User(s) Brunei, Singapore Inflation 0. ... Riel (Khmer: , Symbol ) is the national currency of Cambodia. ... ISO 4217 Code IDR User(s) Indonesia Inflation 6. ... Kip is the currency of Laos. ... ISO 4217 Code MYR User(s) Malaysia Inflation 2. ... The kyat (ISO 4217 code MMK) is the official currency of Myanmar. ... ISO 4217 Code PHP User(s) Philippines Inflation 2. ... ISO 4217 Code SGD User(s) Singapore, Brunei Inflation 1% Source The World Factbook, 2006 est. ... ISO 4217 Code THB User(s) Thailand Inflation 4. ... ISO 4217 Code USD User(s) the United States, the British Indian Ocean Territory,[1] the British Virgin Islands, East Timor, Ecuador, El Salvador, the Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Panama, Caicos Islands, and the insular areas of the United States Inflation 2. ... ISO 4217 Code VND User(s) Vietnam Inflation 7. ... ISO 4217 Code BDT User(s) Bangladesh Inflation 7% Source The World Factbook, 2005 est. ... The ngultrum (BTN) is the currency of Bhutan, subdivided into 100 chertrums. ... ISO 4217 Code INR User(s) India, Bhutan Inflation 5. ... ISO 4217 Code MVR User(s) Maldives Inflation 6% Source The World Factbook, 2005 est. ... ISO 4217 code: NPR Symbol: â‚¨ 1/100th unit: paisa Introduced in: 1932 Exchange Rates May 2006 USD exchange: 73. ... The Pakistani rupee (PKR) is the currency of Pakistan. ... ISO 4217 Code LKR User(s) Sri Lanka Inflation rate 11. ... ISO 4217 Code AMD User(s) Armenia and the self proclaimed Nagorno Karabakh Republic Inflation -0. ... ISO 4217 Code AZN User(s) Azerbaijan except Nagorno-Karabakh Inflation 11. ... ISO 4217 Code BHD User(s) Bahrain Inflation 2. ... ISO 4217 Code CYP User(s) Cyprus (except in the self-proclaimed Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus), Akrotiri and Dhekelia Inflation 2. ... ISO 4217 Code EGP User(s) Egypt Inflation 6. ... Georgian 1 lari Georgian 2 lari Georgian 5 lari Georgian 10 lari Georgian 50 lari Georgian 100 lari The lari (Georgian: áƒšáƒáƒ áƒ˜ ; ISO 4217:GEL) is the national currency of Georgia. ... ISO 4217 Code IRR User(s) Iran Inflation 15. ... ISO 4217 Code IQD User(s) Iraq Inflation rate 33% Source The World Factbook, 2005 est. ... ISO 4217 Code ILS User(s) Israel, Palestinian Authority Inflation 1. ... The Jordanian dinar (ISO 4217 code JOD) is the official currency of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan and the first official one in the State of Palestine. ... ISO 4217 Code KWD User(s) Kuwait Inflation 3. ... ISO 4217 Code LBP User(s) Lebanon Inflation 4. ... ISO 4217 Code OMR User(s) Oman Inflation 1. ... ISO 4217 Code QAR User(s) Qatar Inflation 7. ... ISO 4217 Code SAR User(s) Saudi Arabia Inflation 1. ... ISO 4217 Code SYP User(s) Syria Subunit 1/100 piastre Symbol SÂ£ [] Coins 1, 2, 5, 10, 25 pounds Banknotes 1, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000 pounds Central bank Central Bank of Syria Website www. ... TRY banknotes and coins The Turkish new lira is the current currency of Turkey and of the de facto state Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. ... ISO 4217 Code AED User(s) United Arab Emirates Inflation 4. ... 1000 Yemeni Rial The rial or riyal is the currency of Yemen. ...

Contents

First kyat, -1889

Second kyat, 1943-1945

Third kyat, 1952-

Coins

First kyat

Second kyat

Third kyat

Banknotes

First kyat

Second kyat

Third kyat

Current MMK exchange rates

See also

References

External links