Nuremberg coat of arms

Location of Nuremberg

Nuremberg (German: Nürnberg) is a city in the German state of Bavaria, in the administrative region of Middle Franconia. It is situated on the Pegnitz river and the (Rhine-)Main-Danube Canal. Population (as of 07/2004): 494,933. Nürnberg coat of arms This image depicts a seal, an emblem, a coat of arms or a crest. ... Nürnberg coat of arms This image depicts a seal, an emblem, a coat of arms or a crest. ... German (called Deutsch in German; in German the term germanisch is equivalent to English Germanic), is a member of the western group of Germanic languages and is one of the worlds major languages. ... A city is an urban area, differentiated from a town, village, or hamlet by size, population density, importance, or legal status. ... The Federal Republic of Germany (German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland) is one of the worlds leading industrialised countries, located in the heart of Europe. ... In some federations, a province (subnational entity) is called a state. ... With an area of 70,553 km² and 12. ... A Regierungsbezirk is an administrative region of Germany, a subdivision of certain federal states (Bundesländer). ... Mittelfranken (Middle Franconia) is one of the three administrative regions of Franconia in Bavaria, Germany. ... Categories: Germany geography stubs ...

It is known as the location of the Nuremberg rallies of the Nazi Party, and for the Nuremberg Trials of Nazis after World War II. The Nazi swastika symbol The National Socialist German Workers Party ( German: Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei), better known as the NSDAP or the Nazi Party was a political party that was led to power in Germany by Adolf Hitler in 1933. ... The Nuremberg Trials is the general name for two sets of trials of Nazis involved in World War II and the Holocaust. ... Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ...

History

Hl. Geistspital

Middle Ages

From 1050 to 1571, the city was a regular stop on the progression of the Holy Roman Emperor, particularly because Reichstage (Imperial Diets) and courts met at Nuremberg Castle. The Diets of Nuremberg were an important part of the administrative structure of the empire. In 1219 Nuremberg became an Imperial Free City under Emperor Frederick II. Nuremberg soon became, with Augsburg, one of the two great trade centers on the route from Italy to Northern Europe. Events Leofric becomes Bishop of Exeter Births Margrave Leopold II of Austria (d. ... Events January 11 - Austrian nobility is granted Freedom of religion. ... The crown of the Holy Roman Empire (2nd half of the 10th century), now held in the Vienna Schatzkammer. ... The term Reichstag (in English: Imperial Diet) is a composition of German Reich (Empire) and tag (which does not mean day here, but is a derivate of the verb tagen, which means assembling for debate). ... The Diet of Nuremberg is often called the Imperial Diet at Nuremberg. ... Events Saint Francis of Assisi introduces Catholicism into Egypt, during the Fifth Crusade Ongoing events Fifth Crusade (1217-1221) Births Frederick II the Quarrelsome, last Babenberg Duke of Austria Deaths Jayavarman VII, ruler of the Khmer Empire Minamoto no Sanetomo, third shogun of the Kamakura Shogunate of Japan Monarchs/Presidents... In the Holy Roman Empire, an Imperial Free City (in German: Freie Reichsstadt) was a city formally responsible to the Emperor only — as opposed to the majority of cities in the Empire, which belonged to a territory and were thus governed by one of the many princes and dukes of... Frederick II (left) meets al-Kamil (right) Frederick II (December 26, 1194 - (December 13, 1250), Holy Roman Emperor of the Hohenstaufen dynasty, was pretender to the title of King of the Romans from 1212, unopposed holder of that monarchy from 1215, and Holy Roman Emperor from 1220 until his death... The Italian Republic or Italy (Italian: Repubblica Italiana or Italia) is a country in southern Europe. ...

In 14 April 1561, a large number of 'plates', 'blood-coloured crosses', and 'two great tubes' stages an aerial dog-fight, enthralling and frightening the whole population of Nuremberg.

Modern World

Defensive wall, north from the Castle

The cultural flowering of Nuremberg in the 15th and 16th centuries made it the center of the German Renaissance.

In 1525, Nuremberg accepted the Reformation, and in 1532, the religious Peace of Nuremberg, by which the Lutherans gained important concessions, was signed there. During the Thirty Years War, in 1632, Gustavus II was besieged in Nuremberg by Wallenstein. The city declined after the war and recovered its importance only in the 19th century, when it grew as an industrial center. In 1806, Nuremberg passed to Bavaria. The first German railway, from Nuremberg to nearby Fürth, was opened in 1835. The Protestant Reformation was a movement which began in the 16th century as a series of attempts to reform the Roman Catholic Church, but ended in division and the establishment of new institutions, most importantly Lutheranism, Reformed churches, and Anabaptists. ... The Lutheran movement is a group of denominations of Protestant Christianity by the original definition. ... The victory of Gustavus Adolphus at the Battle of Breitenfeld (1631) The Thirty Years War was a conflict fought between the years 1618 and 1648, principally in the central European territory of the Holy Roman Empire, but also involving most of the major continental powers. ... Fürth - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ...

20th century

Because of its relevance to the Holy Roman Empire, in line with the connotations raised by the term Third Reich, the Nazis chose the city as the site of their large NSDAP party conventions (as seen in Triumph of the Will). A number of premises were specially constructed for these assemblies, as well as other buildings, some of which were not finished. To this date, many examples of Nazi architecture can be seen in the city, making it an interesting visit for those interested in the History of Germany overall. The crown of the Holy Roman Empire (2nd half of the 10th century), now held in the Vienna Schatzkammer. ... Nazi Germany, or the Third Reich, commonly refers to Germany in the years 1933–1945, when it was under the firm control of the totalitarian and fascist ideology of the Nazi Party, with the Führer Adolf Hitler as dictator. ... Nazi Germany, or the Third Reich, commonly refers to Germany in the years 1933–1945, when it was under the firm control of the totalitarian and fascist ideology of the Nazi Party, with the Führer Adolf Hitler as dictator. ... The Nazi swastika The National Socialist German Workers Party (German: Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei), better known as the NSDAP or the Nazi Party was a political party that was led to power in Germany by Adolf Hitler in 1933. ... Triumph of the Will (Triumph des Willens in German) is a propaganda film by the German filmmaker Leni Riefenstahl, documenting the 1934 Nazi Party Congress in Nuremberg. ... -1... While the German people were not fully unified into a single political unit until the late 19th century, they exerted a tremendous influence upon Western civilization from its very beginnings. ...

After Adolf Hitler came to power, Nuremberg was made a national shrine by the National Socialists, who held their annual party congresses nearby from 1933 through 1938. The city was the home of the Nazi leader Julius Streicher and became a center of anti-Semitic propaganda. Until 1945, Nuremberg was the site of roughly half the total German production of airplane, submarine, and tank engines; as a consequence, the city was heavily bombed by the British and Americans during World War II and was largely destroyed. Despite this, the city was rebuilt after the war and was restored as closely to its pre-war appearance as possible, down to the replication of many of its medieval buildings. Julius Streicher at the Nuremberg Trials Julius Streicher (February 12, 1885–October 16, 1946) was a prominent Nazi prior to and during World War II. He was the publisher of the Nazi Der Stürmer newspaper, which was to become a part of the Nazi propaganda machine. ... Anti-Semitism (alternatively spelled antisemitism) is hostility towards Jews (not: Semites - see the Misnomer section further on). ... This article is about the type of communication. ... Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ... The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ...

After the end of World War II, the city became famous for the trials of Nazi officials for war crimes, crimes against humanity and aggression - the Nuremberg Trials. The Nazi party used a right-facing swastika as their symbol and the red and black colors were said to represent Blut und Boden (blood and soil). ... A war crime is a punishable offense, under international law, for violations of the law of war by any person or persons, military or civilian. ... This article is in need of attention. ... Aggression is defined as The act of initiating hostilities or invasion. ... The Nuremberg Trials is the general name for two sets of trials of Nazis involved in World War II and the Holocaust. ...

Economy

A notable industrial center, Nuremberg is still associated with its traditional gingerbread (Lebkuchen) products and handmade toys. The first pocket watches, the Nürnberg eggs, were made here in the 16th century. Its manufactures include electrical equipment, mechanical and optical products, motor vehicles, chemicals, textiles, and printed materials.

Nuremberg has an airport with flights to major German cities as well as connecting flights worldwide via Frankfurt International Airport. Nuremberg Airport (German: Flughafen Nürnberg) is the international airport of Nuremberg, Germany. ... Frankfurt International Airport (German: Flughafen Frankfurt am Main) is located in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. ...

Culture

Towers of St. Sebald and the Castle as seen from St. Lorenz

Nuremberg was an early center of humanism, science, printing, and mechanical invention.

The city contributed much to the science of astronomy. In 1471 Johannes Mueller of Königsberg (Bavaria), later called Regiomontanus, built an astronomical observatory in Nuremberg and published many important astronomical charts. In 1515, Albrecht Dürer, a native of Nuremberg, mapped the stars of the northern and southern hemispheres, producing the first printed star charts, which had been ordered by Johann Stabius. Around 1515 Dürer also published the "Stabiussche 'Weltkarte', the first perspective reproduction of the terrestrial globe. Perhaps most famously, the main part of Nicolaus Copernicus' work was published in Nuremberg in 1543. Astronomy (Greek: αστρονομία = άστρον + νόμος, literally, law of the stars) is the science involving the observation and explanation of events occurring beyond the Earth and its atmosphere. ... Johannes Müller von Königsberg (June 6, 1436 - July 6, 1476), Latin name Regiomontanus, was an important mathematician, astronomer, and astrologer of the 15th century. ... Self-Portrait, 1493, Oil on Canvas Albrecht Dürer ( May 21, 1471 - April 6, 1528) was a German painter, wood carver, engraver, and mathematician. ... Nicolaus Copernicus (in Latin; Polish Mikołaj Kopernik, German Nikolaus Kopernikus - February 19, 1473 – May 24, 1543) was a Polish astronomer, mathematician and economist who developed a heliocentric (Sun-centered) theory of the solar system in a form detailed enough to make it scientifically useful. ...

Printers and publishers have a long history in Nuremberg. Many of these publishers worked with well-known artists of the day to produce books that could also be considered works of art. Others furthered geographical knowledge and travel by mapmaking. Two of these were navigator and geographer Martin Behaim, who made the first world globe, and Hartmann Schedel, who wrote his World Chronicles (Schedelsche Weltchronik) in the local Franconian dialect. Martin Behaim (October 6, 1459 - July 29, 1507), or Behem, was a navigator and geographer of great pretensions. ... Hartmann Schedel of Nuremberg was one of the first cartographers to make use of the printing press. ...

Sculptors like Veit Stoss and Peter Vischer are also associated with Nuremberg. Wit Stwosz painted by Jan Matejko Veit Stoss or in Polish Wit Stwosz (ca. ... Peter Vischer may refer to one of several people: Peter Vischer the Elder, a German sculptor Peter Vischer the Younger, a German sculptor This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...

Composed of prosperous artisans, the guilds of the Meistersingers flourished here. Richard Wagner made their most famous member, Hans Sachs, the hero of his opera Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg. Richard Wagner Wilhelm Richard Wagner (May 22, 1813 – February 13, 1883) was an influential German composer, music theorist, and essayist, primarily known for his operas. ...

Nuremberg in winter

Worldwide, Nuremberg is twinned with the following cities: This article is about partnerships between towns distant from each other; see Twin cities for the different concept of physically neighbouring cities. ...

• Glasgow, Scotland
• San Carlos, Nicaragua
• Skopje, Macedonia
• Cracow, Poland
• Nice, France
• Venice, Italy
• Atlanta, USA
• Kavala, Greece
• Shenzhen, China
• Antalya, Turkey
• Hadera, Israel
• Prague, Czech Republic
• Kharkov, Ukraine

Glasgows location in Scotland Glasgow is Scotlands largest city, located on the River Clyde in West Central Scotland. ... Scotland (Alba in Scottish Gaelic) is a country or nation and former independent kingdom of northwest Europe, and one of the four constituent parts of the United Kingdom. ... Nicaragua is a republic in Central America. ... Modern Skopje Skopje (Albanian: Shkup, Macedonian: Скопје) is the capital city of the Republic of Macedonia. ... The huge equestrian statue of Alexander the Great, king of ancient Macedon, on the waterfront at Thessaloniki, capital of Greek Macedonia Macedonia is a geographical and historical region of the Balkan peninsula in south-eastern Europe with an area of around 67,000 square kilometres and a population of 4. ... Motto: none Voivodship Lesser Poland Municipal government Rada miasta Kraków Mayor Jacek Majchrowski Area 326,8 km² Population  - city  - urban  - density 757,500 (2004 est. ... The Republic of Poland, a democratic country with a population of 38,626,349 and area of 312,685 km², is located in Central Europe, between Germany to the west, the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south, Ukraine and Belarus to the east, and the Baltic Sea, Lithuania and... This article is about the city. ... The French Republic or France (French: République française or France) is a country whose metropolitan territory is located in western Europe, and which is further made up of a collection of overseas islands and territories located in other continents. ... Venice is known for its waterways and gondolas Gondola. ... The Italian Republic or Italy (Italian: Repubblica Italiana or Italia) is a country in southern Europe. ... This article is about the state capital of Georgia. ... The word Usa has more than one meaning: U.S.A. - The United States of America The United States Army Usa, Oita - A city in Japan The USA cable network USA Today national daily newspaper The University of Southern Alabama goes by the initials U.S.A. The patriotic cheer... Kavala (also seen as Kavála, Kavalla, Cavalla, and Cavalle), (2001 pop. ... Greece, officaly called the Hellenic Republic (Greek: Ελληνική Δημοκρατία), is a country in the southeast of Europe on the southern tip of the Balkan peninsula. ... Shenzhen ( Chinese: 深圳; pinyin: ; Cantonese Jyutping: sam1 zan3, Yale: sām jan; Sham Chun [Shamchun] in old or Hong Kong documents; lit. ... The Great Wall of China, stretching over 6,700 km, was erected beginning in the 3rd century BC to guard the north from raids by men on horses. ... Antalyas symbol Antalya is a city on a bay of the south Turkey in the Antalya Province. ... The Republic of Turkey is a country located in Southwest Asia with a small part of its territory (3%) in southeastern Europe. ... Hadera (חדרה) is a city in the Haifa District in Israel. ... The State of Israel (Hebrew: מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, transliteration: ; Arabic: دَوْلَةْ اِسْرَائِيل, transliteration: ) is a country in the Middle East on the eastern edge of the Mediterranean Sea. ... Prague (Praha in Czech) is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic. ... National motto: Truth prevails (Czech: Pravda vítězí) Official language Czech Capital Praha (Prague) President Václav Klaus Prime Minister Jiří Paroubek Area  - Total  - % water Ranked 114th 78,866 km² 2% Population  - Total (2003)  - Density Ranked 76th 10. ... Kharkov (rus: Ха́рьков) or Kharkiv (ukr: Ха́рків) is the second largest city in Ukraine, a center of Kharkivska oblast. It is situated in the northeast of the country and has a population of two million. ... Ukraine (Україна, Ukrayina in Ukrainian; Украина in Russian) is a republic in eastern Europe which borders Russia to the east, Belarus to the north, Poland, Slovakia and Hungary to the west, Romania and Moldova to the southwest and the Black Sea to the south. ...

Famous denizens

Other famous denizens of the city include: Adam Kraft, Hans Behaim the Elder (architect), Anton Koberger, Conrad Paumann, and Hans Sachs. Conrad Paumann (c. ... Hans Sachs (September 5, 1494 - January 19, 1576) was a German meistersinger (mastersinger), poet, playwright and shoemaker. ...

Miscellaneous items related to Nuremberg

• Nürnberger Bratwürste
• Christkindlmarkt
• Lebkuchen (gingerbread, specialty of Nuremberg)
• Leni Riefenstahl
• Toy Museum ("Spielzeugmuseum")
• de:Geschichte der Stadt Nürnberg (History of the City of Nuremberg, in German)
• de:Germanisches Nationalmuseum (German)
• Labour Exchange Headquarters ("Arbeitsamt", now "Agentur für Arbeit")
• Norisring (http://www.norisring.de/) Racetrack, where Pedro Rodriguez died in 1971

A bratwurst is a fried sausage. ... In many towns in southern Germany, Advent is usually ushered in with the opening of the town Christmas Markets, often also called Christkindlmarkt or Christkindlesmarkt (Ger. ... Freshly baked Lebkuchen Lebkuchen are traditional German Christmas cookies similar to gingerbread, which were probably invented by Medieval monks in Franconia, Germany in the 13th century. ... Riefenstahl circa 1930 Berta Helene Amalie Leni Riefenstahl (August 22, 1902 - September 8, 2003) was a Nazi-era German filmmaker renowned for her aesthetics. ... The Grand Prix motor racing driver Pedro Rodriguez was born January 18, 1940, in Mexico City; his younger brother and racing partner Ricardo was born 2 years later. ...

External links

• http://www.nuremberg.de/ - English website of the city
• http://germany.archiseek.com/bavaria/nuremberg/index.html - Architecture of Nuremberg

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